Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem that threatens the lives of millions of people and affects several sectors, including aquaculture. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the monitorin...Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem that threatens the lives of millions of people and affects several sectors, including aquaculture. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the monitoring of multi-resistant enterobacterial strains circulating in fish ponds in the Sud-Comoé region of south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire, more specifically in the Aboisso and Tiapoum departments. To this end, 20 samples of Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and 60 samples of farm water were collected from 5 fish farms in the Sud-Comoé region. Microbiological analyses were based on the isolation and identification of enterobacteria on Mac Conkey + Ceftazidime medium. These analyses resulted in the isolation of 73 strains of enterobacteria, including 58 from fish and 15 from fish pond water samples. Antibiotic sensitivity tests carried out on enterobacteria isolated from water and fish samples showed high levels of resistance (100%) to the beta-lactam family (Amoxicilin + clavulanic acid, Ceftazidime). Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. showed resistance to Ciprofloxacins (100%) and (25%) respectively. The study also showed that strains of Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to all 3 families of antibiotics, notably Beta-lactams, Fluoro-quinolones and Aminosides. The presence of multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in fish and pond water samples represents a public health risk.展开更多
The Crna River is a river in the Republic of Macedonia, right tributary to Vardar. Its source is in the mountains of Western Macedonia, west of Krusevo. It flows through the village of Sopotnica, and southwards throug...The Crna River is a river in the Republic of Macedonia, right tributary to Vardar. Its source is in the mountains of Western Macedonia, west of Krusevo. It flows through the village of Sopotnica, and southwards through the plains east of Bitola. The name means ＂black river＂ in Macedonian, which is translation for its former Thracian name. The purpose of this paper is to show the hunting and hunting areas for big and small Game （food）, the structure of the areas of certain hunting, fishing, fishing water objects, fish species, fishponds up to 20 years shown by municipalities and individual farms with ponds in the basin of Black River. It had used statistical data for the hunting grounds by areas, fishing ponds. Fish is very diverse in this river. Hunting in the Black River basin is of great importance for the economy of Republic of Macedonia. It is also a necessary factor for development of other economic activities.展开更多
The economic viability and social value of traditional aquaculture in rural Sierra Leone were evaluated. The hypothesis tested was that traditional methods of farming fish in ponds were not economically viable, so far...The economic viability and social value of traditional aquaculture in rural Sierra Leone were evaluated. The hypothesis tested was that traditional methods of farming fish in ponds were not economically viable, so farmers were investing their time/labour in less risky and more profitable livelihoods activities. The assumption in this assessment was that fish farming is an economic activity, and that for farmers to adopt or choose it over other livelihoods, the benefit-cost ratio of fish farming must be higher than that of alternative livelihoods. The main objective of the study was to assess why local farmers failed to adopt modem market oriented aquaculture production systems introduced by the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in rural Sierra Leone. Two hundred farmers owning fishponds on family lands were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires and farmers＇ responses were analyzed using statistical tools （SPSS 16.0）. The mean contributions of different livelihoods to total annual incomes of farmers and the social values they attached to these livelihoods were compared. Results of the study suggested that traditional fish fanning was economically viable across the range of pond sizes sampled; but the medium-sized ponds were more profitable than the smallest and largest ponds, and labour accounted for 70% of total annual production costs in the systems assessed. The average benefit-cost ratio of 2.3 for fish fanning was favorable compared with that of 0.83 for rice farming, which was ranked as most popular livelihood activity by farmers. The payback period for traditional aquaculture investments was less than five years using informal investment loans （without interest）, and was favorably compared with that for tree crops fanning, which was also popular among farmers. Additional benefits of fish fanning included social capital and maintenance of kinship relationships.展开更多
文摘Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem that threatens the lives of millions of people and affects several sectors, including aquaculture. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the monitoring of multi-resistant enterobacterial strains circulating in fish ponds in the Sud-Comoé region of south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire, more specifically in the Aboisso and Tiapoum departments. To this end, 20 samples of Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and 60 samples of farm water were collected from 5 fish farms in the Sud-Comoé region. Microbiological analyses were based on the isolation and identification of enterobacteria on Mac Conkey + Ceftazidime medium. These analyses resulted in the isolation of 73 strains of enterobacteria, including 58 from fish and 15 from fish pond water samples. Antibiotic sensitivity tests carried out on enterobacteria isolated from water and fish samples showed high levels of resistance (100%) to the beta-lactam family (Amoxicilin + clavulanic acid, Ceftazidime). Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. showed resistance to Ciprofloxacins (100%) and (25%) respectively. The study also showed that strains of Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to all 3 families of antibiotics, notably Beta-lactams, Fluoro-quinolones and Aminosides. The presence of multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in fish and pond water samples represents a public health risk.
文摘The Crna River is a river in the Republic of Macedonia, right tributary to Vardar. Its source is in the mountains of Western Macedonia, west of Krusevo. It flows through the village of Sopotnica, and southwards through the plains east of Bitola. The name means ＂black river＂ in Macedonian, which is translation for its former Thracian name. The purpose of this paper is to show the hunting and hunting areas for big and small Game （food）, the structure of the areas of certain hunting, fishing, fishing water objects, fish species, fishponds up to 20 years shown by municipalities and individual farms with ponds in the basin of Black River. It had used statistical data for the hunting grounds by areas, fishing ponds. Fish is very diverse in this river. Hunting in the Black River basin is of great importance for the economy of Republic of Macedonia. It is also a necessary factor for development of other economic activities.
文摘The economic viability and social value of traditional aquaculture in rural Sierra Leone were evaluated. The hypothesis tested was that traditional methods of farming fish in ponds were not economically viable, so farmers were investing their time/labour in less risky and more profitable livelihoods activities. The assumption in this assessment was that fish farming is an economic activity, and that for farmers to adopt or choose it over other livelihoods, the benefit-cost ratio of fish farming must be higher than that of alternative livelihoods. The main objective of the study was to assess why local farmers failed to adopt modem market oriented aquaculture production systems introduced by the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources in rural Sierra Leone. Two hundred farmers owning fishponds on family lands were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires and farmers＇ responses were analyzed using statistical tools （SPSS 16.0）. The mean contributions of different livelihoods to total annual incomes of farmers and the social values they attached to these livelihoods were compared. Results of the study suggested that traditional fish fanning was economically viable across the range of pond sizes sampled; but the medium-sized ponds were more profitable than the smallest and largest ponds, and labour accounted for 70% of total annual production costs in the systems assessed. The average benefit-cost ratio of 2.3 for fish fanning was favorable compared with that of 0.83 for rice farming, which was ranked as most popular livelihood activity by farmers. The payback period for traditional aquaculture investments was less than five years using informal investment loans （without interest）, and was favorably compared with that for tree crops fanning, which was also popular among farmers. Additional benefits of fish fanning included social capital and maintenance of kinship relationships.
