[Objectives]To determine the water content,total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content of Yi medicinal material"Qibujing",so as to provide experimental basis for establishing the Quality Standard(Draft)...[Objectives]To determine the water content,total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content of Yi medicinal material"Qibujing",so as to provide experimental basis for establishing the Quality Standard(Draft)of Yi Medicinal Material"Qibujing"in Sichuan Province.[Methods]According to the second method(drying method)in 0832 water content determination method and 2301 ash content determination method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 Edition),it was determined,respectively,and the data were processed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and DPS 7.05 data processing system.[Results]All the 14 batches of sample met the stipulation that the water content should not exceed 12.0%,the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%,and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5%under"Guan Zhong-(Qibujing)"in the 2005 edition of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard.There was a negative correlation between water content,acid-insoluble ash content and altitude,and a positive correlation between total ash content and altitude.[Conclusions]It is suggested that Quality Standard(Draft)of Yi Medicinal Material"Qibujing"in Sichuan Province stipulate that the water content should not exceed 12.0%,the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%,and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5%.展开更多
This paper is the first of a series dealing with morphological characteristics,biological cycle and damage importance of insect species newly identified as cone and seed pests in Northeastern China. The spruce cone mo...This paper is the first of a series dealing with morphological characteristics,biological cycle and damage importance of insect species newly identified as cone and seed pests in Northeastern China. The spruce cone moth Barbara fulgens appears to be a serious pest of korean spruce cones in Heilongiiang province.展开更多
Human-dominated landscapes provide heterogeneous wildlife habitat. Conservation of habitat specialists, like red pandas Ailurus fulgens, inhabiting such landscapes is challenging. Therefore, information on resource us...Human-dominated landscapes provide heterogeneous wildlife habitat. Conservation of habitat specialists, like red pandas Ailurus fulgens, inhabiting such landscapes is challenging. Therefore, information on resource use across spatial and temporal scales could enable informed-decisionmaking with better conservation outcomes. We aimed to examine the effect of geo-physical, vegetation, and disturbance variables on fine-scalehabitat selection of red pandas in one such landscape. We equipped 10 red pandas with GPS collars in eastern Nepal in 2019 and monitoredthem for 1 year. Our analysis was based on a generalized-linear-mixed model. We found the combined effect of geo-physical, vegetation, anddisturbance variables resulted in differences in resource selection of red pandas and that the degree of response to these variables variedacross seasons. Human disturbances, especially road and cattle herding activities, affected habitat utilization throughout the year whereas othervariables were important only during restricted periods. For instance, geo-physical variables were influential in the premating and cub-rearingseasons while vegetation variables were important in all seasons other than premating. Red pandas selected steeper slopes with high solarinsolation in the premating season while they occupied elevated areas and preferred specific aspects in the cub-rearing season. Furthermore,the utilized areas had tall bamboo in the birthing and cub-rearing seasons while they also preferred diverse tree species and high shrub coverin the latter. Our study demonstrates the significance of season-specific management, suggests the importance of specific types of vegetationduring biologically crucial periods, and emphasizes the necessity to minimize disturbances throughout the year.展开更多
In order to investigate the change of reproductive behaviors and understand reproductive strategies of both male and female red pandas, one-year behavioral observation was conducted through the focal sampling method i...In order to investigate the change of reproductive behaviors and understand reproductive strategies of both male and female red pandas, one-year behavioral observation was conducted through the focal sampling method in the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding from December 1999 to November 2000. Our results indicated that reproductive behaviors showed significant differences between the estrous and non-estrous seasons. Frequencies of the rubbing anogenital, sniffing and licking marking were much higher in estrus than in non-estrus. Bleating only appeared in the estrus and can be regarded as an estrous indicator. The result also demonstrated that both male and females applied different reproductive behavioral strategies. Frequencies of activity, rubbing anogenital, licking and sniffing marking, and bleat were much higher in the male than in the female. However, those of resting and investigating were much lower in the male than in the female. This indicated that the male was more active than the female during the estrus and might imply that the male acts mainly as an estrous message sender, and the female as a message receiver in the estrous season.展开更多
Nursing behaviors of the captive red pandas were quantitatively studied by focal sampling methods in Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding from July to August, 2000. The results indicated that frequencies of a...Nursing behaviors of the captive red pandas were quantitatively studied by focal sampling methods in Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding from July to August, 2000. The results indicated that frequencies of activity and rest were low in the first three days after birth, and became higher as time went by. The frequency of licking cub was higher in the first day after birth and deserting cub was only observed in the seventh day. Frequencies of some behaviors, such as rest, licking cub, cherishing cub, sniffing cub, returning to shed and deserting cub, differed significantly in different phases of the first month after birth. Frequencies of licking cub, cherishing cub, sniffing cub and returning to shed were significantly higher in the pre-nursing period than in the mid-nursing and post-nursing periods. However, frequencies of rest and deserting cub were significantly higher in the post-nursing period than in the per-nursing and mid-nursing periods. The degree of maternal behaviors can be inferred from degree that the mother exposes her babies to the environment and the time that the mother leaves her shed.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1708005)Fourth National Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Program(2017)+1 种基金Liangshan Prefecture Technology Research,Development,Popularization and Application Project(17YYJS0084)Special Research Fund Project for the Basic Research in Central Colleges and Universities(2020NGD01).
文摘[Objectives]To determine the water content,total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content of Yi medicinal material"Qibujing",so as to provide experimental basis for establishing the Quality Standard(Draft)of Yi Medicinal Material"Qibujing"in Sichuan Province.[Methods]According to the second method(drying method)in 0832 water content determination method and 2301 ash content determination method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 Edition),it was determined,respectively,and the data were processed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and DPS 7.05 data processing system.[Results]All the 14 batches of sample met the stipulation that the water content should not exceed 12.0%,the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%,and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5%under"Guan Zhong-(Qibujing)"in the 2005 edition of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard.There was a negative correlation between water content,acid-insoluble ash content and altitude,and a positive correlation between total ash content and altitude.[Conclusions]It is suggested that Quality Standard(Draft)of Yi Medicinal Material"Qibujing"in Sichuan Province stipulate that the water content should not exceed 12.0%,the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%,and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5%.
文摘This paper is the first of a series dealing with morphological characteristics,biological cycle and damage importance of insect species newly identified as cone and seed pests in Northeastern China. The spruce cone moth Barbara fulgens appears to be a serious pest of korean spruce cones in Heilongiiang province.
基金the University of Queensland’s Animal Ethics Committee(SAFS/133/19/NEPAL)the Department of Forests and Soil Conservation,Government of Nepal(DFSC-521/075/076 and DFSC-244/076/077).
文摘Human-dominated landscapes provide heterogeneous wildlife habitat. Conservation of habitat specialists, like red pandas Ailurus fulgens, inhabiting such landscapes is challenging. Therefore, information on resource use across spatial and temporal scales could enable informed-decisionmaking with better conservation outcomes. We aimed to examine the effect of geo-physical, vegetation, and disturbance variables on fine-scalehabitat selection of red pandas in one such landscape. We equipped 10 red pandas with GPS collars in eastern Nepal in 2019 and monitoredthem for 1 year. Our analysis was based on a generalized-linear-mixed model. We found the combined effect of geo-physical, vegetation, anddisturbance variables resulted in differences in resource selection of red pandas and that the degree of response to these variables variedacross seasons. Human disturbances, especially road and cattle herding activities, affected habitat utilization throughout the year whereas othervariables were important only during restricted periods. For instance, geo-physical variables were influential in the premating and cub-rearingseasons while vegetation variables were important in all seasons other than premating. Red pandas selected steeper slopes with high solarinsolation in the premating season while they occupied elevated areas and preferred specific aspects in the cub-rearing season. Furthermore,the utilized areas had tall bamboo in the birthing and cub-rearing seasons while they also preferred diverse tree species and high shrub coverin the latter. Our study demonstrates the significance of season-specific management, suggests the importance of specific types of vegetationduring biologically crucial periods, and emphasizes the necessity to minimize disturbances throughout the year.
文摘In order to investigate the change of reproductive behaviors and understand reproductive strategies of both male and female red pandas, one-year behavioral observation was conducted through the focal sampling method in the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding from December 1999 to November 2000. Our results indicated that reproductive behaviors showed significant differences between the estrous and non-estrous seasons. Frequencies of the rubbing anogenital, sniffing and licking marking were much higher in estrus than in non-estrus. Bleating only appeared in the estrus and can be regarded as an estrous indicator. The result also demonstrated that both male and females applied different reproductive behavioral strategies. Frequencies of activity, rubbing anogenital, licking and sniffing marking, and bleat were much higher in the male than in the female. However, those of resting and investigating were much lower in the male than in the female. This indicated that the male was more active than the female during the estrus and might imply that the male acts mainly as an estrous message sender, and the female as a message receiver in the estrous season.
文摘Nursing behaviors of the captive red pandas were quantitatively studied by focal sampling methods in Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding from July to August, 2000. The results indicated that frequencies of activity and rest were low in the first three days after birth, and became higher as time went by. The frequency of licking cub was higher in the first day after birth and deserting cub was only observed in the seventh day. Frequencies of some behaviors, such as rest, licking cub, cherishing cub, sniffing cub, returning to shed and deserting cub, differed significantly in different phases of the first month after birth. Frequencies of licking cub, cherishing cub, sniffing cub and returning to shed were significantly higher in the pre-nursing period than in the mid-nursing and post-nursing periods. However, frequencies of rest and deserting cub were significantly higher in the post-nursing period than in the per-nursing and mid-nursing periods. The degree of maternal behaviors can be inferred from degree that the mother exposes her babies to the environment and the time that the mother leaves her shed.
