Residual films on the sowing layer produced after mulching in Xinjiang farmland,harm the sowing quality and root growth of crops.In this study,a sowing layer residual film recovery machine based on a radial plate arc-...Residual films on the sowing layer produced after mulching in Xinjiang farmland,harm the sowing quality and root growth of crops.In this study,a sowing layer residual film recovery machine based on a radial plate arc-shaped nail-tooth roller structure was designed.Meanwhile,the key device structures were designed and the main working parameters were analyzed.Then,taking the working depth,the forward speed of the machine and the rotation speed of the nail tooth roller as the test factors,and the film collection rate and film intertwining rate as the test indicators,the single factor tests and the Box-Behnken response surface tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of the sowing layer residual film recovery machine.Consequently,the results showed that the order of significant factors was the working depth,the forward speed of the machine,and the rotation speed of the nail tooth roller.Besides,the optimal working parameters were determined,which the working depth,the forward speed of the machine,and the rotation speed of the nail tooth roller were 100 mm,4.8 km/h,and 49.3 r/min,respectively.Moreover,the predicted value of the film collection rate was 69.20%.Finally,the verification test was taken with the optimal working parameter,and the results showed that the film collection rate was 66.84%,and the film intertwining rate was 1.39%.The relative error between the test value and the predicted value of the film collection rate was 3.40%.It indicated that the machine can perform the collection of sowing layer residual films.This study can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the design of new sowing layer residual film machines.展开更多
为研究我国废旧地膜回收利用模式经验、面临问题与优化路径,本研究选取甘肃、山东两大代表省份开展实地调研,并比较了不同再利用方式的经济和生态效益。结果显示:山东一方面通过花生种植制度创新,成功实现地膜减量,另一方面基于行政层...为研究我国废旧地膜回收利用模式经验、面临问题与优化路径,本研究选取甘肃、山东两大代表省份开展实地调研,并比较了不同再利用方式的经济和生态效益。结果显示:山东一方面通过花生种植制度创新,成功实现地膜减量,另一方面基于行政层级架构回收网络体系,及创新“秸-膜”协同回收模式,大幅降低废旧地膜捡拾含杂率;甘肃通过全链条多主体协同回收利用模式、企业“多功能”集成一体化回收处理模式等创新,实现县域废旧地膜回收全覆盖。此外,1 t废旧地膜(指废旧地膜与秸秆、根系、泥土等的混合物,经分离清理后含杂率为20%~30%,下同)再生造粒的经济效益为20~120元·t^(-1),碳排放量为8.68 kg CO_(2e)·t^(-1),焚烧发电的经济效益为129~194元·t^(-1),碳排放量为1.83 kg CO_(2e)·t^(-1)。当前,进一步提升回收利用效率面临着地膜使用不科学、机械设备作业场景较单一、资源配置不科学、财政持续支持困难、废旧地膜再利用产业内生“造血”能力弱等一系列障碍。研究表明,源头减量替代与回收体系建设是我国废旧地膜回收的主要路径,焚烧发电和再生造粒是再利用的主要路径,且焚烧发电的经济和减碳效益均优于再生造粒,解决现有问题,需因地制宜地制定覆膜技术规程,强化地膜生产、销售标准化管控,加强回收、捡拾、处置等机械设备创新,全域统筹配置各项资源,调动各级财政与社会资本长效支持,加快生态产品价值转化市场机制建设等。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175240)the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2018AA001/03)the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.XJ2022G083).
文摘Residual films on the sowing layer produced after mulching in Xinjiang farmland,harm the sowing quality and root growth of crops.In this study,a sowing layer residual film recovery machine based on a radial plate arc-shaped nail-tooth roller structure was designed.Meanwhile,the key device structures were designed and the main working parameters were analyzed.Then,taking the working depth,the forward speed of the machine and the rotation speed of the nail tooth roller as the test factors,and the film collection rate and film intertwining rate as the test indicators,the single factor tests and the Box-Behnken response surface tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of the sowing layer residual film recovery machine.Consequently,the results showed that the order of significant factors was the working depth,the forward speed of the machine,and the rotation speed of the nail tooth roller.Besides,the optimal working parameters were determined,which the working depth,the forward speed of the machine,and the rotation speed of the nail tooth roller were 100 mm,4.8 km/h,and 49.3 r/min,respectively.Moreover,the predicted value of the film collection rate was 69.20%.Finally,the verification test was taken with the optimal working parameter,and the results showed that the film collection rate was 66.84%,and the film intertwining rate was 1.39%.The relative error between the test value and the predicted value of the film collection rate was 3.40%.It indicated that the machine can perform the collection of sowing layer residual films.This study can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the design of new sowing layer residual film machines.
文摘为研究我国废旧地膜回收利用模式经验、面临问题与优化路径,本研究选取甘肃、山东两大代表省份开展实地调研,并比较了不同再利用方式的经济和生态效益。结果显示:山东一方面通过花生种植制度创新,成功实现地膜减量,另一方面基于行政层级架构回收网络体系,及创新“秸-膜”协同回收模式,大幅降低废旧地膜捡拾含杂率;甘肃通过全链条多主体协同回收利用模式、企业“多功能”集成一体化回收处理模式等创新,实现县域废旧地膜回收全覆盖。此外,1 t废旧地膜(指废旧地膜与秸秆、根系、泥土等的混合物,经分离清理后含杂率为20%~30%,下同)再生造粒的经济效益为20~120元·t^(-1),碳排放量为8.68 kg CO_(2e)·t^(-1),焚烧发电的经济效益为129~194元·t^(-1),碳排放量为1.83 kg CO_(2e)·t^(-1)。当前,进一步提升回收利用效率面临着地膜使用不科学、机械设备作业场景较单一、资源配置不科学、财政持续支持困难、废旧地膜再利用产业内生“造血”能力弱等一系列障碍。研究表明,源头减量替代与回收体系建设是我国废旧地膜回收的主要路径,焚烧发电和再生造粒是再利用的主要路径,且焚烧发电的经济和减碳效益均优于再生造粒,解决现有问题,需因地制宜地制定覆膜技术规程,强化地膜生产、销售标准化管控,加强回收、捡拾、处置等机械设备创新,全域统筹配置各项资源,调动各级财政与社会资本长效支持,加快生态产品价值转化市场机制建设等。
