It has all along been a controversial issue in academic circles how to denominate grave goods recording slips and tablets. According to textual records, scholars usually call them “qiance 遣策，” i.e. slips with lis...It has all along been a controversial issue in academic circles how to denominate grave goods recording slips and tablets. According to textual records, scholars usually call them “qiance 遣策，” i.e. slips with lists of tomb furniture and the names of donors. Combining literary records with archaeological finds, the author of this paper points out the limitation of this denomination, and, on the basis of archaeological discoveries, puts forward the name "wushu" jiandu“物疏”简牍, or slips and tablets with lists of funeral objects. Furthermore, she discusses the shape and number of wushu jiandu, the form of writing and recording on them, and their placement in tombs, as well as the distribution of these tombs.展开更多
In the pre-Qin Period, Mu墓 (Tomb or Grave) and Zhong冢 (Mound over grave) are two exclusively different concepts: Mu was burial place without mound over it, and a general term for the burials of common people and som...In the pre-Qin Period, Mu墓 (Tomb or Grave) and Zhong冢 (Mound over grave) are two exclusively different concepts: Mu was burial place without mound over it, and a general term for the burials of common people and some nobles; Zhong was large-scale burial with artificial mound over it, and the term specially used for the royal or high-ranked elite burials. The meanings of these two terms began to be mixed up since the Spring-and-Autumn Period, and referred to the same concept in the Qin-Han Period. In the pre-Qin Period, the Zhongji冢祭, which were sacrifice offering ceremonies on the sites of the mounded royal or high-ranked elite tombs, did unquestionably exist; but the Muji墓祭, which were sacrifice offering ceremonies held on the sites of the graves of common people or some nobles, was only one step in the procedure of funeral ceremonies and not held as a rule. The opinion of "in the ancient times, Muji was not held" by the scholars in the Han to Jin Dynasties was held just on this aspect.展开更多
In 1989- 1995, the Henan Yongcheng Municipal Archaeological Team excavated three rock-cut rectangular pits of funeral objects in the prince Liangwang mausoleum precinct on Mr. Mangdang in Yongcheng City. Among them th...In 1989- 1995, the Henan Yongcheng Municipal Archaeological Team excavated three rock-cut rectangular pits of funeral objects in the prince Liangwang mausoleum precinct on Mr. Mangdang in Yongcheng City. Among them the first pit at Tomb 1 on Fuzishan Ridge yielded 14 bronzes belonging to the types of lamp, zeng steamer, basin, ladle, pot, square pot. fu cauldron, mou cooking vessel and yi ewer. The first pit at Tomb 1 on Nanshan Ridge yielded bronze vessels of the zhong basin and pot, and two wuzhu coins. The first pit at Tomb 2 on Tiejiaoshan Ridge provided more than one thousand horse-and-chariot trappings, including axle caps, protections for axles, ornaments of poles, end pieces of canopy spokes, bits, cheek pieces, loops for canopy handles, yi loops on crossbars, jieyue ornaments for rope joints and belt buckles. These three pits are all located in the prince Liangwang mausoleum precinct of the Western Han period, so they should also be dated to that time.展开更多
文摘It has all along been a controversial issue in academic circles how to denominate grave goods recording slips and tablets. According to textual records, scholars usually call them “qiance 遣策，” i.e. slips with lists of tomb furniture and the names of donors. Combining literary records with archaeological finds, the author of this paper points out the limitation of this denomination, and, on the basis of archaeological discoveries, puts forward the name "wushu" jiandu“物疏”简牍, or slips and tablets with lists of funeral objects. Furthermore, she discusses the shape and number of wushu jiandu, the form of writing and recording on them, and their placement in tombs, as well as the distribution of these tombs.
文摘In the pre-Qin Period, Mu墓 (Tomb or Grave) and Zhong冢 (Mound over grave) are two exclusively different concepts: Mu was burial place without mound over it, and a general term for the burials of common people and some nobles; Zhong was large-scale burial with artificial mound over it, and the term specially used for the royal or high-ranked elite burials. The meanings of these two terms began to be mixed up since the Spring-and-Autumn Period, and referred to the same concept in the Qin-Han Period. In the pre-Qin Period, the Zhongji冢祭, which were sacrifice offering ceremonies on the sites of the mounded royal or high-ranked elite tombs, did unquestionably exist; but the Muji墓祭, which were sacrifice offering ceremonies held on the sites of the graves of common people or some nobles, was only one step in the procedure of funeral ceremonies and not held as a rule. The opinion of "in the ancient times, Muji was not held" by the scholars in the Han to Jin Dynasties was held just on this aspect.
文摘In 1989- 1995, the Henan Yongcheng Municipal Archaeological Team excavated three rock-cut rectangular pits of funeral objects in the prince Liangwang mausoleum precinct on Mr. Mangdang in Yongcheng City. Among them the first pit at Tomb 1 on Fuzishan Ridge yielded 14 bronzes belonging to the types of lamp, zeng steamer, basin, ladle, pot, square pot. fu cauldron, mou cooking vessel and yi ewer. The first pit at Tomb 1 on Nanshan Ridge yielded bronze vessels of the zhong basin and pot, and two wuzhu coins. The first pit at Tomb 2 on Tiejiaoshan Ridge provided more than one thousand horse-and-chariot trappings, including axle caps, protections for axles, ornaments of poles, end pieces of canopy spokes, bits, cheek pieces, loops for canopy handles, yi loops on crossbars, jieyue ornaments for rope joints and belt buckles. These three pits are all located in the prince Liangwang mausoleum precinct of the Western Han period, so they should also be dated to that time.
