In rice, amylose content （AC） is controlled by a single dominant Waxy gene. We used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats （CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated 9 （Casg） to introduce a loss-of-function m...In rice, amylose content （AC） is controlled by a single dominant Waxy gene. We used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats （CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated 9 （Casg） to introduce a loss-of-function mutation into the Waxy gene in two widely cultivated elite japonica varieties. Our results show that mutations in the Waxy gene reduce AC and convert the rice into glutinous ones without affecting other desirable agronomic traits, offering an effective and easy strategy to improve glutinosity in elite varieties. Importantly, we successfully removed the transgenes from the progeny. Our study provides an example of generating improved crops with potential for commercialization, by editing a gene of interest directly in elite crop varieties.展开更多
Flavonoids are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and have many diverse functions including defense, UV protection, auxin transport inhibition, allelopathy, and flower coloring. Interestingly, these compounds also have c...Flavonoids are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and have many diverse functions including defense, UV protection, auxin transport inhibition, allelopathy, and flower coloring. Interestingly, these compounds also have considerable biological activity in plant, animal and bacterial systems - such broad activity is accomplished by few compounds. Yet, for all the research over the last three decades, many of the cellular targets of these secondary metabolites are unknown. The many mutants available in model plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula are enabling the intricacies of the physiology of these compounds to be deduced. In the present review, we cover recent advances in flavonoid research, discuss deficiencies in our understanding of the physiological processes, and suggest approaches to identify the cellular targets of flavonoids.展开更多
Mycoplasma pneumonia is a common community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） in Asia. Children suffering from M. pneumoniae tend to progress quickly and develop severe pneumonia with a poor prognosis.（1） Effective manageme...Mycoplasma pneumonia is a common community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） in Asia. Children suffering from M. pneumoniae tend to progress quickly and develop severe pneumonia with a poor prognosis.（1） Effective management of M. pneumoniae infections include macrolides, tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones, however, antibiotic resistance may lead to unsatisfied clinical outcome. Chinese medicine （CM） is widely used in China and some Asian countries, which have good efficacy in the treatment of M. pneumoniae, especially for severe M. Pneumonia infection.（2） It has obvious advantages in terms of fever reduction and appetite improvement. Here we report a case of a child diagnosed with severe pneumonia who received antibiotics for 20 days but with suboptimal result, however, he experienced an optimal response to CM.展开更多
Rice grain filling determines grain weight, final yield and grain quality. Here, a rice defective grain filling mutant, gif2, was identified. Grains ofgif2 showed a slower filling rate and a significant lower final gr...Rice grain filling determines grain weight, final yield and grain quality. Here, a rice defective grain filling mutant, gif2, was identified. Grains ofgif2 showed a slower filling rate and a significant lower final grain weight and yield compared to wild-type. The starch content in gilt2 was noticeably decreased and its physicochemical properties were also altered. Moreover, gif2 endosperm cells showed obvious defects in compound granule formation. Posi- tional cloning identified GIF2 to encode an ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase （AGP） large subunit, AGPL2; consequently, AGP enzyme activity in gif2 endosperms was remarkably decreased. GIF2 is mainly expressed in developing grains and the coded protein localizes in the cytosol. Yeast two hybrid assay showed that GIF2 interacted with AGP small subunits OsAGPS% OsAGPS2a and OsAGPS2b. Transcript levels for granule-bound starch synthase, starch synthase, starch branching enzyme and starch debranching enzyme were distinctly elevated in gif2 grains. In addition, the level of nucleotide diversity of the GIF2 locus was extremely low in both cultivated and wild rice. All of these results suggest that GIF2 plays important roles in the regulation of grain filling and starch biosynthesis during caryopsis development, and that it has been preserved during selection throughout domestication of modern rice.展开更多
Silver-ceramics (Ag2MO2)(M=Co, Ni, or Cu) were prepared through thermal decompositionof coprecipitated oxalates. Pellets of these materials were annealed at 350℃ for different timeperiods up to 5 h. The effect of ann...Silver-ceramics (Ag2MO2)(M=Co, Ni, or Cu) were prepared through thermal decompositionof coprecipitated oxalates. Pellets of these materials were annealed at 350℃ for different timeperiods up to 5 h. The effect of annealing time on the transport properties was studied. IR andX-ray spectra were also studied.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of SciencesUS NIH Grants R01GM070795 and R01GM059138(to J.K.Z.)the support of the International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program of China under grant 20140029
文摘In rice, amylose content （AC） is controlled by a single dominant Waxy gene. We used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats （CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated 9 （Casg） to introduce a loss-of-function mutation into the Waxy gene in two widely cultivated elite japonica varieties. Our results show that mutations in the Waxy gene reduce AC and convert the rice into glutinous ones without affecting other desirable agronomic traits, offering an effective and easy strategy to improve glutinosity in elite varieties. Importantly, we successfully removed the transgenes from the progeny. Our study provides an example of generating improved crops with potential for commercialization, by editing a gene of interest directly in elite crop varieties.
基金The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Inte-grated Legume Research is thanked for support (CEO348212)
文摘Flavonoids are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and have many diverse functions including defense, UV protection, auxin transport inhibition, allelopathy, and flower coloring. Interestingly, these compounds also have considerable biological activity in plant, animal and bacterial systems - such broad activity is accomplished by few compounds. Yet, for all the research over the last three decades, many of the cellular targets of these secondary metabolites are unknown. The many mutants available in model plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula are enabling the intricacies of the physiology of these compounds to be deduced. In the present review, we cover recent advances in flavonoid research, discuss deficiencies in our understanding of the physiological processes, and suggest approaches to identify the cellular targets of flavonoids.
文摘Mycoplasma pneumonia is a common community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） in Asia. Children suffering from M. pneumoniae tend to progress quickly and develop severe pneumonia with a poor prognosis.（1） Effective management of M. pneumoniae infections include macrolides, tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones, however, antibiotic resistance may lead to unsatisfied clinical outcome. Chinese medicine （CM） is widely used in China and some Asian countries, which have good efficacy in the treatment of M. pneumoniae, especially for severe M. Pneumonia infection.（2） It has obvious advantages in terms of fever reduction and appetite improvement. Here we report a case of a child diagnosed with severe pneumonia who received antibiotics for 20 days but with suboptimal result, however, he experienced an optimal response to CM.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.31161140348,31471472,31301303,31161140348)by the National S&T Major Project (2014ZX08001006,2016ZX08001006)
文摘Rice grain filling determines grain weight, final yield and grain quality. Here, a rice defective grain filling mutant, gif2, was identified. Grains ofgif2 showed a slower filling rate and a significant lower final grain weight and yield compared to wild-type. The starch content in gilt2 was noticeably decreased and its physicochemical properties were also altered. Moreover, gif2 endosperm cells showed obvious defects in compound granule formation. Posi- tional cloning identified GIF2 to encode an ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase （AGP） large subunit, AGPL2; consequently, AGP enzyme activity in gif2 endosperms was remarkably decreased. GIF2 is mainly expressed in developing grains and the coded protein localizes in the cytosol. Yeast two hybrid assay showed that GIF2 interacted with AGP small subunits OsAGPS% OsAGPS2a and OsAGPS2b. Transcript levels for granule-bound starch synthase, starch synthase, starch branching enzyme and starch debranching enzyme were distinctly elevated in gif2 grains. In addition, the level of nucleotide diversity of the GIF2 locus was extremely low in both cultivated and wild rice. All of these results suggest that GIF2 plays important roles in the regulation of grain filling and starch biosynthesis during caryopsis development, and that it has been preserved during selection throughout domestication of modern rice.
文摘Silver-ceramics (Ag2MO2)(M=Co, Ni, or Cu) were prepared through thermal decompositionof coprecipitated oxalates. Pellets of these materials were annealed at 350℃ for different timeperiods up to 5 h. The effect of annealing time on the transport properties was studied. IR andX-ray spectra were also studied.
