In vehicle Ad-hoc netwok （VANET）, traffic load is often unevenly distributed among access points （APs）. Such load imbalance hampers the network from fully utilizing the network capacity. To alleviate such imbalanc...In vehicle Ad-hoc netwok （VANET）, traffic load is often unevenly distributed among access points （APs）. Such load imbalance hampers the network from fully utilizing the network capacity. To alleviate such imbalance, the paper introduces a novel pricing game model. The research scene is at the intersection when the traffic light is green. As vehicles are highly mobile and the network typology changes dynamically, the paper divides the green light time into equal slots and calculates APs＇ prices with the presented pricing game in each time slot. The whole process is a repeated game model. The final equilibrium solution set is APs＇ pricing strategy, and the paper claim that this equilibrium solution set can affect vehicles＇ selection and ensure APs＇ load-balancing. Simulation results based on a realistic vehicular traffic model demonstrate the effectiveness of the game method.展开更多
In this work,chaos game optimization(CGO),a robust optimization approach,is employed for efficient design of a novel cascade controller for four test systems with interconnected power systems(IPSs)to tackle load-frequ...In this work,chaos game optimization(CGO),a robust optimization approach,is employed for efficient design of a novel cascade controller for four test systems with interconnected power systems(IPSs)to tackle load-frequency con-trol(LFC)difficulties.The CGO method is based on chaos theory principles,in which the structure of fractals is seen via the chaotic game principle and the fractals’self-similarity characteristics are considered.CGO is applied in LFC studies as a novel application,which reveals further research gaps to be filled.For practical implementation,it is also highly desirable to keep the controller structure simple.Accordingly,in this paper,a CGO-based controller of fractional-order(FO)proportional-integral-derivative-FO proportional-integral(FOPID-FOPI)controller is proposed,and the integral time multiplied absolute error performance function is used.Initially,the proposed CGO-based FOPID-FOPI controller is tested with and without the nonlinearity of the governor dead band for a two-area two-source model of a non-reheat unit.This is a common test system in the literature.A two-area multi-unit system with reheater-hydro-gas in both areas is implemented.To further generalize the advantages of the proposed scheme,a model of a three-area hydrothermal IPS including generation rate constraint nonlinearity is employed.For each test system,comparisons with relevant existing studies are performed.These demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme in reducing settling time,and frequency and tie-line power deviations.展开更多
基金supported by the Open Research Fund from the Key Laboratory for Computer Network and Information Integration (Southeast University, Ministry of Education, China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+4 种基金National Key Technology R&D Program (2011BAK02B02-01),National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2011BAK02B02)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2012AA111902)State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (2011CB302902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61073180)National Science and Technology Major Project (2010ZX03006-002-03)
文摘In vehicle Ad-hoc netwok （VANET）, traffic load is often unevenly distributed among access points （APs）. Such load imbalance hampers the network from fully utilizing the network capacity. To alleviate such imbalance, the paper introduces a novel pricing game model. The research scene is at the intersection when the traffic light is green. As vehicles are highly mobile and the network typology changes dynamically, the paper divides the green light time into equal slots and calculates APs＇ prices with the presented pricing game in each time slot. The whole process is a repeated game model. The final equilibrium solution set is APs＇ pricing strategy, and the paper claim that this equilibrium solution set can affect vehicles＇ selection and ensure APs＇ load-balancing. Simulation results based on a realistic vehicular traffic model demonstrate the effectiveness of the game method.
文摘In this work,chaos game optimization(CGO),a robust optimization approach,is employed for efficient design of a novel cascade controller for four test systems with interconnected power systems(IPSs)to tackle load-frequency con-trol(LFC)difficulties.The CGO method is based on chaos theory principles,in which the structure of fractals is seen via the chaotic game principle and the fractals’self-similarity characteristics are considered.CGO is applied in LFC studies as a novel application,which reveals further research gaps to be filled.For practical implementation,it is also highly desirable to keep the controller structure simple.Accordingly,in this paper,a CGO-based controller of fractional-order(FO)proportional-integral-derivative-FO proportional-integral(FOPID-FOPI)controller is proposed,and the integral time multiplied absolute error performance function is used.Initially,the proposed CGO-based FOPID-FOPI controller is tested with and without the nonlinearity of the governor dead band for a two-area two-source model of a non-reheat unit.This is a common test system in the literature.A two-area multi-unit system with reheater-hydro-gas in both areas is implemented.To further generalize the advantages of the proposed scheme,a model of a three-area hydrothermal IPS including generation rate constraint nonlinearity is employed.For each test system,comparisons with relevant existing studies are performed.These demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme in reducing settling time,and frequency and tie-line power deviations.
