With the exponential growth of the data traffic in wireless communication systems, terahertz(THz) frequency band is envisioned as a promising candidate to support ultra-broadband for future beyond fifth generation(5G)...With the exponential growth of the data traffic in wireless communication systems, terahertz(THz) frequency band is envisioned as a promising candidate to support ultra-broadband for future beyond fifth generation(5G), bridging the gap between millimeter wave(mmWave) and optical frequency ranges. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the development towards THz communications and presents some key technologies faced in THz wireless communication systems. Firstly, despite the substantial hardware problems that have to be developed in terms of the THz solid state superheterodyne receiver, high speed THz modulators and THz antennas, the practical THz channel model and the efficient THz beamforming are also described to compensate for the severe path attenuation. Moreover, two different kinds of lab-level THz communication systems are introduced minutely, named a solid state THz communication system and a spatial direct modulation THz communication system, respectively. The solid state THz system converts intermediate frequency(IF) modulated signal to THz frequency while the direct modulation THz system allows the high power THz sources to input for approving the relatively long distance communications. Finally, we discuss several potential application scenarios as well as some vital technical challenges that will be encountered in the future THz communications.展开更多
Millimeter-wave(mm Wave) communications will be used in fifth-generation(5G) mobile communication systems, but they experience severe path loss and have high sensitivity to physical objects, leading to smaller cell ra...Millimeter-wave(mm Wave) communications will be used in fifth-generation(5G) mobile communication systems, but they experience severe path loss and have high sensitivity to physical objects, leading to smaller cell radii and complicated network architectures. A coverage extension scheme using large-scale antenna arrays(LSAAs) has been suggested and theoretically proven to be cost-efficient in combination with ultradense small cell networks. To analyze and optimize the LSAA-based network deployments, a comprehensive survey of recent advances in statistical mmWave channel modeling is first presented in terms of channel parameter estimation, large-scale path loss models, and small-scale cluster models. Next, the measurement and modeling results at two 5G candidate mmWave bands(e.g., 28 GHz and 39 GHz) are reviewed and compared in several outdoor scenarios of interest, where the propagation characteristics make crucial contributions to wireless network designs. Finally, the coverage behaviors of systems employing a large number of antenna arrays are discussed, as well as some implications on future mmWave cellular network designs.展开更多
Based on weathering characteristics of the fifth palaeosol layer (S5) of four sections in Guanzhong Plain, the thickness of the weathered profile of the paleosol is determined to be greater than the ordi- nary soil, a...Based on weathering characteristics of the fifth palaeosol layer (S5) of four sections in Guanzhong Plain, the thickness of the weathered profile of the paleosol is determined to be greater than the ordi- nary soil, a weathered and leached loess layer thicker than 2 m. The distribution depth of the red argil- lans, the weathered and leached loess layer, Fe2O3, CaCO3 and Sr content under the S5 all indicate that the precipitation in Guanzhong Plain was over 900 mm at that time. The distribution depth of gravity water zone reached 4.2 m at least, and the soil moisture content was generally more than 20% within the range of 4.2 m. At that time there was sufficient soil moisture and no dried earth layer developed in Guanzhong Plain, suitable for the forest to develop. When this soil developed, the mean annual pre- cipitation was more than the annual soil moisture evaporation. The value of soil moisture balance was positive and the atmospheric precipitation could supply the underground water normally. Soil water was weak acidic in the middle and late stages when S5 developed in Guanzhong Plain. It was a kind of subtropical climate and even more humid and warmer than the northern edge of the subtropical climate zone in Guanzhong Plain when the S5 developed. At that time the subtropical climate was prevailing over the northern side and southern side of Qingling Mountains, showing the Mountains no longer to be the boundary between the subtropical zone and the temperate zone in China. The summer monsoon acted intensely and could go over Qingling Mountains frequently bring abundant precipitation.展开更多
The most widely accepted model of Solar System formation, known as the Nebular hypothesis, does not solve the Angular Momentum problem—why is the orbital momentum of Jupiter larger than rotational momentum of the Sun...The most widely accepted model of Solar System formation, known as the Nebular hypothesis, does not solve the Angular Momentum problem—why is the orbital momentum of Jupiter larger than rotational momentum of the Sun? The present manuscript introduces a Rotational Fission model of creation and evolution of Macrostructures of the World (Superclusters, Galaxies, Extrasolar Systems), based on Overspinning Cores of the World’s Macroobjects, and the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum. The Hypersphere World-Universe model is the only cosmological model in existence that is consistent with this Fundamental Law.展开更多
In this paper,two crossover hybrid variable-order derivatives of the cancer model are developed.Grünwald-Letnikov approximation is used to approximate the hybrid fractional and variable-order fractional operators...In this paper,two crossover hybrid variable-order derivatives of the cancer model are developed.Grünwald-Letnikov approximation is used to approximate the hybrid fractional and variable-order fractional operators.The existence,uniqueness,and stability of the proposed model are discussed.Adams Bashfourth’s fifth-step method with a hybrid variable-order fractional operator is developed to study the proposed models.Comparative studies with generalized fifth-order Runge-Kutta method are given.Numerical examples and comparative studies to verify the applicability of the used methods and to demonstrate the simplicity of these approximations are presented.We have showcased the efficiency of the proposed method and garnered robust empirical support for our theoretical findings.展开更多
A symmetrical quartic polynomial, named golden one, can be connected to coefficients of the icosahedron equation as well as to the gyromagnetic correction of the electron and to number 137. This number is not a mystic...A symmetrical quartic polynomial, named golden one, can be connected to coefficients of the icosahedron equation as well as to the gyromagnetic correction of the electron and to number 137. This number is not a mystic one, but is connected with the inverse of Sommerfeld’s fine-structure constant and this way again connected with the electron. From number-theoretical realities, including the reciprocity relation of the golden ratio as effective pre-calculator of nature’s creativeness, a proposed closeness to the icosahedron may point towards the structure of the electron, thought off as a single-strand compacted helically self-confined charged elemantary particle of less spherical but assumed blunted icosahedral shape generated from a high energy double-helix photon. We constructed a chiral Moebius “ball” from a 13 times 180˚twisted double helix strand, where the turning points of 12 generated slings were arranged towards the vertices of a regular icosahedron, belonging to the non-centrosymmetric rotation group I532. Mathematically put, we convert the helical motion of an energy quantum into a stationary motion on a Moebius stripe structure. The radius of the ball is about the Compton radius. This chiral closed circuit Moebius ball motion profile can be tentatively thought off as the dominant quantum vortex structure of the electron, and the model may be named CEWMB (Charged Electromagnetic Wave Moebius Ball). Also the gyromagnetic factor of the electron (g<sub>e</sub> = 2.002319) can be traced back to this special structure. However, nature’s energy infinity principle would suggest a superposition with additional less dominant (secondary) structures, governed also by the golden mean. A suggestion about the possible structure of delocalized hole carriers in the superconducting state is given.展开更多
Precipitation plays a crucial role in the water cycle of Northwest China.Obtaining accurate precipitation data is crucial for regional water resource management,hydrological forecasting,flood control and drought relie...Precipitation plays a crucial role in the water cycle of Northwest China.Obtaining accurate precipitation data is crucial for regional water resource management,hydrological forecasting,flood control and drought relief.Currently,the applicability of multi-source precipitation products for long time series in Northwest China has not been thoroughly evaluated.In this study,precipitation data from 183 meteorological stations in Northwest China from 1979 to 2020 were selected to assess the regional applicability of four precipitation products(the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate(ERA5),Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC),Climatic Research Unit gridded Time Series Version 4.07(CRU TS v4.07,hereafter CRU),and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM))based on the following statistical indicators:correlation coefficient,root mean square error(RMSE),relative bias(RB),mean absolute error(MAE),probability of detection(POD),false alarm ratio(FAR),and equitable threat score(ETS).The results showed that precipitation in Northwest China was generally high in the east and low in the west,and exhibited an increasing trend from 1979 to 2020.Compared with the station observations,ERA5 showed a larger spatial distribution difference than the other products.The overall overestimation of multi-year average precipitation was approximately 200.00 mm and the degree of overestimation increased with increasing precipitation intensity.The multi-year average precipitation of GPCC and CRU was relatively close to that of station observations.The trend of annual precipitation of TRMM was overestimated in high-altitude regions and the eastern part of Lanzhou with more precipitation.At the monthly scale,GPCC performed well but underestimated precipitation in the Tarim Basin(RB=-4.11%),while ERA5 and TRMM exhibited poor accuracy in high-altitude regions.ERA5 had a large bias(RB≥120.00%)in winter months and a strong dispersion(RMSE≥35.00 mm)in sum展开更多
According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics,as of the end of 2023,individuals aged 60 and above in China comprised 21.1% of the national population,with approximately one-fifth being disabled or suffering...According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics,as of the end of 2023,individuals aged 60 and above in China comprised 21.1% of the national population,with approximately one-fifth being disabled or suffering from dementia,totaling around 50 million people.展开更多
On May 15,the world's first fifth-generation"Changheng Series"174,000 m^(3) large LNG carrier "Greenergy Ocean",independently developed,designed and built by CSSC Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding,w...On May 15,the world's first fifth-generation"Changheng Series"174,000 m^(3) large LNG carrier "Greenergy Ocean",independently developed,designed and built by CSSC Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding,was christened and delivered five months ahead of the contract term.展开更多
Today, the most urgent problem of the existing and future nuclear power industry is to ensure the nuclear and environmental safety of the operation of nuclear power reactor units (NPPs) and nuclear power plants (NPPs)...Today, the most urgent problem of the existing and future nuclear power industry is to ensure the nuclear and environmental safety of the operation of nuclear power reactor units (NPPs) and nuclear power plants (NPPs). It is solved thanks to the application of deeply echeloned protection and an anti-accident complex of methods and means for effective control of the operation of active reactor zones (AZR). However, the danger of existing NPPs in the world from time to time manifests itself in the form of severe post-project accidents and catastrophes with the release into the environment of a significant amount of radioactive materials dangerous for all living things. The results of the analysis show that the unconditional fulfillment of the main requirements of nuclear environmental safety and biocompatibility is possible only in the so-called wave nuclear reactor of the G-V generation, which, unlike reactors of the previous generations III, II+ and IV, does not require supercritical loading of the core with nuclear fuel. In the active zone of this reactor, nuclear-physical processes governed by physical law are implemented, which exclude the operator’s participation in regulating the reactivity of the reactor’s active zone, which makes it the reactor with the highest level of nuclear and environmental safety today, which is based on the principles of so-called internal safety, free from the human factor. The possibility of burning nuclear fuel based on U238 and Th232 in it expands the reserves of energetic nuclear fuel almost to inexhaustibility. The technology of nuclear reactors of the G5 generation through the secondary use of spent irradiated nuclear fuel (SNF) for the production of energy and energy raw materials with simultaneous burning of it to an environmentally safe state is able to quickly reduce the available stocks and further production of dangerous SNF, guarantee the nuclear and environmental safety of NPPs with reactors G5 and to technologically make nuclear post-project accidents and disaste展开更多
Based on the idea of cyclic conformal cosmology, we formulate entropy and quantum number n, and then utilize the minimum uncertainty principle, where Delta E times Delta t equals h-bar, to actualize a prototype delta ...Based on the idea of cyclic conformal cosmology, we formulate entropy and quantum number n, and then utilize the minimum uncertainty principle, where Delta E times Delta t equals h-bar, to actualize a prototype delta t time stop in the breakup of supermassive black holes into countless Planck mass-sized black holes. This helps to link entropy, time step, and primordial conditions and define when the cosmological constant may form and the initial inflationary expansion “speed”. All this is used to obtain a model of if a singularity, initially is needed.展开更多
Metatarsal fractures are one of the most common injuries of the foot. There has been conflicting literatureon management of fifth metatarsal fractures due to inconsistency with respect to classification of these fract...Metatarsal fractures are one of the most common injuries of the foot. There has been conflicting literatureon management of fifth metatarsal fractures due to inconsistency with respect to classification of these fractures. This article provides a thorough review of fifth metatarsal fractures with examination of relevant literature to describe the management of fifth metatarsal fractures especially the proximal fracture. A description of nonoperative and operative management for fifth metatarsal fractures according to anatomical region is provided.展开更多
We use scalar fields. The scalar field version which we are using is one from Padmanabhan, and the problem is that the scalar field in the Padmanabhan representation is initially only dependent on time. We also refer ...We use scalar fields. The scalar field version which we are using is one from Padmanabhan, and the problem is that the scalar field in the Padmanabhan representation is initially only dependent on time. We also refer to a new assumed conservation law which will give new structure as to inflationary expansion and its immediate aftermath. That of the Hubble “constant” is divided by the “time derivative” of the scalar field in the inflation regime and then a long time afterwards. In doing so, we help define when the cosmological constant may form and what they says about the advent of dark energy.展开更多
The Jonang School,one of the important Tibetan Buddhist Schools,was founded by Mikyoi Dorje(mi bskyod rdo rje in Tibetan)in the Song Dynasty and formed in the early Yuan Dynasty.The name of the school came to be used ...The Jonang School,one of the important Tibetan Buddhist Schools,was founded by Mikyoi Dorje(mi bskyod rdo rje in Tibetan)in the Song Dynasty and formed in the early Yuan Dynasty.The name of the school came to be used as the fifth disciple of Mikyoi Dorje built the monastery in Jonang area.The central doctrine of this school is the"his empty vision"(gzhanstong in Tibetan).It became very popular in U-tsang areas and obtained a peak development during the Yuan Dynasty.has been always blamed that the is the key factor which caused the demise of the Jonang School in U-tsang Area.However,"his empty vision"was nitpicked and Jonang School was excluded from the other Tibetan Buddhist Schools,Jonang School,lack of support from secular world,tended to be decline.During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty,Taranata(1575-1634/1635?),great master of Jonang School,built Ganden Phuntsokling Monastery with support from the Tsangpakhan,and Jonang School became popular for a time.Even though these days Jonang School is still popular in Ngaba and Dartsedo of Sichuan,and Golok of Qinghai,but the Lingshak Nunnery is the only place where practice Jonang Tradition in Tibet Autonomous Region.It has been that the"his empty vision"(gzhanstong in Tibetan)was the main cause for the demise of the Jonang School in U-tsang area.Your authors,based on the historical materials such as the Autobiography of Taranatha,the Biography of the Fifth Dalai Lama,and the Biography of Jetsun Damba Khutuktu,believe that the actual causes of the declination and demise of the Jonang School in U-tsang are the hatred of the Fifth Dalai Lama for Taranatha and the son of Tuxie Tuhan of the Karkha Tribe's visit to Tibetan on the purpose of searching reincarnation.The Fifth Dalai Lama decisively converted the Jonang School into other schools of Tibetan Buddhism to consolidate his political power which in turn caused the demise of the Jonang Tradition in U-tsang area.展开更多
For a class of real fifth system, the first 8 singular point quantities of the origin and the first 6 singular point quantities of the equator are obtained, and at the same time, the two highest-order cases are proved...For a class of real fifth system, the first 8 singular point quantities of the origin and the first 6 singular point quantities of the equator are obtained, and at the same time, the two highest-order cases are proved respectively. Moreover, the problems of stability and limit cycle bifurcated from the origin and the equator are studied comparatively, then some better results are obtained.展开更多
The Internet of Things(IoT)is playing an important role in providing access to affordable,clean and green energy worldwide through the use of smart devices.The current electric power networks will be more reliable,sec...The Internet of Things(IoT)is playing an important role in providing access to affordable,clean and green energy worldwide through the use of smart devices.The current electric power networks will be more reliable,secure,flexible and durable by implementing IoT in power systems.This paper presents a brief discussion about IoT contributions in the development of power systems from a generation,transmission,distribution and consumption point of view.5G cellular networks have a great potential for the development of IoT technology.Additionally,5G cellular networks can be instrumental in supporting the greater communication needs of IoT.This review provides a comprehensive analysis about the role of 5G cellular networks in the growth of IoT technology and power systems.Large amounts of data will be generated due to the incorporation of renewable energy,deployment of the smart grid and the improvements to the electricity market.In this way,in order to realize the connection between things and people,things and things and people and people in power systems,it is essential to apply IoT in power systems.In this case,5G is providing numerous advantages to Power IoT(PIoT)by offering greater opportunities in progress and improvements;however,there are also numerous challenges with the deployment of 5G in PIoT.Finally,this review article provides an overview of the role,implications and challenges of 5G in PIoT.展开更多
Persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA) is a rare congenital cardiovascular malformation that occurs when the pharyngeal fifth aortic arch does not degenerate during the embryonic period. The first case of PFAA was descri...Persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA) is a rare congenital cardiovascular malformation that occurs when the pharyngeal fifth aortic arch does not degenerate during the embryonic period. The first case of PFAA was described in an autopsy specimen in 1969.[1] In 1973, the persistence of a left fifth aortic arch was first reported.[2] Since then, several case reports have described PFAA in different forms. PFAA stenosis associated with type A interruption of the aortic arch (type-A IAA) is most common in clinical practice and requires surgical intervention. From 2013 to 2018, six cases [Table 1 and Table 2] were diagnosed using echocardiography and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Five cases were successfully treated with surgery and followed-up. The purpose of this study was to summarize the clinical characteristics and diagnostic features of PFAA stenosis associated with type-A IAA to improve its diagnostic accuracy and allow for complete pre-operative preparation and proper treatment.展开更多
This article presents the generation of Orbital AngularMomentum(OAM)vortex waves with mode 1 using Uniform Circular Array(UCA)antenna.Two different designs,namely,UCA-1(4-element array antenna)and UCA-2(8-element arra...This article presents the generation of Orbital AngularMomentum(OAM)vortex waves with mode 1 using Uniform Circular Array(UCA)antenna.Two different designs,namely,UCA-1(4-element array antenna)and UCA-2(8-element array antenna),were designed and fabricated using FR-4 substrate to generate OAM mode 1 at 3.5 GHz(5G mid-band).The proposed antenna arrays comprised rectangular microstrip patch elements with inset fed technique.The elements were excited by a carefully designed feeding phase shift network to provide similar output energy at output ports with desired phase shift value.The generated OAM waves were confirmed by measuring the null in the bore sight of their 2D radiation patterns,simulated phase distribution and intensity distribution.The measurement results agree well with the simulation results.Moreover,a detailed mode purity analysis of the generated OAM waves was carried out considering different factors.The investigation found that the greater the number of elements,the higher the purity of the generated OAM wave.Compared with other previous works,the proposed antenna design of this paper is very simple to design and fabricate.In addition,the proposed antennas are compact in design even at lower frequency band with very wide bandwidth to meet the requirements of 5G mid-band applications.展开更多
As the commercialization process of the fifth-generation(5G)communication systems accelerates,research on the sixth genera-tion(6G)is being placed on the agenda in academic and industrial communities all over the worl...As the commercialization process of the fifth-generation(5G)communication systems accelerates,research on the sixth genera-tion(6G)is being placed on the agenda in academic and industrial communities all over the world.6G systems are expected to fur-ther enhance the performance of 5G systems and continue to pen-etrate into all aspects of society,promoting the technological integration of communications with other disciplines,such as arti-ficial intelligence,materials science,and biology.Therefore,a spe-cial issue on the development of the future 6G is both timely and valuable.This special issue contains eight papers detailing recent cutting-edge research achievements from the perspectives of 6G requirements,visions,and enabling technologies.展开更多
Recently attention has been drawn to the frequently observed fifth power of the golden mean in many disciplines of science and technology. Whereas in a forthcoming contribution the focus will be directed towards <i...Recently attention has been drawn to the frequently observed fifth power of the golden mean in many disciplines of science and technology. Whereas in a forthcoming contribution the focus will be directed towards <i>Fibonacci</i> number-based helical structures of living as well as inorganic matter, in this short letter the geometry of the Great Pyramid of the ancient Egyptians was investigated once more. The surprising main result is that the ratio of the in-sphere volume of the pyramid and the pyramid volume itself is given by π⋅<i>φ</i><sup>5</sup>, where <i>φ</i> = 0.618033987<span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅<span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span> is nature’s most important number, the golden mean. In this way not only phase transitions from microscopic to cosmic scale are connected with <i>φ</i><sup>5</sup>, also ingenious ancient builders have intuitively guessed its magic before.展开更多
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program) of China under Grant No.2011AA010200 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No.61771116 and No.91738102
文摘With the exponential growth of the data traffic in wireless communication systems, terahertz(THz) frequency band is envisioned as a promising candidate to support ultra-broadband for future beyond fifth generation(5G), bridging the gap between millimeter wave(mmWave) and optical frequency ranges. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the development towards THz communications and presents some key technologies faced in THz wireless communication systems. Firstly, despite the substantial hardware problems that have to be developed in terms of the THz solid state superheterodyne receiver, high speed THz modulators and THz antennas, the practical THz channel model and the efficient THz beamforming are also described to compensate for the severe path attenuation. Moreover, two different kinds of lab-level THz communication systems are introduced minutely, named a solid state THz communication system and a spatial direct modulation THz communication system, respectively. The solid state THz system converts intermediate frequency(IF) modulated signal to THz frequency while the direct modulation THz system allows the high power THz sources to input for approving the relatively long distance communications. Finally, we discuss several potential application scenarios as well as some vital technical challenges that will be encountered in the future THz communications.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61671145the Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant BE2018121
文摘Millimeter-wave(mm Wave) communications will be used in fifth-generation(5G) mobile communication systems, but they experience severe path loss and have high sensitivity to physical objects, leading to smaller cell radii and complicated network architectures. A coverage extension scheme using large-scale antenna arrays(LSAAs) has been suggested and theoretically proven to be cost-efficient in combination with ultradense small cell networks. To analyze and optimize the LSAA-based network deployments, a comprehensive survey of recent advances in statistical mmWave channel modeling is first presented in terms of channel parameter estimation, large-scale path loss models, and small-scale cluster models. Next, the measurement and modeling results at two 5G candidate mmWave bands(e.g., 28 GHz and 39 GHz) are reviewed and compared in several outdoor scenarios of interest, where the propagation characteristics make crucial contributions to wireless network designs. Finally, the coverage behaviors of systems employing a large number of antenna arrays are discussed, as well as some implications on future mmWave cellular network designs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40672108)State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. SKLLQ0605)
文摘Based on weathering characteristics of the fifth palaeosol layer (S5) of four sections in Guanzhong Plain, the thickness of the weathered profile of the paleosol is determined to be greater than the ordi- nary soil, a weathered and leached loess layer thicker than 2 m. The distribution depth of the red argil- lans, the weathered and leached loess layer, Fe2O3, CaCO3 and Sr content under the S5 all indicate that the precipitation in Guanzhong Plain was over 900 mm at that time. The distribution depth of gravity water zone reached 4.2 m at least, and the soil moisture content was generally more than 20% within the range of 4.2 m. At that time there was sufficient soil moisture and no dried earth layer developed in Guanzhong Plain, suitable for the forest to develop. When this soil developed, the mean annual pre- cipitation was more than the annual soil moisture evaporation. The value of soil moisture balance was positive and the atmospheric precipitation could supply the underground water normally. Soil water was weak acidic in the middle and late stages when S5 developed in Guanzhong Plain. It was a kind of subtropical climate and even more humid and warmer than the northern edge of the subtropical climate zone in Guanzhong Plain when the S5 developed. At that time the subtropical climate was prevailing over the northern side and southern side of Qingling Mountains, showing the Mountains no longer to be the boundary between the subtropical zone and the temperate zone in China. The summer monsoon acted intensely and could go over Qingling Mountains frequently bring abundant precipitation.
文摘The most widely accepted model of Solar System formation, known as the Nebular hypothesis, does not solve the Angular Momentum problem—why is the orbital momentum of Jupiter larger than rotational momentum of the Sun? The present manuscript introduces a Rotational Fission model of creation and evolution of Macrostructures of the World (Superclusters, Galaxies, Extrasolar Systems), based on Overspinning Cores of the World’s Macroobjects, and the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum. The Hypersphere World-Universe model is the only cosmological model in existence that is consistent with this Fundamental Law.
文摘In this paper,two crossover hybrid variable-order derivatives of the cancer model are developed.Grünwald-Letnikov approximation is used to approximate the hybrid fractional and variable-order fractional operators.The existence,uniqueness,and stability of the proposed model are discussed.Adams Bashfourth’s fifth-step method with a hybrid variable-order fractional operator is developed to study the proposed models.Comparative studies with generalized fifth-order Runge-Kutta method are given.Numerical examples and comparative studies to verify the applicability of the used methods and to demonstrate the simplicity of these approximations are presented.We have showcased the efficiency of the proposed method and garnered robust empirical support for our theoretical findings.
文摘A symmetrical quartic polynomial, named golden one, can be connected to coefficients of the icosahedron equation as well as to the gyromagnetic correction of the electron and to number 137. This number is not a mystic one, but is connected with the inverse of Sommerfeld’s fine-structure constant and this way again connected with the electron. From number-theoretical realities, including the reciprocity relation of the golden ratio as effective pre-calculator of nature’s creativeness, a proposed closeness to the icosahedron may point towards the structure of the electron, thought off as a single-strand compacted helically self-confined charged elemantary particle of less spherical but assumed blunted icosahedral shape generated from a high energy double-helix photon. We constructed a chiral Moebius “ball” from a 13 times 180˚twisted double helix strand, where the turning points of 12 generated slings were arranged towards the vertices of a regular icosahedron, belonging to the non-centrosymmetric rotation group I532. Mathematically put, we convert the helical motion of an energy quantum into a stationary motion on a Moebius stripe structure. The radius of the ball is about the Compton radius. This chiral closed circuit Moebius ball motion profile can be tentatively thought off as the dominant quantum vortex structure of the electron, and the model may be named CEWMB (Charged Electromagnetic Wave Moebius Ball). Also the gyromagnetic factor of the electron (g<sub>e</sub> = 2.002319) can be traced back to this special structure. However, nature’s energy infinity principle would suggest a superposition with additional less dominant (secondary) structures, governed also by the golden mean. A suggestion about the possible structure of delocalized hole carriers in the superconducting state is given.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3206300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42477529,42371145,42261026)+2 种基金the China-Pakistan Joint Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(046GJHZ2023069MI)the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program(22ZD6FA005)the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center(E01Z790201).
文摘Precipitation plays a crucial role in the water cycle of Northwest China.Obtaining accurate precipitation data is crucial for regional water resource management,hydrological forecasting,flood control and drought relief.Currently,the applicability of multi-source precipitation products for long time series in Northwest China has not been thoroughly evaluated.In this study,precipitation data from 183 meteorological stations in Northwest China from 1979 to 2020 were selected to assess the regional applicability of four precipitation products(the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate(ERA5),Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC),Climatic Research Unit gridded Time Series Version 4.07(CRU TS v4.07,hereafter CRU),and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM))based on the following statistical indicators:correlation coefficient,root mean square error(RMSE),relative bias(RB),mean absolute error(MAE),probability of detection(POD),false alarm ratio(FAR),and equitable threat score(ETS).The results showed that precipitation in Northwest China was generally high in the east and low in the west,and exhibited an increasing trend from 1979 to 2020.Compared with the station observations,ERA5 showed a larger spatial distribution difference than the other products.The overall overestimation of multi-year average precipitation was approximately 200.00 mm and the degree of overestimation increased with increasing precipitation intensity.The multi-year average precipitation of GPCC and CRU was relatively close to that of station observations.The trend of annual precipitation of TRMM was overestimated in high-altitude regions and the eastern part of Lanzhou with more precipitation.At the monthly scale,GPCC performed well but underestimated precipitation in the Tarim Basin(RB=-4.11%),while ERA5 and TRMM exhibited poor accuracy in high-altitude regions.ERA5 had a large bias(RB≥120.00%)in winter months and a strong dispersion(RMSE≥35.00 mm)in sum
文摘According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics,as of the end of 2023,individuals aged 60 and above in China comprised 21.1% of the national population,with approximately one-fifth being disabled or suffering from dementia,totaling around 50 million people.
文摘On May 15,the world's first fifth-generation"Changheng Series"174,000 m^(3) large LNG carrier "Greenergy Ocean",independently developed,designed and built by CSSC Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding,was christened and delivered five months ahead of the contract term.
文摘Today, the most urgent problem of the existing and future nuclear power industry is to ensure the nuclear and environmental safety of the operation of nuclear power reactor units (NPPs) and nuclear power plants (NPPs). It is solved thanks to the application of deeply echeloned protection and an anti-accident complex of methods and means for effective control of the operation of active reactor zones (AZR). However, the danger of existing NPPs in the world from time to time manifests itself in the form of severe post-project accidents and catastrophes with the release into the environment of a significant amount of radioactive materials dangerous for all living things. The results of the analysis show that the unconditional fulfillment of the main requirements of nuclear environmental safety and biocompatibility is possible only in the so-called wave nuclear reactor of the G-V generation, which, unlike reactors of the previous generations III, II+ and IV, does not require supercritical loading of the core with nuclear fuel. In the active zone of this reactor, nuclear-physical processes governed by physical law are implemented, which exclude the operator’s participation in regulating the reactivity of the reactor’s active zone, which makes it the reactor with the highest level of nuclear and environmental safety today, which is based on the principles of so-called internal safety, free from the human factor. The possibility of burning nuclear fuel based on U238 and Th232 in it expands the reserves of energetic nuclear fuel almost to inexhaustibility. The technology of nuclear reactors of the G5 generation through the secondary use of spent irradiated nuclear fuel (SNF) for the production of energy and energy raw materials with simultaneous burning of it to an environmentally safe state is able to quickly reduce the available stocks and further production of dangerous SNF, guarantee the nuclear and environmental safety of NPPs with reactors G5 and to technologically make nuclear post-project accidents and disaste
文摘Based on the idea of cyclic conformal cosmology, we formulate entropy and quantum number n, and then utilize the minimum uncertainty principle, where Delta E times Delta t equals h-bar, to actualize a prototype delta t time stop in the breakup of supermassive black holes into countless Planck mass-sized black holes. This helps to link entropy, time step, and primordial conditions and define when the cosmological constant may form and the initial inflationary expansion “speed”. All this is used to obtain a model of if a singularity, initially is needed.
文摘Metatarsal fractures are one of the most common injuries of the foot. There has been conflicting literatureon management of fifth metatarsal fractures due to inconsistency with respect to classification of these fractures. This article provides a thorough review of fifth metatarsal fractures with examination of relevant literature to describe the management of fifth metatarsal fractures especially the proximal fracture. A description of nonoperative and operative management for fifth metatarsal fractures according to anatomical region is provided.
文摘We use scalar fields. The scalar field version which we are using is one from Padmanabhan, and the problem is that the scalar field in the Padmanabhan representation is initially only dependent on time. We also refer to a new assumed conservation law which will give new structure as to inflationary expansion and its immediate aftermath. That of the Hubble “constant” is divided by the “time derivative” of the scalar field in the inflation regime and then a long time afterwards. In doing so, we help define when the cosmological constant may form and what they says about the advent of dark energy.
文摘The Jonang School,one of the important Tibetan Buddhist Schools,was founded by Mikyoi Dorje(mi bskyod rdo rje in Tibetan)in the Song Dynasty and formed in the early Yuan Dynasty.The name of the school came to be used as the fifth disciple of Mikyoi Dorje built the monastery in Jonang area.The central doctrine of this school is the"his empty vision"(gzhanstong in Tibetan).It became very popular in U-tsang areas and obtained a peak development during the Yuan Dynasty.has been always blamed that the is the key factor which caused the demise of the Jonang School in U-tsang Area.However,"his empty vision"was nitpicked and Jonang School was excluded from the other Tibetan Buddhist Schools,Jonang School,lack of support from secular world,tended to be decline.During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty,Taranata(1575-1634/1635?),great master of Jonang School,built Ganden Phuntsokling Monastery with support from the Tsangpakhan,and Jonang School became popular for a time.Even though these days Jonang School is still popular in Ngaba and Dartsedo of Sichuan,and Golok of Qinghai,but the Lingshak Nunnery is the only place where practice Jonang Tradition in Tibet Autonomous Region.It has been that the"his empty vision"(gzhanstong in Tibetan)was the main cause for the demise of the Jonang School in U-tsang area.Your authors,based on the historical materials such as the Autobiography of Taranatha,the Biography of the Fifth Dalai Lama,and the Biography of Jetsun Damba Khutuktu,believe that the actual causes of the declination and demise of the Jonang School in U-tsang are the hatred of the Fifth Dalai Lama for Taranatha and the son of Tuxie Tuhan of the Karkha Tribe's visit to Tibetan on the purpose of searching reincarnation.The Fifth Dalai Lama decisively converted the Jonang School into other schools of Tibetan Buddhism to consolidate his political power which in turn caused the demise of the Jonang Tradition in U-tsang area.
文摘For a class of real fifth system, the first 8 singular point quantities of the origin and the first 6 singular point quantities of the equator are obtained, and at the same time, the two highest-order cases are proved respectively. Moreover, the problems of stability and limit cycle bifurcated from the origin and the equator are studied comparatively, then some better results are obtained.
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)is playing an important role in providing access to affordable,clean and green energy worldwide through the use of smart devices.The current electric power networks will be more reliable,secure,flexible and durable by implementing IoT in power systems.This paper presents a brief discussion about IoT contributions in the development of power systems from a generation,transmission,distribution and consumption point of view.5G cellular networks have a great potential for the development of IoT technology.Additionally,5G cellular networks can be instrumental in supporting the greater communication needs of IoT.This review provides a comprehensive analysis about the role of 5G cellular networks in the growth of IoT technology and power systems.Large amounts of data will be generated due to the incorporation of renewable energy,deployment of the smart grid and the improvements to the electricity market.In this way,in order to realize the connection between things and people,things and things and people and people in power systems,it is essential to apply IoT in power systems.In this case,5G is providing numerous advantages to Power IoT(PIoT)by offering greater opportunities in progress and improvements;however,there are also numerous challenges with the deployment of 5G in PIoT.Finally,this review article provides an overview of the role,implications and challenges of 5G in PIoT.
文摘Persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA) is a rare congenital cardiovascular malformation that occurs when the pharyngeal fifth aortic arch does not degenerate during the embryonic period. The first case of PFAA was described in an autopsy specimen in 1969.[1] In 1973, the persistence of a left fifth aortic arch was first reported.[2] Since then, several case reports have described PFAA in different forms. PFAA stenosis associated with type A interruption of the aortic arch (type-A IAA) is most common in clinical practice and requires surgical intervention. From 2013 to 2018, six cases [Table 1 and Table 2] were diagnosed using echocardiography and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Five cases were successfully treated with surgery and followed-up. The purpose of this study was to summarize the clinical characteristics and diagnostic features of PFAA stenosis associated with type-A IAA to improve its diagnostic accuracy and allow for complete pre-operative preparation and proper treatment.
基金supported by Ministry of Higher Education through the FundamentalResearch Grant Scheme(FRGS)under a grant number of FRGS/1/2020/ICT09/UNIMAP/02/2.
文摘This article presents the generation of Orbital AngularMomentum(OAM)vortex waves with mode 1 using Uniform Circular Array(UCA)antenna.Two different designs,namely,UCA-1(4-element array antenna)and UCA-2(8-element array antenna),were designed and fabricated using FR-4 substrate to generate OAM mode 1 at 3.5 GHz(5G mid-band).The proposed antenna arrays comprised rectangular microstrip patch elements with inset fed technique.The elements were excited by a carefully designed feeding phase shift network to provide similar output energy at output ports with desired phase shift value.The generated OAM waves were confirmed by measuring the null in the bore sight of their 2D radiation patterns,simulated phase distribution and intensity distribution.The measurement results agree well with the simulation results.Moreover,a detailed mode purity analysis of the generated OAM waves was carried out considering different factors.The investigation found that the greater the number of elements,the higher the purity of the generated OAM wave.Compared with other previous works,the proposed antenna design of this paper is very simple to design and fabricate.In addition,the proposed antennas are compact in design even at lower frequency band with very wide bandwidth to meet the requirements of 5G mid-band applications.
文摘As the commercialization process of the fifth-generation(5G)communication systems accelerates,research on the sixth genera-tion(6G)is being placed on the agenda in academic and industrial communities all over the world.6G systems are expected to fur-ther enhance the performance of 5G systems and continue to pen-etrate into all aspects of society,promoting the technological integration of communications with other disciplines,such as arti-ficial intelligence,materials science,and biology.Therefore,a spe-cial issue on the development of the future 6G is both timely and valuable.This special issue contains eight papers detailing recent cutting-edge research achievements from the perspectives of 6G requirements,visions,and enabling technologies.
文摘Recently attention has been drawn to the frequently observed fifth power of the golden mean in many disciplines of science and technology. Whereas in a forthcoming contribution the focus will be directed towards <i>Fibonacci</i> number-based helical structures of living as well as inorganic matter, in this short letter the geometry of the Great Pyramid of the ancient Egyptians was investigated once more. The surprising main result is that the ratio of the in-sphere volume of the pyramid and the pyramid volume itself is given by π⋅<i>φ</i><sup>5</sup>, where <i>φ</i> = 0.618033987<span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅<span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span> is nature’s most important number, the golden mean. In this way not only phase transitions from microscopic to cosmic scale are connected with <i>φ</i><sup>5</sup>, also ingenious ancient builders have intuitively guessed its magic before.
