Rice-duck co-culture is an integrated farming technology that benefits rice production, grain quality, and ecological sustainability in paddy fields. However, little is known about the effects of rice-duck co-culture ...Rice-duck co-culture is an integrated farming technology that benefits rice production, grain quality, and ecological sustainability in paddy fields. However, little is known about the effects of rice-duck co-culture on enzyme activity involved in the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), the volatile that gives fragrant rice its' distinctive and sought-after aroma. The present study aimed to examine the influence of rice-duck co-culture on the photosynthesis, yield, grain quality, rice aroma, and the enzymes involved in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in the cultivar Meixiangzhan 2 during the early and late rice growing seasons of 2016 in Guangzhou, China. We compared the rice grown in paddy fields with and without ducks. We found that rice-duck co-culture not only improved the yield and quality of fragrant rice grain, but also promoted the precursors of 2-AP biosynthesis formation and 2-AP accumulation in the grain. Grain 2-AP content in rice-duck co-culture was noticeably increased with 9.60% and 20.81% in early and late seasons, respectively. Proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) (precursors of 2-AP biosynthesis) and the activity of enzymes such as proline dehydrogenase (ProDH), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and Δ1 pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS) were all improved by 10.15%–12.99%, 32.91%–47.75%, 17.81%–26.71%, 6.25%–21.78%, and 10.58%–38.87% under rice-duck co-culture in both seasons, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that rice-duck co-culture is an environmentally-friendly and sustainable approach to improving rice aroma and grain quality of fragrant rice.展开更多
Fragrant rice has a high market value,and it is a popular rice type among consumers owing to its pleasant flavor.Plantation methods,nitrogen(N)fertilizers,and silicon(Si)fertilizers can affect the grain yield and frag...Fragrant rice has a high market value,and it is a popular rice type among consumers owing to its pleasant flavor.Plantation methods,nitrogen(N)fertilizers,and silicon(Si)fertilizers can affect the grain yield and fragrance of fragrant rice.However,the core commercial rice production attributes,namely the head rice yield(HRY)and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content of fragrant rice,under various nitrogen and silicon(N-Si)fertilization levels and different plantation methods remain unknown.The field experiment in this study was performed in the early seasons of 2018 and 2019 with two popular indica fragrant rice cultivars(Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan).They were grown under six N-Si fertilization treatments(combinations of two levels of Si fertilizer,0 kg Si ha^(−1)(Si0)and 150 kg Si ha^(−1)(Si1),and three levels of N fertilizer,0 kg N ha^(−1)(N0),150 kg N ha^(−1)(N1),and 220 kg N ha^(−1)(N2))and three plantation methods(artificial transplanting(AT),mechanical transplanting(MT),and mechanical direct-seeding(MD)).The results showed that the N-Si fertilization treatments and all the plantation methods significantly affected the HRY and 2-AP content and related parameters of the two different fragrant rice cultivars.Compared with the Si0N0 treatment,the N-Si fertilization treatments resulted in higher HRY and 2-AP contents.The rates of brown rice,milled rice,head rice,and chalky rice of the fragrant rice also improved with the N-Si fertilization treatments.The N-Si fertilization treatments increased the activities of N metabolism enzymes and the accumulation of N and Si in various parts of the fragrant rice,and affected their antioxidant response parameters.The key parameters for the HRY and 2-AP content were assessed by redundancy analysis.Furthermore,the structural equation model revealed that the Si and N accumulation levels indirectly affected the HRY by affecting the N metabolism enzyme activity,N use efficiency,and grain quality of fragrant rice.Moreover,high N and Si accumulation directly promoted 展开更多
China has a rich resource of fragrant japonica rice that is gaining increasing consumers’ interests.In the present study,an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was employed to investiga...China has a rich resource of fragrant japonica rice that is gaining increasing consumers’ interests.In the present study,an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was employed to investigate the volatile profile of Chinese fragrant and non-fragrant japonica varieties.Partial least square discriminative analysis (PLS-DA) along with univariate analysis was taken to seek specific markers in raw and cooked Chinese japonica rice distinguishing fragrant and non-fragrant varieties.Volatile profile of raw Chinese japonica rice dominated by alkanes was completely different from that of cooked rice predominated by aldehydes.Thirteen and eleven volatile compounds were selected as the potential discriminative markers in raw and cooked Chinese japonica rice,respectively.Only 2-acetylpyrrole and decanal served as the specific marker in both raw and cooked Chinese japonica rice.Fragrant Chinese japonica rice varieties contained more 2-acetylpyrrole,(E )-2-octenal,nonanal,1-tetradecene,decanal and (E )-2-decenal in raw rice.While fragrant Chinese japonica rice varieties contained more 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline,2-acetylpyrrole,1-hexanol,decanal and indole in cooked rice.The results provided an in-depth understanding of volatile variation in raw and cooked form of aromatic and non-aromatic cultivars and will benefit rice adulteration identification and marker-assisted flavor breeding in the future.展开更多
Sorghum,the fifth largest cereal crop,has high value as a staple food and raw material for liquor and vinegar brewing.Due to its high biomass and quality,it is also used as the second most planted silage resource.No f...Sorghum,the fifth largest cereal crop,has high value as a staple food and raw material for liquor and vinegar brewing.Due to its high biomass and quality,it is also used as the second most planted silage resource.No fragrant sorghums are currently on the market.Through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Sb BADH2,we obtained sorghum lines with extraordinary aromatic smell in both seeds and leaves.Animal feeding experiments showed that fragrant sorghum leaves were attractable.We believe this advantage will produce great value in the sorghum market for both grain and whole biomass forage.展开更多
To predict the weight-loss ratio of Korla fragrant pears effectively,improve commodity value and study the variation laws of the weight-loss ratio of damaged fragrant pears during storage,this study predicted the weig...To predict the weight-loss ratio of Korla fragrant pears effectively,improve commodity value and study the variation laws of the weight-loss ratio of damaged fragrant pears during storage,this study predicted the weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears by utilizing the generalized regression neural network(GRNN),support vector regression(SVR),partial least squares regression(PLSR)and error back propagation neural network(BPNN).The prediction performances of GRNN,SVR,PLSR and BPNN models were compared comprehensively,and the optimal model was determined.In addition,the optimal prediction model was verified.The results show that weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears increases gradually with the extension of storage time.During storage,the weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears is positively related to the degree of damage.The trained GRNN,SVR,PLSR and BPNN models can be used to predict the weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears.The BPNN model is the most accurate in predicting the weight-loss ratio of damaged fragrant pears(R^(2)=0.9929;RMSE=0.2138).It has also been proved to have good predictive effect in production practice(R^(2)=0.9377,RMSE=0.7138).The research findings can provide references to predict the delivery quality and time of delivery of Korla fragrant pears.展开更多
The fragrance of rice is one of the premium characteristics that breeders want to include in rice varieties due to the higher market value. Nucleotide deletions in exons 2(7 bp) and 7(8 bp) of Betaine Aldehyde Dehydro...The fragrance of rice is one of the premium characteristics that breeders want to include in rice varieties due to the higher market value. Nucleotide deletions in exons 2(7 bp) and 7(8 bp) of Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2(BADH2) are associated with fragrance in rice. In this study, a new 13 bp deletion in exon 7 of the BADH2 gene was discovered in the Nang Thom Cho Dao(NTCD) variety, and the mutation has been closely related to the genetic background of indica subspecies through the Bayesian phylogenetic approach and haplotype network analysis of the 3 000 Rice Genomes Project. In addition, a set of functional markers(EX07-13F, EX07-13RN, and EX07-13RM) identified the 13 bp deletion only within NTCD(no amplified band) compared with both non-aromatic and other aromatic rice varieties(110 bp band). The deletion of 13 bases instead of 8 bases in exon 7 of BADH2 caused a premature stop codon, which down-regulated the expression of the BADH2 transcript while associated with up-regulation of OsP5CS and the high amount of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. It is potential to use the deletion in exon 7 of the BADH2 gene as a novel marker for adulteration and breeding of fragrant rice varieties, particularly for NTCD.展开更多
Korla fragrant pear(KFP)with special fragrance is a unique cultivar in Xinjiang,China.In order to explore the biosynthesis molecular mechanism of chlorogenic acid(CGA)in KFP,the samples at different development period...Korla fragrant pear(KFP)with special fragrance is a unique cultivar in Xinjiang,China.In order to explore the biosynthesis molecular mechanism of chlorogenic acid(CGA)in KFP,the samples at different development periods were collected for transcriptome analysis.High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that CGA contents of KFP at 88,118 and 163 days after full bloom were(20.96±1.84),(12.01±0.91)and(7.16±0.41)mg/100 g,respectively,and decreased with the fruit development.Pears from these typical 3 periods were selected for de novo transcriptome assemble and 68059 unigenes were assembled from 444037960 clean reads.One‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’pathway including 57 unigenes,11 PALs,1 PTAL,64CLs,9 C4Hs,25 HCTs and 5 C3’Hs related to CGA biosynthesis was determined.It was found that the expression levels of 11 differentially expressed genes including 1 PAL,2 C4Hs,34CLs and 5 HCTs were consistent with the change of CGA content.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis further showed that 8 unigenes involved in CGA biosynthesis were consistent with the RNA-seq data.These findings will provide a comprehensive understanding and valuable information on the genetic engineering and molecular breeding in KFP.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the changes in soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus content in the decomposition process of Korla fragrant pear branches by indoor mixed culture.[Methods]The branches of Korla fragran...[Objectives]To investigate the changes in soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus content in the decomposition process of Korla fragrant pear branches by indoor mixed culture.[Methods]The branches of Korla fragrant pear in the orchard were collected and returned to the field for a period of 150 d for indoor mixed culture.[Results]Different ages of Korla fragrant pear branches have different effects on soil nutrient content during the simulated return to field decomposition process.Compared with the control in the same period,the treatment of returning to field reached a significant level(P<0.05).Compared with the control,the average values of organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus content in treatment 1 and treatment 2 increased by 2.16 times and 1.93 times,61%and 59%,5.88 times and 6.88 times,respectively;compared with the control,the average increase performance of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the two treatments was basically the same,and the treatment 2 was the best;compared with the control,the average total phosphorus content of treatment 1 and treatment 2 increased but not significantly.[Conclusions]The contents of soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus were all increased during the decomposition of pear branches,and the overall improvement effect of 10-year-old trees was better than that of 5-year-old trees.Returning the pruned branches to the field can provide a reliable theoretical basis for solving the problem of organic fertilizer shortage in orchards,and also can ensure technical support for improving soil fertility and improving the rhizosphere micro-environment of pear trees.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province (2015B090903077, 2016A020210094, 2017A090905030), Chinathe Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou (201604020062), China+1 种基金the Innovation Team Construction Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Guangdong Province (2016LM1100), Chinathe Overseas Joint Doctoral Training Program of South China Agricultural University (2018LHPY010), China
文摘Rice-duck co-culture is an integrated farming technology that benefits rice production, grain quality, and ecological sustainability in paddy fields. However, little is known about the effects of rice-duck co-culture on enzyme activity involved in the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), the volatile that gives fragrant rice its' distinctive and sought-after aroma. The present study aimed to examine the influence of rice-duck co-culture on the photosynthesis, yield, grain quality, rice aroma, and the enzymes involved in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in the cultivar Meixiangzhan 2 during the early and late rice growing seasons of 2016 in Guangzhou, China. We compared the rice grown in paddy fields with and without ducks. We found that rice-duck co-culture not only improved the yield and quality of fragrant rice grain, but also promoted the precursors of 2-AP biosynthesis formation and 2-AP accumulation in the grain. Grain 2-AP content in rice-duck co-culture was noticeably increased with 9.60% and 20.81% in early and late seasons, respectively. Proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) (precursors of 2-AP biosynthesis) and the activity of enzymes such as proline dehydrogenase (ProDH), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and Δ1 pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS) were all improved by 10.15%–12.99%, 32.91%–47.75%, 17.81%–26.71%, 6.25%–21.78%, and 10.58%–38.87% under rice-duck co-culture in both seasons, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that rice-duck co-culture is an environmentally-friendly and sustainable approach to improving rice aroma and grain quality of fragrant rice.
基金This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601244 and 31971843)the Guangdong Provincial Key Field Research and Development Plan Project,China(2019B020221003)the Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Guangdong Province,China(2020KJ105).
文摘Fragrant rice has a high market value,and it is a popular rice type among consumers owing to its pleasant flavor.Plantation methods,nitrogen(N)fertilizers,and silicon(Si)fertilizers can affect the grain yield and fragrance of fragrant rice.However,the core commercial rice production attributes,namely the head rice yield(HRY)and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content of fragrant rice,under various nitrogen and silicon(N-Si)fertilization levels and different plantation methods remain unknown.The field experiment in this study was performed in the early seasons of 2018 and 2019 with two popular indica fragrant rice cultivars(Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan).They were grown under six N-Si fertilization treatments(combinations of two levels of Si fertilizer,0 kg Si ha^(−1)(Si0)and 150 kg Si ha^(−1)(Si1),and three levels of N fertilizer,0 kg N ha^(−1)(N0),150 kg N ha^(−1)(N1),and 220 kg N ha^(−1)(N2))and three plantation methods(artificial transplanting(AT),mechanical transplanting(MT),and mechanical direct-seeding(MD)).The results showed that the N-Si fertilization treatments and all the plantation methods significantly affected the HRY and 2-AP content and related parameters of the two different fragrant rice cultivars.Compared with the Si0N0 treatment,the N-Si fertilization treatments resulted in higher HRY and 2-AP contents.The rates of brown rice,milled rice,head rice,and chalky rice of the fragrant rice also improved with the N-Si fertilization treatments.The N-Si fertilization treatments increased the activities of N metabolism enzymes and the accumulation of N and Si in various parts of the fragrant rice,and affected their antioxidant response parameters.The key parameters for the HRY and 2-AP content were assessed by redundancy analysis.Furthermore,the structural equation model revealed that the Si and N accumulation levels indirectly affected the HRY by affecting the N metabolism enzyme activity,N use efficiency,and grain quality of fragrant rice.Moreover,high N and Si accumulation directly promoted
基金greatly appreciate National Japonica Rice Engineering Technology Research Center and Yangzhou University for rice samples provided.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Support of China(No.31872905)the National Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Science&Technology Support of China(2018YFD0400604)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671344)the Major scientific and technological innovation project of Shandong Province(2019JZZY010722)the foundation of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking,Qilu University of Technology,Shandong Academy of Science(No.KF201910)the National Natural Science Support of China(32001617).
文摘China has a rich resource of fragrant japonica rice that is gaining increasing consumers’ interests.In the present study,an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was employed to investigate the volatile profile of Chinese fragrant and non-fragrant japonica varieties.Partial least square discriminative analysis (PLS-DA) along with univariate analysis was taken to seek specific markers in raw and cooked Chinese japonica rice distinguishing fragrant and non-fragrant varieties.Volatile profile of raw Chinese japonica rice dominated by alkanes was completely different from that of cooked rice predominated by aldehydes.Thirteen and eleven volatile compounds were selected as the potential discriminative markers in raw and cooked Chinese japonica rice,respectively.Only 2-acetylpyrrole and decanal served as the specific marker in both raw and cooked Chinese japonica rice.Fragrant Chinese japonica rice varieties contained more 2-acetylpyrrole,(E )-2-octenal,nonanal,1-tetradecene,decanal and (E )-2-decenal in raw rice.While fragrant Chinese japonica rice varieties contained more 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline,2-acetylpyrrole,1-hexanol,decanal and indole in cooked rice.The results provided an in-depth understanding of volatile variation in raw and cooked form of aromatic and non-aromatic cultivars and will benefit rice adulteration identification and marker-assisted flavor breeding in the future.
基金supported by a grant from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant No.XDA24010306(to Q.X.)supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Sorghum,the fifth largest cereal crop,has high value as a staple food and raw material for liquor and vinegar brewing.Due to its high biomass and quality,it is also used as the second most planted silage resource.No fragrant sorghums are currently on the market.Through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Sb BADH2,we obtained sorghum lines with extraordinary aromatic smell in both seeds and leaves.Animal feeding experiments showed that fragrant sorghum leaves were attractable.We believe this advantage will produce great value in the sorghum market for both grain and whole biomass forage.
基金the Chinese Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.32260618 and 32202139)the Bingtuan Guiding Science and Technology Plan Program(Grant No.2022ZD094)for financial support.
文摘To predict the weight-loss ratio of Korla fragrant pears effectively,improve commodity value and study the variation laws of the weight-loss ratio of damaged fragrant pears during storage,this study predicted the weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears by utilizing the generalized regression neural network(GRNN),support vector regression(SVR),partial least squares regression(PLSR)and error back propagation neural network(BPNN).The prediction performances of GRNN,SVR,PLSR and BPNN models were compared comprehensively,and the optimal model was determined.In addition,the optimal prediction model was verified.The results show that weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears increases gradually with the extension of storage time.During storage,the weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears is positively related to the degree of damage.The trained GRNN,SVR,PLSR and BPNN models can be used to predict the weight-loss ratio of fragrant pears.The BPNN model is the most accurate in predicting the weight-loss ratio of damaged fragrant pears(R^(2)=0.9929;RMSE=0.2138).It has also been proved to have good predictive effect in production practice(R^(2)=0.9377,RMSE=0.7138).The research findings can provide references to predict the delivery quality and time of delivery of Korla fragrant pears.
基金funded in part by the Can Tho University Improvement Project VN14-P6 supported by a Japanese Official Development Assistance loan。
文摘The fragrance of rice is one of the premium characteristics that breeders want to include in rice varieties due to the higher market value. Nucleotide deletions in exons 2(7 bp) and 7(8 bp) of Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2(BADH2) are associated with fragrance in rice. In this study, a new 13 bp deletion in exon 7 of the BADH2 gene was discovered in the Nang Thom Cho Dao(NTCD) variety, and the mutation has been closely related to the genetic background of indica subspecies through the Bayesian phylogenetic approach and haplotype network analysis of the 3 000 Rice Genomes Project. In addition, a set of functional markers(EX07-13F, EX07-13RN, and EX07-13RM) identified the 13 bp deletion only within NTCD(no amplified band) compared with both non-aromatic and other aromatic rice varieties(110 bp band). The deletion of 13 bases instead of 8 bases in exon 7 of BADH2 caused a premature stop codon, which down-regulated the expression of the BADH2 transcript while associated with up-regulation of OsP5CS and the high amount of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. It is potential to use the deletion in exon 7 of the BADH2 gene as a novel marker for adulteration and breeding of fragrant rice varieties, particularly for NTCD.
基金supported by Major scientific and technological projects of XPCC(2020KWZ-012)。
文摘Korla fragrant pear(KFP)with special fragrance is a unique cultivar in Xinjiang,China.In order to explore the biosynthesis molecular mechanism of chlorogenic acid(CGA)in KFP,the samples at different development periods were collected for transcriptome analysis.High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that CGA contents of KFP at 88,118 and 163 days after full bloom were(20.96±1.84),(12.01±0.91)and(7.16±0.41)mg/100 g,respectively,and decreased with the fruit development.Pears from these typical 3 periods were selected for de novo transcriptome assemble and 68059 unigenes were assembled from 444037960 clean reads.One‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’pathway including 57 unigenes,11 PALs,1 PTAL,64CLs,9 C4Hs,25 HCTs and 5 C3’Hs related to CGA biosynthesis was determined.It was found that the expression levels of 11 differentially expressed genes including 1 PAL,2 C4Hs,34CLs and 5 HCTs were consistent with the change of CGA content.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis further showed that 8 unigenes involved in CGA biosynthesis were consistent with the RNA-seq data.These findings will provide a comprehensive understanding and valuable information on the genetic engineering and molecular breeding in KFP.
基金Supported by Key R&D Program of Hainan Province in 2021(ZDYF2021XDNY152).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the changes in soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus content in the decomposition process of Korla fragrant pear branches by indoor mixed culture.[Methods]The branches of Korla fragrant pear in the orchard were collected and returned to the field for a period of 150 d for indoor mixed culture.[Results]Different ages of Korla fragrant pear branches have different effects on soil nutrient content during the simulated return to field decomposition process.Compared with the control in the same period,the treatment of returning to field reached a significant level(P<0.05).Compared with the control,the average values of organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus content in treatment 1 and treatment 2 increased by 2.16 times and 1.93 times,61%and 59%,5.88 times and 6.88 times,respectively;compared with the control,the average increase performance of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of the two treatments was basically the same,and the treatment 2 was the best;compared with the control,the average total phosphorus content of treatment 1 and treatment 2 increased but not significantly.[Conclusions]The contents of soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus were all increased during the decomposition of pear branches,and the overall improvement effect of 10-year-old trees was better than that of 5-year-old trees.Returning the pruned branches to the field can provide a reliable theoretical basis for solving the problem of organic fertilizer shortage in orchards,and also can ensure technical support for improving soil fertility and improving the rhizosphere micro-environment of pear trees.
