Nitrogen fixation, along with photosynthesis is the basis of all life on earth. Current understanding suggests that no plant fixes its own nitrogen. Some plants （mainly legumes） fix nitrogen via symbiotic anaerobic ...Nitrogen fixation, along with photosynthesis is the basis of all life on earth. Current understanding suggests that no plant fixes its own nitrogen. Some plants （mainly legumes） fix nitrogen via symbiotic anaerobic microorganisms （mainly rhizobia）. The nature of biological nitrogen fixation is that the dinitrogenase catalyzes the reaction-splitting triple-bond inert atmospheric nitrogen （N2） into organic ammonia molecule （NH3）. All known nitrogenases are found to be prokaryotic, multi-complex and normally oxygen liable. Not surprisingly, the engineering of autonomous nitrogen-fixing plants would be a long-term effort because it requires the assembly of a complex enzyme and provision of anaerobic conditions. However, in the light of evolving protein catalysts, the anaerobic enzyme has almost certainly been replaced in many reactions by the more efficient and irreversible aerobic version that uses O2. On the other hand, nature has shown numerous examples of evolutionary convergence where an enzyme catalyzing a highly specific, O2-requiring reaction has an oxygen-independent counterpart, able to carry out the same reaction under anoxic conditions. In this review, I attempt to take the reader on a simplified journey from conventional nitrogenase complex to a possible simplified version of a yet to be discovered light-utilizing nitrogenase.展开更多
以固氮酶和ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate,1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸)脱氨酶活性为指标筛选功能菌株,研制菌剂,用于修复生荒地土壤生态。采用乙炔还原法测定菌株固氮酶活性;比色法定量测定ACC脱氨酶活性;PCR扩增得到菌株16S r RNA,...以固氮酶和ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate,1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸)脱氨酶活性为指标筛选功能菌株,研制菌剂,用于修复生荒地土壤生态。采用乙炔还原法测定菌株固氮酶活性;比色法定量测定ACC脱氨酶活性;PCR扩增得到菌株16S r RNA,通过序列分析、比对研究菌株的系统发育地位;通过形态、生理生化特征和16S r DNA序列比对鉴定菌种。结果显示,筛选到固氮酶活性大于9 nmol/(h·mg)的菌株共计47株,其中43株的固氮酶活性大于阳性对照固氮菌剂生产菌株圆褐固氮菌ACCC11103。筛选到产生ACC脱氨酶的菌株20株,ACC脱氨酶活性为0.326-21.980μmol/(h·mg)。将筛选到的功能菌株接种小白菜测试促生效应,其中47株使普通白菜(Brassica campestris)鲜重增加。16S r RNA测序鉴定显示筛选到的51株功能菌株系统发育地位上属于农杆菌、节杆菌、芽孢杆菌、伯克氏菌、鞘氨醇杆菌、屈挠杆菌、剑菌、肠杆菌、溶杆菌、微球菌、类芽孢杆菌、叶杆菌、假单胞菌、根瘤菌、中华根瘤菌、芽孢乳杆菌等16属31种。选取高效菌株7012、7134、7144和7164作为核心菌株制备了固氮多功能菌剂,应用于生荒地,试验地土壤微生物数量显著提高,土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶活性极显著高于未施用菌剂的对照处理。多功能固氮菌制剂对于提高生荒地土壤生物活性、改善土壤生态环境具有重要作用和应用价值。展开更多
文摘Nitrogen fixation, along with photosynthesis is the basis of all life on earth. Current understanding suggests that no plant fixes its own nitrogen. Some plants （mainly legumes） fix nitrogen via symbiotic anaerobic microorganisms （mainly rhizobia）. The nature of biological nitrogen fixation is that the dinitrogenase catalyzes the reaction-splitting triple-bond inert atmospheric nitrogen （N2） into organic ammonia molecule （NH3）. All known nitrogenases are found to be prokaryotic, multi-complex and normally oxygen liable. Not surprisingly, the engineering of autonomous nitrogen-fixing plants would be a long-term effort because it requires the assembly of a complex enzyme and provision of anaerobic conditions. However, in the light of evolving protein catalysts, the anaerobic enzyme has almost certainly been replaced in many reactions by the more efficient and irreversible aerobic version that uses O2. On the other hand, nature has shown numerous examples of evolutionary convergence where an enzyme catalyzing a highly specific, O2-requiring reaction has an oxygen-independent counterpart, able to carry out the same reaction under anoxic conditions. In this review, I attempt to take the reader on a simplified journey from conventional nitrogenase complex to a possible simplified version of a yet to be discovered light-utilizing nitrogenase.
文摘以固氮酶和ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate,1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸)脱氨酶活性为指标筛选功能菌株,研制菌剂,用于修复生荒地土壤生态。采用乙炔还原法测定菌株固氮酶活性;比色法定量测定ACC脱氨酶活性;PCR扩增得到菌株16S r RNA,通过序列分析、比对研究菌株的系统发育地位;通过形态、生理生化特征和16S r DNA序列比对鉴定菌种。结果显示,筛选到固氮酶活性大于9 nmol/(h·mg)的菌株共计47株,其中43株的固氮酶活性大于阳性对照固氮菌剂生产菌株圆褐固氮菌ACCC11103。筛选到产生ACC脱氨酶的菌株20株,ACC脱氨酶活性为0.326-21.980μmol/(h·mg)。将筛选到的功能菌株接种小白菜测试促生效应,其中47株使普通白菜(Brassica campestris)鲜重增加。16S r RNA测序鉴定显示筛选到的51株功能菌株系统发育地位上属于农杆菌、节杆菌、芽孢杆菌、伯克氏菌、鞘氨醇杆菌、屈挠杆菌、剑菌、肠杆菌、溶杆菌、微球菌、类芽孢杆菌、叶杆菌、假单胞菌、根瘤菌、中华根瘤菌、芽孢乳杆菌等16属31种。选取高效菌株7012、7134、7144和7164作为核心菌株制备了固氮多功能菌剂,应用于生荒地,试验地土壤微生物数量显著提高,土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶活性极显著高于未施用菌剂的对照处理。多功能固氮菌制剂对于提高生荒地土壤生物活性、改善土壤生态环境具有重要作用和应用价值。
