At subzero temperature, the startup capability and performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) deteriorates markedly. The object of this work is to study the degradation mechanism of key components o...At subzero temperature, the startup capability and performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) deteriorates markedly. The object of this work is to study the degradation mechanism of key components of PEMFC-membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) and seek feasible measures to avoid degradation. The effect of freeze/thaw cycles on the structure of MEA is investigated based on porosity and SEM measurement. The performance of a single cell was also tested before and after repetitious freeze/thaw cycles. The experimental results indicated that the performance of a PEMFC decreased along with the total operating time as well as the pore size distribution shifting and micro configuration changing. However, when the redundant water had been removed by gas purging, the performance of the PEMFC stack was almost resumed when it experienced again the same subzero temperature test. These results show that it is necessary to remove the water in PEMFCs to maintain stable performance under subzero temperature and gas purging is proved to be the effective operation.展开更多
岩石的变形及破坏是高寒地区较为常见的工程地质问题,为了揭示岩石在冻融环境下的损伤及变形破坏演化深层规律,选取西藏如美水电站中坝址右岸出露的英安岩为研究对象进行深入分析。首先利用扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪(scanning electron micr...岩石的变形及破坏是高寒地区较为常见的工程地质问题,为了揭示岩石在冻融环境下的损伤及变形破坏演化深层规律,选取西藏如美水电站中坝址右岸出露的英安岩为研究对象进行深入分析。首先利用扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪(scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer,SEM-EDS)对英安岩进行矿物成分分析,随后开展单轴压缩试验并结合相关、偏相关分析确定对试样力学特性影响最大的矿物成分。通过模拟研究区真实的冻融环境开展冻融循环试验,结合不同冻融次数下试样物理性质及细观结构的变化情况进行深入分析并采用数值仿真模拟重现冻融循环过程中试样内部温度及应力应变的演化特征,揭示英安岩冻融损伤劣化的力学机理。研究结果表明:英安岩呈现脆性破坏主要是由斜长石和石英的损伤劣化所引起的,其中斜长石和石英矿物晶体间产生的脆性裂纹以及两者游离态晶体颗粒的析出是英安岩劣化微裂隙扩展的关键因素,沿石英和斜长石晶体晶界结构所产生的脆性断裂是英安岩细观损伤延伸扩展的主要形式。数值模拟结果表明:冻融循环过程中英安岩内部的温度变化响应及分布形态主要受细观结构控制,裂隙端部所产生的拉应力及剪应力集中区是裂隙延伸扩展的力学基础。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20206030) and Ministry of Science and Technology 863 Hi-Technology Research and Development Program of China (2005AA501660).
文摘At subzero temperature, the startup capability and performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) deteriorates markedly. The object of this work is to study the degradation mechanism of key components of PEMFC-membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) and seek feasible measures to avoid degradation. The effect of freeze/thaw cycles on the structure of MEA is investigated based on porosity and SEM measurement. The performance of a single cell was also tested before and after repetitious freeze/thaw cycles. The experimental results indicated that the performance of a PEMFC decreased along with the total operating time as well as the pore size distribution shifting and micro configuration changing. However, when the redundant water had been removed by gas purging, the performance of the PEMFC stack was almost resumed when it experienced again the same subzero temperature test. These results show that it is necessary to remove the water in PEMFCs to maintain stable performance under subzero temperature and gas purging is proved to be the effective operation.
