分布式冷热电联供(combined cooling,heating and power,CCHP)系统是一种小型、临近用户的新型供能方式,可避免能量长距离传输过程损失,同时具有灵活、高效、环保特点,成为大规模、集中式供能方式的重要补充。中小型发电装置是分布式冷...分布式冷热电联供(combined cooling,heating and power,CCHP)系统是一种小型、临近用户的新型供能方式,可避免能量长距离传输过程损失,同时具有灵活、高效、环保特点,成为大规模、集中式供能方式的重要补充。中小型发电装置是分布式冷热电联供系统的核心,制冷和制热也都围绕发电装置余热展开。对适合分布式冷热电联供系统的2类中小型发电装置的基本工作原理、热力性能和相关研究进展进行综述。一类是以化石燃料为能源输入的中小型发电装置,包括微型燃气轮机、燃气内燃机、小型燃气轮机和燃料电池;另一类是以发电装置余热或太阳能集热等其他热源为能源输入的中小型发电装置,包括有机朗肯循环、正逆耦合循环、热声发电机等。最后,对2类中小型发电装置的优缺点进行对比分析,为分布式供能系统的发电装置选型、系统方案设计等提供参考。展开更多
The discovery and large-scale exploration of unconventional oil/gas resources since 1980s have been considered as the most important advancement in the history of petroleum geology;that has not only changed the balanc...The discovery and large-scale exploration of unconventional oil/gas resources since 1980s have been considered as the most important advancement in the history of petroleum geology;that has not only changed the balance of supply and demand in the global energy market,but also improved our understanding of the formation mechanisms and distribution characteristics of oil/gas reservoirs.However,what is the difference of conventional and unconventional resources and why they always related to each other in petroliferous basins is not clear.As the differences and correlations between unconventional and conventional resources are complex challenging issues and very critical for resources assessment and hydrocarbon exploration,this paper focused on studying the relationship of formations and distributions among different oil/gas reservoirs.Drilling results of 12,237 exploratory wells in 6 representative petroliferous basins of China and distribution characteristics for 52,926 oil/gas accumulations over the world were applied to clarify the formation conditions and genetic relations of different oil/gas reservoirs in a petroliferous basin,and then to establish a unified model to address the differences and correlations of conventional and unconventional reservoirs.In this model,conventional reservoirs formed in free hydrocarbon dynamic field with high porosity and permeability located above the boundary of hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit.Unconventional tight reservoirs formed in confined hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and permeability located between hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit and hydrocarbon accumulation depth limit.Shale oil/gas reservoirs formed in the bound hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and ultra-low permeability within the source rock layers.More than 75%of proved reserves around the world are discovered in the free hydrocarbon dynamic field,which is estimated to contain only 10%of originally generated hydrocarbons.Most of undiscovered resourc展开更多
Several Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) member states (OMSs) have updated their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) with the aim of achieving zero carbon emissions by 2050. Carbon neu...Several Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) member states (OMSs) have updated their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) with the aim of achieving zero carbon emissions by 2050. Carbon neutrality requires shifting from a linear carbon economy (LCE) to a circular carbon economy (CCE). Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, including reduction, recycle, reuse, removal, and storage technologies, represent an important strategy for achieving such a shift. Herein, we investigate the effects of CCS technology adoption in six OMSs—namely the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Algeria, and Iraq—by examining their Circular Carbon Economy Index (CCEI) scores, which reflect compliance with CCE-transition policies. Total CCEI, current performance CCEI dimension, and future enabler CCEI dimensions scores were compared among the aforementioned six OMSs and relative to Norway, which was used as a global-high CCEI reference standard. Specifically, CCEI general scope and CCEI oil scope dimension scores were compared. The KSA, Qatar, the UAE, and Kuwait had higher CCEI scores than Algeria and Iraq, reflecting their greater adoption of CCE-transition policies and greater emission-reducing modernization investments. The current performance CCEI scores of Algeria and Iraq appear to be buttressed to some extent by their greater natural carbon sink resources. Based on the findings, we recommend specific actions for OMSs to enhance their CCE transitions and mitigate the negative impacts associated with the associated investments, including: taking rapid practical steps to eliminate carbon oil industry emissions;detailed CCS planning by national oil companies;international cooperation and coordination;and increased investment in domestic CCS utilization infrastructure.展开更多
Novel technologies in consideration of industrial sustainability(IS)are in urgent need to satisfy the increasing demands from the society.IS realizes the production of materials while maintaining environmental and res...Novel technologies in consideration of industrial sustainability(IS)are in urgent need to satisfy the increasing demands from the society.IS realizes the production of materials while maintaining environmental and resource sustainability.The chemical materials used in CO2 capture and storage(CCS)technologies play a significant role in the disposal of greenhouse gas emissions coming from large stationary fossil-fired power plants,which breaks the principle of IS and brings severe environmental problems.This study aims at providing a detailed review of first-principles modeling(density functional theory,DFT)of materials in CO2 capture technologies.DFT analysis provides insight into the atomic properties of the studied systems and builds an efficient guidance of the future design of the materials used in CO2 capture technologies.Major materials including oxygen carriers,metal organic frameworks,membranes,zeolites,ionic liquids and some other promising candidates are considered.The computational studies bring the outcomes of the adsorption behaviors,structural characteristics and accurate force fields of the studied materials in short turn-around times at low cost.This review can stimulate the design of novel materials with specific target of CO2 capture and promote the industrial sustainability of fossil fuel combustion technologies.展开更多
With the increasing demand for fossil based energy and implementation of progressively strict environmental pollution control standards, treatment of a large amount of co-produced waters （CPWs） from fossil based ene...With the increasing demand for fossil based energy and implementation of progressively strict environmental pollution control standards, treatment of a large amount of co-produced waters （CPWs） from fossil based energy production has become increasingly important. Removal of bicarbonate with H2SO4 has been recently studied as a simple and cost-effective method to decrease the alkalinity of CPWs. The present work investigates the kinetics of the reaction between H2SO4 and NaHCO3, which could provide the base for scaling-up the CPW treatment technology. Based on the measured quantity change of the CO2 gas generated from the reaction between H2SO4 and NaHCO3 with time under specified initial reaction conditions, the reaction orders with respect to H2SO4 and NaHCO3 were determined. Experiments were also conducted within the temperature of 15-30℃ to find various global rate coefficients of the reaction to calculate the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the empirical Arrhenius form of the bicarbonate removal reaction, which are 197.7 kJ/mol and 3.13 × 1034 （mol-3.7 ×L3.7 ×sec^-1 ）, respectively.展开更多
文摘分布式冷热电联供(combined cooling,heating and power,CCHP)系统是一种小型、临近用户的新型供能方式,可避免能量长距离传输过程损失,同时具有灵活、高效、环保特点,成为大规模、集中式供能方式的重要补充。中小型发电装置是分布式冷热电联供系统的核心,制冷和制热也都围绕发电装置余热展开。对适合分布式冷热电联供系统的2类中小型发电装置的基本工作原理、热力性能和相关研究进展进行综述。一类是以化石燃料为能源输入的中小型发电装置,包括微型燃气轮机、燃气内燃机、小型燃气轮机和燃料电池;另一类是以发电装置余热或太阳能集热等其他热源为能源输入的中小型发电装置,包括有机朗肯循环、正逆耦合循环、热声发电机等。最后,对2类中小型发电装置的优缺点进行对比分析,为分布式供能系统的发电装置选型、系统方案设计等提供参考。
基金the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under funding number of U19B6003-02-04the fund of A Theoretical Study of Marine Petroliferous System,Sichuan Basin,and the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing under funding number of 2462020BJRC005.
文摘The discovery and large-scale exploration of unconventional oil/gas resources since 1980s have been considered as the most important advancement in the history of petroleum geology;that has not only changed the balance of supply and demand in the global energy market,but also improved our understanding of the formation mechanisms and distribution characteristics of oil/gas reservoirs.However,what is the difference of conventional and unconventional resources and why they always related to each other in petroliferous basins is not clear.As the differences and correlations between unconventional and conventional resources are complex challenging issues and very critical for resources assessment and hydrocarbon exploration,this paper focused on studying the relationship of formations and distributions among different oil/gas reservoirs.Drilling results of 12,237 exploratory wells in 6 representative petroliferous basins of China and distribution characteristics for 52,926 oil/gas accumulations over the world were applied to clarify the formation conditions and genetic relations of different oil/gas reservoirs in a petroliferous basin,and then to establish a unified model to address the differences and correlations of conventional and unconventional reservoirs.In this model,conventional reservoirs formed in free hydrocarbon dynamic field with high porosity and permeability located above the boundary of hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit.Unconventional tight reservoirs formed in confined hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and permeability located between hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit and hydrocarbon accumulation depth limit.Shale oil/gas reservoirs formed in the bound hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and ultra-low permeability within the source rock layers.More than 75%of proved reserves around the world are discovered in the free hydrocarbon dynamic field,which is estimated to contain only 10%of originally generated hydrocarbons.Most of undiscovered resourc
文摘Several Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) member states (OMSs) have updated their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) with the aim of achieving zero carbon emissions by 2050. Carbon neutrality requires shifting from a linear carbon economy (LCE) to a circular carbon economy (CCE). Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, including reduction, recycle, reuse, removal, and storage technologies, represent an important strategy for achieving such a shift. Herein, we investigate the effects of CCS technology adoption in six OMSs—namely the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Algeria, and Iraq—by examining their Circular Carbon Economy Index (CCEI) scores, which reflect compliance with CCE-transition policies. Total CCEI, current performance CCEI dimension, and future enabler CCEI dimensions scores were compared among the aforementioned six OMSs and relative to Norway, which was used as a global-high CCEI reference standard. Specifically, CCEI general scope and CCEI oil scope dimension scores were compared. The KSA, Qatar, the UAE, and Kuwait had higher CCEI scores than Algeria and Iraq, reflecting their greater adoption of CCE-transition policies and greater emission-reducing modernization investments. The current performance CCEI scores of Algeria and Iraq appear to be buttressed to some extent by their greater natural carbon sink resources. Based on the findings, we recommend specific actions for OMSs to enhance their CCE transitions and mitigate the negative impacts associated with the associated investments, including: taking rapid practical steps to eliminate carbon oil industry emissions;detailed CCS planning by national oil companies;international cooperation and coordination;and increased investment in domestic CCS utilization infrastructure.
基金support provided by the Chinese Scholarship Council to develop this research
文摘Novel technologies in consideration of industrial sustainability(IS)are in urgent need to satisfy the increasing demands from the society.IS realizes the production of materials while maintaining environmental and resource sustainability.The chemical materials used in CO2 capture and storage(CCS)technologies play a significant role in the disposal of greenhouse gas emissions coming from large stationary fossil-fired power plants,which breaks the principle of IS and brings severe environmental problems.This study aims at providing a detailed review of first-principles modeling(density functional theory,DFT)of materials in CO2 capture technologies.DFT analysis provides insight into the atomic properties of the studied systems and builds an efficient guidance of the future design of the materials used in CO2 capture technologies.Major materials including oxygen carriers,metal organic frameworks,membranes,zeolites,ionic liquids and some other promising candidates are considered.The computational studies bring the outcomes of the adsorption behaviors,structural characteristics and accurate force fields of the studied materials in short turn-around times at low cost.This review can stimulate the design of novel materials with specific target of CO2 capture and promote the industrial sustainability of fossil fuel combustion technologies.
基金supported by the funding of the USA National Science Foundation (NSF,DGE-0948027)
文摘With the increasing demand for fossil based energy and implementation of progressively strict environmental pollution control standards, treatment of a large amount of co-produced waters （CPWs） from fossil based energy production has become increasingly important. Removal of bicarbonate with H2SO4 has been recently studied as a simple and cost-effective method to decrease the alkalinity of CPWs. The present work investigates the kinetics of the reaction between H2SO4 and NaHCO3, which could provide the base for scaling-up the CPW treatment technology. Based on the measured quantity change of the CO2 gas generated from the reaction between H2SO4 and NaHCO3 with time under specified initial reaction conditions, the reaction orders with respect to H2SO4 and NaHCO3 were determined. Experiments were also conducted within the temperature of 15-30℃ to find various global rate coefficients of the reaction to calculate the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the empirical Arrhenius form of the bicarbonate removal reaction, which are 197.7 kJ/mol and 3.13 × 1034 （mol-3.7 ×L3.7 ×sec^-1 ）, respectively.
