Within the interleukin-17 （IL-17） family of cytokines, IL-17A is known to be critical in the host defense against fungal infections; however, the function of the other IL-17 family members in anti-fungal immunity re...Within the interleukin-17 （IL-17） family of cytokines, IL-17A is known to be critical in the host defense against fungal infections; however, the function of the other IL-17 family members in anti-fungal immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we show that IL-17C expression was highly induced in kidney epithelial cells after fungal infection. Mice that lacked IL-17C exhibited increased survival and attenuated kidney tissue damage, although they had similar fungal loads. IL-17C deficiency resulted in decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression compared with wild-type control mice. Additionally, IL-17C directly acted on renal epithelial cells in vitro to promote pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Taken together, our data demonstrate that IL-17C is a critical factor that potentiates inflammatory responses and causes host injury during fungal infection.展开更多
Penicillium marneffei （R marneffei） infection usually occurs with skin, bone marrow, lung or hepatic involve- ment. However, no cases of P. mameffei infection with chylous ascites have been reported thus far. In thi...Penicillium marneffei （R marneffei） infection usually occurs with skin, bone marrow, lung or hepatic involve- ment. However, no cases of P. mameffei infection with chylous ascites have been reported thus far. In this re- port, we describe the first case of acquired immune de- ficiency syndrome （AIDS） which has been complicated by a P. marneffei infection causing chylous ascites. We describe the details of the case, with an emphasis on treatment regimen. This patient was treated with am- photericin B for 3 mo, while receiving concomitant ther- apy with an efavirenz-containing antiretroviral regimen, but cultures in ascitic fluid were persistently positive for P. marneffei. The infection resolved after treatment with high-dose voriconazole （400 mg every 12 h） for 3 too. R marneffei should be considered in the differential di- agnosis of chylous ascites in human immunodeficiency virus patients. High-dose voriconazole is an effective, well-tolerated and convenient option for the treatment of systemic infections with R marneffei in AIDS patients on an efavirenz-containing antiretroviral regimen.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to development of an immune-dysregulated phenotype,advanced liver disease in all forms predisposes patients to sepsis acquisition,including by opportunistic pathogens such as fungi.Little data exists on...BACKGROUND Due to development of an immune-dysregulated phenotype,advanced liver disease in all forms predisposes patients to sepsis acquisition,including by opportunistic pathogens such as fungi.Little data exists on fungal infection within a medical intensive liver unit(MILU),particularly in relation to acute on chronic liver failure.AIM To investigate the impact of fungal infections among critically ill patients with advanced liver disease,and compare outcomes to those of patients with bacterial infections.METHODS From our prospective registry of MILU patients from 2018-2022,we included 27 patients with culture-positive fungal infections and 183 with bacterial infections.We compared outcomes between patients admitted to the MILU with fungal infections to bacterial counterparts.Data was extracted through chart review.RESULTS All fungal infections were due to Candida species,and were most frequently blood isolates.Mortality among patients with fungal infections was significantly worse relative to the bacterial cohort(93%vs 52%,P<0.001).The majority of the fungal cohort developed grade 2 or 3 acute on chronic liver failure(ACLF)(90%vs 64%,P=0.02).Patients in the fungal cohort had increased use of vasopressors(96%vs 70%,P=0.04),mechanical ventilation(96%vs 65%,P<0.001),and dialysis due to acute kidney injury(78%vs 52%,P=0.014).On MILU admission,the fungal cohort had significantly higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(108 vs 91,P=0.003),Acute Physiology Score(86 vs 65,P=0.003),and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium scores(86 vs 65,P=0.041).There was no significant difference in the rate of central line use preceding culture(52%vs 40%,P=0.2).Patients with fungal infection had higher rate of transplant hold placement,and lower rates of transplant;however,differences did not achieve statistical significance.CONCLUSION Mortality was worse among patients with fungal infections,likely attributable to severe ACLF development.Prospective studies examining empiric antifungals in severe ACLF and associa展开更多
目的:探讨重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)内的重症患者获得性真菌感染的特点,以及分化簇(cluster of differentiation,CD)4+、CD8+T细胞免疫功能对获得性真菌感染临床评估中的价值。方法:纳入2017年1月至2019年12月入住重庆医科...目的:探讨重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)内的重症患者获得性真菌感染的特点,以及分化簇(cluster of differentiation,CD)4+、CD8+T细胞免疫功能对获得性真菌感染临床评估中的价值。方法:纳入2017年1月至2019年12月入住重庆医科大学附属第一医院重症医学科并送检标本培养出真菌阳性的患者。根据诊断标准分为真菌感染组(49例)与定植组(37例)。记录并分析急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分,ICU住院时间,是否合并脓毒症、进行深静脉置管、机械通气、使用激素及广谱抗生素。收集标本取样48 h内患者体温、呼吸频率、脉率等生命体征,CD4+T细胞百分比、CD8+T细胞百分比、CD4+/CD8+比值等T细胞检测值。采用二元logistic回归进行感染危险因素分析并建立预测模型,同时获得预测概率。运用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析上述指标对诊断真菌感染价值进行评价。结果:感染组中,APACHEⅡ评分(P=0.045)、合并脓毒症例数(P=0.049)、机械通气例数(P=0.011)、体温(P=0.049)明显高于定植组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其余指标在评估真菌感染与定植的比较中没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。对首次培养结果不同的菌株种类进行亚组分析,发现各组别间T细胞检测值无统计学差异(P>0.05)。进行logistic回归分析感染组与定植组中T细胞检测值建立预测模型一,对其预测概率进行分析(P=0.013);再对合并脓毒症例数与T细胞检测值分析所得的预测概率(预测模型二)进行分析(P=0.024);对ICU入住时间、APACHEⅡ评分、合并脓毒症、进行深静脉置管、机械通气、使用激素、使用广谱抗生素、T细胞检测值分析所得预测概率(预测模型三)进行分析(P=0.025)。根据ROC曲线分析APACHEⅡ评分[曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)=0.577]、体温(AUC=0.487)、CD4+T细胞展开更多
Objectives: To compare groups of etiologic agents for neonatal fungemia based on previously published case reports with regard to case outcomes. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from case reports published in scien...Objectives: To compare groups of etiologic agents for neonatal fungemia based on previously published case reports with regard to case outcomes. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from case reports published in scientific literature indexed in Medline, Scopus and LILACS databases, and starting from the year, full texts were registered until the year 2010. Results: Thirty-four species of fungi were isolated in 252 cases reported over a 40-year period. The distribution of fungal groups according to the development level of a case’s region of origin was very uneven (p Aspergillus sp.) in more developed countries. However, 73% of the chi-squared distribution corresponded to differences observed in the frequency of Candida sp. and non-albicans Candida. While the frequency of candidemia by C. albicans was progressively declining in the period from 1966 to 2010, reports of non-albicans candidemia and other non-Candida fungi became significantly (p albicans Candida or non-Candida fungi were isolated. Conclusion: fungi of the genera Candida and Aspergillus were the etiologic agents most frequently identified in published cases of neonatal fungemia;the outcome of death was more often related to cases where non-albicans Candida or non-Candida fungi were isolated.展开更多
文摘Within the interleukin-17 （IL-17） family of cytokines, IL-17A is known to be critical in the host defense against fungal infections; however, the function of the other IL-17 family members in anti-fungal immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we show that IL-17C expression was highly induced in kidney epithelial cells after fungal infection. Mice that lacked IL-17C exhibited increased survival and attenuated kidney tissue damage, although they had similar fungal loads. IL-17C deficiency resulted in decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression compared with wild-type control mice. Additionally, IL-17C directly acted on renal epithelial cells in vitro to promote pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Taken together, our data demonstrate that IL-17C is a critical factor that potentiates inflammatory responses and causes host injury during fungal infection.
文摘Penicillium marneffei （R marneffei） infection usually occurs with skin, bone marrow, lung or hepatic involve- ment. However, no cases of P. mameffei infection with chylous ascites have been reported thus far. In this re- port, we describe the first case of acquired immune de- ficiency syndrome （AIDS） which has been complicated by a P. marneffei infection causing chylous ascites. We describe the details of the case, with an emphasis on treatment regimen. This patient was treated with am- photericin B for 3 mo, while receiving concomitant ther- apy with an efavirenz-containing antiretroviral regimen, but cultures in ascitic fluid were persistently positive for P. marneffei. The infection resolved after treatment with high-dose voriconazole （400 mg every 12 h） for 3 too. R marneffei should be considered in the differential di- agnosis of chylous ascites in human immunodeficiency virus patients. High-dose voriconazole is an effective, well-tolerated and convenient option for the treatment of systemic infections with R marneffei in AIDS patients on an efavirenz-containing antiretroviral regimen.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to development of an immune-dysregulated phenotype,advanced liver disease in all forms predisposes patients to sepsis acquisition,including by opportunistic pathogens such as fungi.Little data exists on fungal infection within a medical intensive liver unit(MILU),particularly in relation to acute on chronic liver failure.AIM To investigate the impact of fungal infections among critically ill patients with advanced liver disease,and compare outcomes to those of patients with bacterial infections.METHODS From our prospective registry of MILU patients from 2018-2022,we included 27 patients with culture-positive fungal infections and 183 with bacterial infections.We compared outcomes between patients admitted to the MILU with fungal infections to bacterial counterparts.Data was extracted through chart review.RESULTS All fungal infections were due to Candida species,and were most frequently blood isolates.Mortality among patients with fungal infections was significantly worse relative to the bacterial cohort(93%vs 52%,P<0.001).The majority of the fungal cohort developed grade 2 or 3 acute on chronic liver failure(ACLF)(90%vs 64%,P=0.02).Patients in the fungal cohort had increased use of vasopressors(96%vs 70%,P=0.04),mechanical ventilation(96%vs 65%,P<0.001),and dialysis due to acute kidney injury(78%vs 52%,P=0.014).On MILU admission,the fungal cohort had significantly higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(108 vs 91,P=0.003),Acute Physiology Score(86 vs 65,P=0.003),and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium scores(86 vs 65,P=0.041).There was no significant difference in the rate of central line use preceding culture(52%vs 40%,P=0.2).Patients with fungal infection had higher rate of transplant hold placement,and lower rates of transplant;however,differences did not achieve statistical significance.CONCLUSION Mortality was worse among patients with fungal infections,likely attributable to severe ACLF development.Prospective studies examining empiric antifungals in severe ACLF and associa
文摘目的:探讨重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)内的重症患者获得性真菌感染的特点,以及分化簇(cluster of differentiation,CD)4+、CD8+T细胞免疫功能对获得性真菌感染临床评估中的价值。方法:纳入2017年1月至2019年12月入住重庆医科大学附属第一医院重症医学科并送检标本培养出真菌阳性的患者。根据诊断标准分为真菌感染组(49例)与定植组(37例)。记录并分析急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分,ICU住院时间,是否合并脓毒症、进行深静脉置管、机械通气、使用激素及广谱抗生素。收集标本取样48 h内患者体温、呼吸频率、脉率等生命体征,CD4+T细胞百分比、CD8+T细胞百分比、CD4+/CD8+比值等T细胞检测值。采用二元logistic回归进行感染危险因素分析并建立预测模型,同时获得预测概率。运用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析上述指标对诊断真菌感染价值进行评价。结果:感染组中,APACHEⅡ评分(P=0.045)、合并脓毒症例数(P=0.049)、机械通气例数(P=0.011)、体温(P=0.049)明显高于定植组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其余指标在评估真菌感染与定植的比较中没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。对首次培养结果不同的菌株种类进行亚组分析,发现各组别间T细胞检测值无统计学差异(P>0.05)。进行logistic回归分析感染组与定植组中T细胞检测值建立预测模型一,对其预测概率进行分析(P=0.013);再对合并脓毒症例数与T细胞检测值分析所得的预测概率(预测模型二)进行分析(P=0.024);对ICU入住时间、APACHEⅡ评分、合并脓毒症、进行深静脉置管、机械通气、使用激素、使用广谱抗生素、T细胞检测值分析所得预测概率(预测模型三)进行分析(P=0.025)。根据ROC曲线分析APACHEⅡ评分[曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)=0.577]、体温(AUC=0.487)、CD4+T细胞
文摘Objectives: To compare groups of etiologic agents for neonatal fungemia based on previously published case reports with regard to case outcomes. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from case reports published in scientific literature indexed in Medline, Scopus and LILACS databases, and starting from the year, full texts were registered until the year 2010. Results: Thirty-four species of fungi were isolated in 252 cases reported over a 40-year period. The distribution of fungal groups according to the development level of a case’s region of origin was very uneven (p Aspergillus sp.) in more developed countries. However, 73% of the chi-squared distribution corresponded to differences observed in the frequency of Candida sp. and non-albicans Candida. While the frequency of candidemia by C. albicans was progressively declining in the period from 1966 to 2010, reports of non-albicans candidemia and other non-Candida fungi became significantly (p albicans Candida or non-Candida fungi were isolated. Conclusion: fungi of the genera Candida and Aspergillus were the etiologic agents most frequently identified in published cases of neonatal fungemia;the outcome of death was more often related to cases where non-albicans Candida or non-Candida fungi were isolated.
