In this work, we have studied the vacancy formation energy of TiN alloy of structure B2 of size 10 × 10 × 10 for nitrogen percentages of 45%, 50% and 55% under the influence of temperature at 1320 K, 1420 K ...In this work, we have studied the vacancy formation energy of TiN alloy of structure B2 of size 10 × 10 × 10 for nitrogen percentages of 45%, 50% and 55% under the influence of temperature at 1320 K, 1420 K and 1520 K using the Modified Embedded Atom Method MEAM under the calculation code LAMMPS version 2020. This study has enabled us to understand the behavior of the TiN alloy under different nitrogen percentages in terms of total energy, vacancy formation energy, crystalline parameter, occupancy rate and order parameter. For total energy, we have shown that as temperature increases, total energy decreases, making it easier to obtain TiN at higher temperatures;reaching the value of -7344.9169 eV for the 55% nitrogen structure for the temperature of 1420 K. For the energy of formation, we have shown that the compounds obtained at 1320 K and 1520 K have a more considerable energy of formation than that obtained at 1420 K. The study of fractions and the order parameter showed us that the structure of TiN with 55% nitrogen is less likely, as the composition obtained is at most 53.35%.展开更多
针对茶产业质量安全问题,在探讨良好农业规范GAP的基础上,研究设计茶叶GAP关键控制点和生产过程条码化管理方法,利用Visual C#.NET面向对象编程技术和SQL Server 2005关系型数据库技术,采用二维码(QR code)标识方法,开发了茶叶质量溯源...针对茶产业质量安全问题,在探讨良好农业规范GAP的基础上,研究设计茶叶GAP关键控制点和生产过程条码化管理方法,利用Visual C#.NET面向对象编程技术和SQL Server 2005关系型数据库技术,采用二维码(QR code)标识方法,开发了茶叶质量溯源管理客户端软件和茶叶二维码溯源查询系统。应用表明,该系统实现了茶叶企业根据GAP种植规程指导茶农进行规范化生产,为确保茶叶质量安全生产提供一种有效手段,同时为政府监管提供溯源依据。展开更多
This article purports to shed light on some thoughts on China’s legislative reform in respect of rules pertaining to regulate the multimodal transportation involving a sea leg. While the section of multimodal transpo...This article purports to shed light on some thoughts on China’s legislative reform in respect of rules pertaining to regulate the multimodal transportation involving a sea leg. While the section of multimodal transportation in the Chinese Maritime Code has not been much challenged in the legal practice, the recent Rotterdam Rules that deals with contracts of carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea certainly probes the area with new solutions. These new solutions have enlightened the debates among the scholars and practitioners over the routes for the reform of the wet multimodal transport provisions in the Code. In this article, the author attempts to assess the Rotterdam Rules solutions in connection with the characteristics of Chinese import and export trades that involve multimodal transportation as well as the relevant domestic legislation and international treaties to which China has entered into as member state that regulate transport of goods by modes other than sea. Based on the analysis, it finds out that some of the former solutions may give rise to unexpected results that hinder their adoption in the future Code : it could narrow the existing scope of application of the Chinese Maritime Code and would let the multimodal transport operators escape the mandatory regime of the Code.And if provision like the Art.26 of the Rotterdam Rules is adopted in the Code, a great market difference might be created as between the fragmented transportation under various contracts and the multimodal transportation under a single contract. However,certain rules are positive so that can be adopted in the future Code: the hypothetical contract approach adopted in the Art. 26 of the Rotterdam, Rules and the gap-filling approach adopted in the Arts. 26 and 82 of the Rules may provide better certainties in respect of issues such as time for suit, liability for delay, transport documents.Moreover, Chinese legislators may consider to extend the multimodal liability regime to the independent contractors or subcontractors of 展开更多
文摘In this work, we have studied the vacancy formation energy of TiN alloy of structure B2 of size 10 × 10 × 10 for nitrogen percentages of 45%, 50% and 55% under the influence of temperature at 1320 K, 1420 K and 1520 K using the Modified Embedded Atom Method MEAM under the calculation code LAMMPS version 2020. This study has enabled us to understand the behavior of the TiN alloy under different nitrogen percentages in terms of total energy, vacancy formation energy, crystalline parameter, occupancy rate and order parameter. For total energy, we have shown that as temperature increases, total energy decreases, making it easier to obtain TiN at higher temperatures;reaching the value of -7344.9169 eV for the 55% nitrogen structure for the temperature of 1420 K. For the energy of formation, we have shown that the compounds obtained at 1320 K and 1520 K have a more considerable energy of formation than that obtained at 1420 K. The study of fractions and the order parameter showed us that the structure of TiN with 55% nitrogen is less likely, as the composition obtained is at most 53.35%.
文摘针对茶产业质量安全问题,在探讨良好农业规范GAP的基础上,研究设计茶叶GAP关键控制点和生产过程条码化管理方法,利用Visual C#.NET面向对象编程技术和SQL Server 2005关系型数据库技术,采用二维码(QR code)标识方法,开发了茶叶质量溯源管理客户端软件和茶叶二维码溯源查询系统。应用表明,该系统实现了茶叶企业根据GAP种植规程指导茶农进行规范化生产,为确保茶叶质量安全生产提供一种有效手段,同时为政府监管提供溯源依据。
文摘This article purports to shed light on some thoughts on China’s legislative reform in respect of rules pertaining to regulate the multimodal transportation involving a sea leg. While the section of multimodal transportation in the Chinese Maritime Code has not been much challenged in the legal practice, the recent Rotterdam Rules that deals with contracts of carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea certainly probes the area with new solutions. These new solutions have enlightened the debates among the scholars and practitioners over the routes for the reform of the wet multimodal transport provisions in the Code. In this article, the author attempts to assess the Rotterdam Rules solutions in connection with the characteristics of Chinese import and export trades that involve multimodal transportation as well as the relevant domestic legislation and international treaties to which China has entered into as member state that regulate transport of goods by modes other than sea. Based on the analysis, it finds out that some of the former solutions may give rise to unexpected results that hinder their adoption in the future Code : it could narrow the existing scope of application of the Chinese Maritime Code and would let the multimodal transport operators escape the mandatory regime of the Code.And if provision like the Art.26 of the Rotterdam Rules is adopted in the Code, a great market difference might be created as between the fragmented transportation under various contracts and the multimodal transportation under a single contract. However,certain rules are positive so that can be adopted in the future Code: the hypothetical contract approach adopted in the Art. 26 of the Rotterdam, Rules and the gap-filling approach adopted in the Arts. 26 and 82 of the Rules may provide better certainties in respect of issues such as time for suit, liability for delay, transport documents.Moreover, Chinese legislators may consider to extend the multimodal liability regime to the independent contractors or subcontractors of
