The fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is a major constraint to mango production in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two types of food substrates in optimizing the mass re...The fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is a major constraint to mango production in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two types of food substrates in optimizing the mass rearing of B. dorsalis larvae. For this purpose, 200 eggs of B. dorsalis were divided into four batches of 50 eggs and incubated in Petri dishes containing the different food substrates (Diet 1 and Diet 2). This method was used to evaluate the rate and duration of egg hatching, as well as the development time of the different larval stages. In addition, 1200 pupae divided into four batches of 300 pupae, contained in PVC tubes, were placed inside the rearing cages to monitor the emergence of B. dorsalis. Ten pairs of B. dorsalis were placed in rearing cages and fed with Enzymatic Yeast Hydrolysate and sugar to evaluate the fecundity of female flies and the survival of both sexes. The developmental cycle length in Diet 1 and Diet 2 was 23.03 days and 23.24 days, respectively. Fecundity duration ranged from 57.75 ± 2.29 to 109.81 ± 3.81 days for females from Diet 1 and Diet 2, respectively. The pupal hatching rate varied significantly (P B. dorsalis, but the spawning index was 4 times higher with Diet 1. Most of the components of Diet 1 are available on the local market and are cheaper. Thus, we recommend the use of Diet 1 for B. dorsalis larvae mass rearing.展开更多
In recent years,dramatic progress has been made in the genomics of fruit crops.The publication of a dozen fruit crop genomes represents a milestone for both functional genomics and breeding programs in fruit crops.Rap...In recent years,dramatic progress has been made in the genomics of fruit crops.The publication of a dozen fruit crop genomes represents a milestone for both functional genomics and breeding programs in fruit crops.Rapid advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have revolutionized the manner and scale of genomics in fruit crops.Research on fruit crops is encompassing a wide range of biological questions which are unique and cannot be addressed in a model plant such as Arabidopsis.This review summarizes recent achievements of research on the genome,transcriptome,proteome,miRNAs and epigenome of fruit crops.展开更多
Over the past 10 years significant advances have been made towards the description of genetics and molecular mechanisms controlling grapevine berry growth. Regardless of this, many aspects of early fruit morphogenesis...Over the past 10 years significant advances have been made towards the description of genetics and molecular mechanisms controlling grapevine berry growth. Regardless of this, many aspects of early fruit morphogenesis and its development control remain to be elucidated. In an attempt to understand gene expression patterns associated with the berry growth development, the contrasting phenotype between the cv. Isabel (Vitis labrusca L.) and its early berry development mutant “Isabel Precoce” has been explored by a candidate gene approach. “Isabel Precoce” (Vitis labrusca L.) was confirmed as an EDV (Essentially Derived Variety) of Isabel, with a 30-35-day reduction in the berry growth phase when compared to the wild type and thus, it constitutes an informative model to investigate many aspects of fruit growth and development. Phenotypic analysis showed that “Isabel Precoce” develops fruits that are smaller in diameter and volume despite of following similar development kinetics. The expression of many genes associated with plant growth and development (MIKCC-type MADS box genes), sugar transport and with the control of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway have been evaluated. The majority of the genes presented a remarkably similar transcription profile. However, a higher induction of transcript accumulation for some genes has been observed in the “Isabel Precoce” genetic background.展开更多
The phytohormone auxin is implied in steering various developmental decisions during plant morphogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner.Auxin maxima have been shown to maintain meristematic activity,for example,o...The phytohormone auxin is implied in steering various developmental decisions during plant morphogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner.Auxin maxima have been shown to maintain meristematic activity,for example,of the root apical meristem,and position new sites of outgrowth,such as during lateral root initiation and phyllotaxis.More recently,it has been demonstrated that sites of auxin minima also provide positional information.In the developingArabidopsis fruit,auxin minima are required for correct differentiation of the valve margin.It remains unclear,however,how this auxin minimum is generated and maintained.Here,we employ a systems biology approach to model auxin transport based on experimental observations.This allows us to determine the minimal requirements for its establishment.Our simulations reveal that two alternative processes-which we coin "flux-barrier" and "flux-passage"-are both able to generate an auxin minimum,but under different parameter settings.Both models are in principle able to yield similar auxin profiles but present qualitatively distinct patterns of auxin flux.The models were tested by tissue-specific inducible ablation,revealing that the auxin minimum in the fruit is most likely generated by a flux-passage process.Model predictions were further supported through 3D PIN localization imaging and implementing experimentally observed transporter localization.Through such an experimental-modeling cycle,we predict how the auxin minimum gradually matures during fruit development to ensure timely fruit opening and seed dispersal.展开更多
The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel), is among the most destructive fruit/vegetable-eating agricultural pests in the world, particularly in Asian countries such as China. Because of its widespread distr...The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel), is among the most destructive fruit/vegetable-eating agricultural pests in the world, particularly in Asian countries such as China. Because of its widespread distribution, invasive ability, pest status, and economic losses to fruit and vegetable crops, this insect species is viewed as an organism warranting severe quarantine restrictions by many countries in the world. To understand the characteristics and potential for expansion of this pest, this article assembled current knowledge on the occurrence and comprehensive control of the Oriental fruit fly in China concerning the following key aspects: invasion and expansion process, biological and ecological characteristics, dynamic monitoring, chemical ecology, function of symbionts, mechanism of insecticide resistance, control index, and comprehensive control and countermeasures. Some suggestions for the further control and study of this pest are also proposed.展开更多
文摘The fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is a major constraint to mango production in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two types of food substrates in optimizing the mass rearing of B. dorsalis larvae. For this purpose, 200 eggs of B. dorsalis were divided into four batches of 50 eggs and incubated in Petri dishes containing the different food substrates (Diet 1 and Diet 2). This method was used to evaluate the rate and duration of egg hatching, as well as the development time of the different larval stages. In addition, 1200 pupae divided into four batches of 300 pupae, contained in PVC tubes, were placed inside the rearing cages to monitor the emergence of B. dorsalis. Ten pairs of B. dorsalis were placed in rearing cages and fed with Enzymatic Yeast Hydrolysate and sugar to evaluate the fecundity of female flies and the survival of both sexes. The developmental cycle length in Diet 1 and Diet 2 was 23.03 days and 23.24 days, respectively. Fecundity duration ranged from 57.75 ± 2.29 to 109.81 ± 3.81 days for females from Diet 1 and Diet 2, respectively. The pupal hatching rate varied significantly (P B. dorsalis, but the spawning index was 4 times higher with Diet 1. Most of the components of Diet 1 are available on the local market and are cheaper. Thus, we recommend the use of Diet 1 for B. dorsalis larvae mass rearing.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31330066,31221062 and 31222047)provided financial support for this study.
文摘In recent years,dramatic progress has been made in the genomics of fruit crops.The publication of a dozen fruit crop genomes represents a milestone for both functional genomics and breeding programs in fruit crops.Rapid advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have revolutionized the manner and scale of genomics in fruit crops.Research on fruit crops is encompassing a wide range of biological questions which are unique and cannot be addressed in a model plant such as Arabidopsis.This review summarizes recent achievements of research on the genome,transcriptome,proteome,miRNAs and epigenome of fruit crops.
文摘Over the past 10 years significant advances have been made towards the description of genetics and molecular mechanisms controlling grapevine berry growth. Regardless of this, many aspects of early fruit morphogenesis and its development control remain to be elucidated. In an attempt to understand gene expression patterns associated with the berry growth development, the contrasting phenotype between the cv. Isabel (Vitis labrusca L.) and its early berry development mutant “Isabel Precoce” has been explored by a candidate gene approach. “Isabel Precoce” (Vitis labrusca L.) was confirmed as an EDV (Essentially Derived Variety) of Isabel, with a 30-35-day reduction in the berry growth phase when compared to the wild type and thus, it constitutes an informative model to investigate many aspects of fruit growth and development. Phenotypic analysis showed that “Isabel Precoce” develops fruits that are smaller in diameter and volume despite of following similar development kinetics. The expression of many genes associated with plant growth and development (MIKCC-type MADS box genes), sugar transport and with the control of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway have been evaluated. The majority of the genes presented a remarkably similar transcription profile. However, a higher induction of transcript accumulation for some genes has been observed in the “Isabel Precoce” genetic background.
文摘The phytohormone auxin is implied in steering various developmental decisions during plant morphogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner.Auxin maxima have been shown to maintain meristematic activity,for example,of the root apical meristem,and position new sites of outgrowth,such as during lateral root initiation and phyllotaxis.More recently,it has been demonstrated that sites of auxin minima also provide positional information.In the developingArabidopsis fruit,auxin minima are required for correct differentiation of the valve margin.It remains unclear,however,how this auxin minimum is generated and maintained.Here,we employ a systems biology approach to model auxin transport based on experimental observations.This allows us to determine the minimal requirements for its establishment.Our simulations reveal that two alternative processes-which we coin "flux-barrier" and "flux-passage"-are both able to generate an auxin minimum,but under different parameter settings.Both models are in principle able to yield similar auxin profiles but present qualitatively distinct patterns of auxin flux.The models were tested by tissue-specific inducible ablation,revealing that the auxin minimum in the fruit is most likely generated by a flux-passage process.Model predictions were further supported through 3D PIN localization imaging and implementing experimentally observed transporter localization.Through such an experimental-modeling cycle,we predict how the auxin minimum gradually matures during fruit development to ensure timely fruit opening and seed dispersal.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1201200)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project,China(201601010179)
文摘The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel), is among the most destructive fruit/vegetable-eating agricultural pests in the world, particularly in Asian countries such as China. Because of its widespread distribution, invasive ability, pest status, and economic losses to fruit and vegetable crops, this insect species is viewed as an organism warranting severe quarantine restrictions by many countries in the world. To understand the characteristics and potential for expansion of this pest, this article assembled current knowledge on the occurrence and comprehensive control of the Oriental fruit fly in China concerning the following key aspects: invasion and expansion process, biological and ecological characteristics, dynamic monitoring, chemical ecology, function of symbionts, mechanism of insecticide resistance, control index, and comprehensive control and countermeasures. Some suggestions for the further control and study of this pest are also proposed.
文摘为筛选适合樱桃果酒发酵的优良酿酒酵母,从樱桃及土壤中采集样本,经2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride,TTC)显色法初筛,果汁发酵法复筛,结合在不同条件下的菌株发酵耐受性实验,筛选出具有较强产乙醇能力和良好耐受性的酵母,然后对目的菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,并运用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(headspace solid phase micro-extraction combine with gas chromatography mass spectrometry,HS-SPME/GC-MS)与香气活度值(odor activity value,OAV)分析果酒香气成分。结果表明:编号为J35的酵母菌,在果汁含量为35%、糖度25°Bx条件下产乙醇量达到12.57%vol;其在糖度45°Bx、pH 2.0、酒精度18%vol、SO2质量浓度250 mg/L的条件下具有较好产气性能;经菌株形态和rDNA的相似性比对后,J35鉴定为酿酒酵母;其发酵的樱桃果酒为深红色,口感柔和、香气馥郁,含有辛酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯、异戊醇、苯乙醇、苯甲醛、辛酸、β-香茅醇等樱桃酒典型香气成分。
