The success of high-power fiber lasers is fueled by maturation of active and passive fibers,combined with the availability of high-power fiber-based components.In this contribution,we first overview the enormous poten...The success of high-power fiber lasers is fueled by maturation of active and passive fibers,combined with the availability of high-power fiber-based components.In this contribution,we first overview the enormous potential of rare-earth doped fibers in spectral coverage and recent developments of key fiber-based components employed in high-power laser systems.Subsequently,the emerging functional active and passive fibers in recent years,which exhibit tremendous advantages in balancing or mitigating parasitic nonlinearities hindering high-power transmission,are outlined from the perspectives of geo-metric and material engineering.Finally,novel functional applications of conventional fiber-based components for nonlinear suppression or spatial mode selection,and correspondingly,the high-power progress of function fiber-based components in power handling are introduced,which suggest more flexible controllability on high-power laser operations.展开更多
Owing to its subtropical or tropical environment and climate,South China is home to unique agricultural crops such as sugar cane,pineapple,banana,cassava,and rice,which generate a large amount of lignocellulosic agric...Owing to its subtropical or tropical environment and climate,South China is home to unique agricultural crops such as sugar cane,pineapple,banana,cassava,and rice,which generate a large amount of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes during agricultural as well as associated industrial processing.The efficient utilization of these wastes will have a significant impact on the economy and sustainable development of South China.This paper reviews the research investigations conducted both in China and elsewhere on the conversion of wastes from these subtropical or tropical agricultural crops into useful chemicals,energy,and biomaterials.The goal of this paper is to promote and summarize the extensive investigations on these agricultural wastes for the development of biorefinery.展开更多
To meet the requirements for the mechanical and electrochemical performance for carbon fiber-based (CF-based) composites in the structural lithium ion batteries (SLIBs) application, better CF-Based composites are urge...To meet the requirements for the mechanical and electrochemical performance for carbon fiber-based (CF-based) composites in the structural lithium ion batteries (SLIBs) application, better CF-Based composites are urgently needed. Herein, we report a novel composite metal organic framework (MOF)-derived ZnCo_2 O_4/C@carbon fiber via a facile method and subsequent annealing treatment. In this anode,the nano ZnCo_2 O_4/C coatings wrapped on the surface of CF provide more active sites for electrode reactions and the thin carbon layers give the additional protection. For this material, after 100 cycles, it exhibits excellent cycling stability including high reversible capacity of 463 mAh/g at 50 mA/g, which increases 201% than that of the CF. Thus, this structural anode material exhibits enhanced capacity, high initial columbic efficiency.展开更多
Neutral aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)have tremendous potential for grid-level energy storage and portable wearable devices.However,certain performance deficiencies of the components have limited the employment of Z...Neutral aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)have tremendous potential for grid-level energy storage and portable wearable devices.However,certain performance deficiencies of the components have limited the employment of ZIBs in practical applications.Recently,a range of pristine materials and their composites with fiber-based structures have been used to produce more efficient cathodes,anodes,current collectors,and separators for addressing the current challenges in ZIBs.Numerous functional materials can be manufactured into different fiber forms,which can be subsequently converted into various yarn structures,or interwoven into different 2D and 3D fabric-like constructions to attain various electrochemical performances and mechanical flexibility.In this review,we provide an overview of the concepts and principles of fiber-based materials for ZIBs,after which the application of various materials in fiber-based structures are discussed under different domains of ZIB components.Consequently,the current challenges of these materials,fabrication technologies and corre-sponding future development prospects are addressed.展开更多
Carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 12(CF/PA12),a new material renowned for its excellent mechanical and thermal properties,has drawn significant industry attention.Using the steady-state research to heat transfer,a ser...Carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 12(CF/PA12),a new material renowned for its excellent mechanical and thermal properties,has drawn significant industry attention.Using the steady-state research to heat transfer,a series of simulations to investigate the heat transfer properties of CF/PA12 were conducted in this study.Firstly,by building two-and three-dimensional models,the effects of the porosity,carbon fiber content,and arrangement on the heat transfer of CF/PA12 were examined.A validation of the simulation model was carried out and the findings were consistent with those of the experiment.Then,the simulation results using the above models showed that within the volume fraction from 0% to 28%,the thermal conductivity of CF/PA12 increased greatly from 0.0242 W/(m·K)to 10.8848 W/(m·K).The increasing porosity had little influence on heat transfer characteristic of CF/PA12.The direction of the carbon fiber arrangement affects the heat transfer impact,and optimal outcomes were achieved when the heat flow direction was parallel to the carbon fiber.This research contributes to improving the production methods and broadening the application scenarios of composite materials.展开更多
BiOX(X=Cl,I,Br)has attracted intensive interest as a photocatalyst for environmental remediation,but its limited pho-tocatalytic activity versus visible light irradiation restricts its practical application.Herein,a F...BiOX(X=Cl,I,Br)has attracted intensive interest as a photocatalyst for environmental remediation,but its limited pho-tocatalytic activity versus visible light irradiation restricts its practical application.Herein,a Fe^(3+)-doped BiOCl_(x)I_(1-x)solid solution(Fe-BiOCl_(x)I_(1-x))was synthesized in situ on an amidoxime-functionalized fibrous support via a one-pot solvothermal approach.Comprehensive characterization and DFT calculations indicate that the robust chelated interaction between ami-doxime groups and Fe^(3+)greatly boosts the crystal growth of nanosized Fe-BiOCl_(x)I_(1–x)on the fibrous surface,simultaneously tunes its electronic structure for improved light harvesting and oxygen vacancy creation,and enables the fibrous support to act as an electron sink for efficient charge separation.These synergistic qualities result in high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic contaminants,which outperforms that obtained for unsupported Fe-BiOCl_(x)I_(1-x)and other fibrous samples by several times.Our findings highlight the importance of functionalized support design for the development of efficient BiOX photocatalysts under visible light irradiation.展开更多
Graphene fiber-based supercapacitors hold great promise as flexible energy-storage devices. However, simultaneously achieving high ion-transport ability in electrode and electrolyte layer, which is crucial for realizi...Graphene fiber-based supercapacitors hold great promise as flexible energy-storage devices. However, simultaneously achieving high ion-transport ability in electrode and electrolyte layer, which is crucial for realizing the high electrochemical performance, still remains challenging. Here, a facile and effective strategy to solve the problem was proposed by developing a twisting-structured graphene/carbon nanotube(CNT) fiber supercapacitor via one-step wet-spinning process with customized multi-channel spinneret.The remarkable structure features of the resulting fiber supercapacitor with wrinkled and thin electrolyte layer, and well-developed porosity of fiber electrode favored the rapid infiltration and transport of electrolyte ions inside the electrode, as well as between electrode and electrolyte, thus boosting high specific capacitance of 187.6 mF cm^(-2) and energy density of 30.2 μWh cm^(-2), and featuring long cycling life(93%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles) and excellent flexibility. Moreover, the specific capacitance and energy density could be further improved to 267.2 m F cm^(-2) and 66.8 μWh cm^(-2), respectively, when Mn O2 was incorporated into the fiber.展开更多
Fiber-based supercapacitors （FSCs） are new members of the energy storage family. They present excellent flexibility and have promising applications in lightweight, flexible, and wearable devices. One of the existing...Fiber-based supercapacitors （FSCs） are new members of the energy storage family. They present excellent flexibility and have promising applications in lightweight, flexible, and wearable devices. One of the existing challenges of FSCs is enhancing their energy density while retaining the flexibility. We developed a facile and cost-effective method to fabricate a highly capacitive positive electrode based on hierarchical ferric-cobalt-nickel ternary oxide nanowire arrays/graphene fibers and a negative electrode based on polyaniline-derived carbon nanorods/graphene fibers. The elegant microstructures and excellent electrochemical performances of both electrodes enabled us to construct a high- performance flexible asymmetric graphene fiber-based supercapacitor device with an operating voltage of 1.4 V, a specific capacitance up to 61.58 mF.cm-2, and an energy density reaching 16.76 μW·h·cm-2. Moreover, the optimal device presents an outstanding cycling stability with 87.5% initial capacitance retention after 8,000 cycles, and an excellent flexibility with a capacitance retention of 90.9% after 4,000 cycles of repetitive bending.展开更多
Fiber-based microplastics(FMPs)are highly persistent and ubiquitously exist in the wastewater of textile industry and urban sewage.It remains challenging to completely remove such newly emerged organic pollutants by t...Fiber-based microplastics(FMPs)are highly persistent and ubiquitously exist in the wastewater of textile industry and urban sewage.It remains challenging to completely remove such newly emerged organic pollutants by the predominant physical techniques.In this work,we investigated a photocatalytic degradation catalyzed by TiO_(2) catalyst to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing efficient chemical protocol to fast degrading polyethylene terephthalate(PET)-FMPs(a major FMP type existing in environment).The result shows that a hydrothermal pretreatment(180℃/12 h)is necessary to induce the initial rough appearance and molecular weight reduction.With the comprehensive action of the nano-flower shaped N doped-TiO_(2) catalyst(Pt@N-TiO_(2)-1.5%)on the relatively low molecular weight intermediates,an approximate 29%weight loss was induced on the pretreated PET-FMPs,which is about 8 times superior to the untreated sample.This work not only achieves a superior degradation effect of PET-FMPs,but also provides a new inspiration for the proposal of reduction strategies in the field of environmental remediation in the future.展开更多
In this study,the influence of thermoforming conditions on the resulting material properties was investigated,which aimed at developing advanced wood-fiber-based materials for the replacement of fossil plastics.Two bl...In this study,the influence of thermoforming conditions on the resulting material properties was investigated,which aimed at developing advanced wood-fiber-based materials for the replacement of fossil plastics.Two bleached softwood pulps were studied,i.e.,northern bleached softwood Kraft pulp(NBSK)and chemi-thermomechanical softwood pulp(CTMP).The thermoforming conditions were varied between 2–100 MPa and 150–200℃,while pressing sheets of 500 g/m^(2)for 10 min to represent thin-walled packaging more closely.As our results showed,the temperature had a more pronounced effect on the CTMP substrates than on the Kraft pulp.This was explained by the greater abundance of lignin and hemicelluloses,while fibrillar dimensions and the fines content may play a role in addition.Moreover,the CTMP exhibited an optimum in terms of tensile strength at intermediate thermoforming pressure.This effect was attributed to two counteracting effects:1)Improved fiber adhesion due to enhanced densification,and 2)embrittlement caused by the loss of extensibility.High temperatures likely softened the lignin,enabling fiber collapse and a tighter packing.For the Kraft substrates,the tensile strength increased linearly with density.Both pulps showed reduced wetting at elevated thermoforming temperature and pressure,which was attributed to hornification and densification effects.Here,the effect of temperature was again more pronounced for CTMP than for the Kraft fibers.It was concluded that the thermoforming temperature and pressure strongly affected the properties of the final material.The chemical composition of the pulps will distinctly affect their response to thermoforming,which could be useful for tailoring cellulose-based replacements for packaging products.展开更多
Delivering light to the nanoscale using a flexible and easily integrated fiber platform holds potential in various fields of quantum science and bioscience.However,rigorous optical alignment,sophisticated fabrication ...Delivering light to the nanoscale using a flexible and easily integrated fiber platform holds potential in various fields of quantum science and bioscience.However,rigorous optical alignment,sophisticated fabrication process,and low spatial resolution of the fiber-based nanoconcentrators limit the practical applications.Here,a broadband azimuthal plasmon interference nanofocusing technique on a fiber-coupled spiral tip is demonstrated for fiber-based near-field optical nanoimaging.The spiral plasmonic fiber tip fabricated through a robust and reproducible process can reverse the polarization and modulate the mode field of the surface plasmon polaritons in three-dimensionally azimuthal direction,resulting in polarization-insensitive,broad-bandwidth,and azimuthal interference nanofocusing.By integrating this with a basic scanning near-field optical microscopy,a high optical resolution of 31 nm and beyond is realized.The high performance and the easy incorporation with various existing measurement platforms offered by this fiber-based nanofocusing technique have great potential in near-field optics,tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,nonlinear spectroscopy,and quantum sensing.展开更多
Wearable fiber-based electronics have found diverse applications including energy storage,healthcare or thermal management,etc.In particular,additive-free aqueous inks play significant roles in fabrication of wearable...Wearable fiber-based electronics have found diverse applications including energy storage,healthcare or thermal management,etc.In particular,additive-free aqueous inks play significant roles in fabrication of wearable fiber-based devices,owning to their nontoxic nature and ease of manufacturing.Herein,wearable carbon fiber-based asymmetric supercapacitors(WASSC)are developed based on additive-free aqueous MXene inks,for self-powering healthcare sensors.The sediments of MXene without further modification are used as inks.Furthermore,combined with additive-free aqueous MXene/polyaniline(MP)inks,WASSC,with a wide voltage window and high capacitance is developed for practical energy supply.Impressively,WASSC has been successfully utilized to power wearable pressure sensors that could monitor motions and pulse signals.This wearable self-powered monitoring system on can accurately monitor the human motions,pronunciation,swallow or wrist pulse,without using the rigid batteries.This advantage realizes a great potential in simple and cost effective monitoring of human health and activities.Besides,self-powered system enables waste recycling of MXene and provides an effective approach for designing wearable and fiber-based self-powered sensors.展开更多
Wearable electronics on fibers or fabrics assembled with electronic functions provide a platform for sensors,displays,circuitry,and computation.These new conceptual devices are human-friendly and programmable,which ma...Wearable electronics on fibers or fabrics assembled with electronic functions provide a platform for sensors,displays,circuitry,and computation.These new conceptual devices are human-friendly and programmable,which makes them indis-pensable for modern electronics.Their unique properties such as being adaptable in daily life,as well as being lightweight and flexible,have enabled many promising applications in robotics,healthcare,and the Internet of Things(IoT).Transistors,one of the fundamental blocks in electronic systems,allow for signal processing and computing.Therefore,study leading to integration of transistors with fabrics has become intensive.Here,several aspects of fiber-based transistors are addressed,including materials,system structures,and their functional devices such as sensory,logical circuitry,memory devices as well as neuromorphic computation.Recently reported advances in development and challenges to realizing fully integrated electronic textile(e-textile)systems are also discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62035015,No.61805280,No.62061136013)Innovation Group of Hunan Province,China(No.2019JJ10005)+1 种基金Hunan Innovative Province Construction Project,China(No.2019RS3017)the Research Plan of National University of Defense Technology(No.ZK19-07).
文摘The success of high-power fiber lasers is fueled by maturation of active and passive fibers,combined with the availability of high-power fiber-based components.In this contribution,we first overview the enormous potential of rare-earth doped fibers in spectral coverage and recent developments of key fiber-based components employed in high-power laser systems.Subsequently,the emerging functional active and passive fibers in recent years,which exhibit tremendous advantages in balancing or mitigating parasitic nonlinearities hindering high-power transmission,are outlined from the perspectives of geo-metric and material engineering.Finally,novel functional applications of conventional fiber-based components for nonlinear suppression or spatial mode selection,and correspondingly,the high-power progress of function fiber-based components in power handling are introduced,which suggest more flexible controllability on high-power laser operations.
基金support from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M590783)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education of China(KF2015013)
文摘Owing to its subtropical or tropical environment and climate,South China is home to unique agricultural crops such as sugar cane,pineapple,banana,cassava,and rice,which generate a large amount of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes during agricultural as well as associated industrial processing.The efficient utilization of these wastes will have a significant impact on the economy and sustainable development of South China.This paper reviews the research investigations conducted both in China and elsewhere on the conversion of wastes from these subtropical or tropical agricultural crops into useful chemicals,energy,and biomaterials.The goal of this paper is to promote and summarize the extensive investigations on these agricultural wastes for the development of biorefinery.
文摘To meet the requirements for the mechanical and electrochemical performance for carbon fiber-based (CF-based) composites in the structural lithium ion batteries (SLIBs) application, better CF-Based composites are urgently needed. Herein, we report a novel composite metal organic framework (MOF)-derived ZnCo_2 O_4/C@carbon fiber via a facile method and subsequent annealing treatment. In this anode,the nano ZnCo_2 O_4/C coatings wrapped on the surface of CF provide more active sites for electrode reactions and the thin carbon layers give the additional protection. For this material, after 100 cycles, it exhibits excellent cycling stability including high reversible capacity of 463 mAh/g at 50 mA/g, which increases 201% than that of the CF. Thus, this structural anode material exhibits enhanced capacity, high initial columbic efficiency.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210480)Hong Kong Scholars Program(P0035017).
文摘Neutral aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)have tremendous potential for grid-level energy storage and portable wearable devices.However,certain performance deficiencies of the components have limited the employment of ZIBs in practical applications.Recently,a range of pristine materials and their composites with fiber-based structures have been used to produce more efficient cathodes,anodes,current collectors,and separators for addressing the current challenges in ZIBs.Numerous functional materials can be manufactured into different fiber forms,which can be subsequently converted into various yarn structures,or interwoven into different 2D and 3D fabric-like constructions to attain various electrochemical performances and mechanical flexibility.In this review,we provide an overview of the concepts and principles of fiber-based materials for ZIBs,after which the application of various materials in fiber-based structures are discussed under different domains of ZIB components.Consequently,the current challenges of these materials,fabrication technologies and corre-sponding future development prospects are addressed.
基金Projects(52206216,52376085)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023JJ40744)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China。
文摘Carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 12(CF/PA12),a new material renowned for its excellent mechanical and thermal properties,has drawn significant industry attention.Using the steady-state research to heat transfer,a series of simulations to investigate the heat transfer properties of CF/PA12 were conducted in this study.Firstly,by building two-and three-dimensional models,the effects of the porosity,carbon fiber content,and arrangement on the heat transfer of CF/PA12 were examined.A validation of the simulation model was carried out and the findings were consistent with those of the experiment.Then,the simulation results using the above models showed that within the volume fraction from 0% to 28%,the thermal conductivity of CF/PA12 increased greatly from 0.0242 W/(m·K)to 10.8848 W/(m·K).The increasing porosity had little influence on heat transfer characteristic of CF/PA12.The direction of the carbon fiber arrangement affects the heat transfer impact,and optimal outcomes were achieved when the heat flow direction was parallel to the carbon fiber.This research contributes to improving the production methods and broadening the application scenarios of composite materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5200319221806121)+1 种基金Special Fund Project for Technology Innovation of Tianjin City(20YDTPJC00920)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(15JCQNJC06300).
文摘BiOX(X=Cl,I,Br)has attracted intensive interest as a photocatalyst for environmental remediation,but its limited pho-tocatalytic activity versus visible light irradiation restricts its practical application.Herein,a Fe^(3+)-doped BiOCl_(x)I_(1-x)solid solution(Fe-BiOCl_(x)I_(1-x))was synthesized in situ on an amidoxime-functionalized fibrous support via a one-pot solvothermal approach.Comprehensive characterization and DFT calculations indicate that the robust chelated interaction between ami-doxime groups and Fe^(3+)greatly boosts the crystal growth of nanosized Fe-BiOCl_(x)I_(1–x)on the fibrous surface,simultaneously tunes its electronic structure for improved light harvesting and oxygen vacancy creation,and enables the fibrous support to act as an electron sink for efficient charge separation.These synergistic qualities result in high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic contaminants,which outperforms that obtained for unsupported Fe-BiOCl_(x)I_(1-x)and other fibrous samples by several times.Our findings highlight the importance of functionalized support design for the development of efficient BiOX photocatalysts under visible light irradiation.
基金financial supports from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0203301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1710122, 51862035, 21773293)+5 种基金the Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents in the Universities of Henan Province (18HASTIT007)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Provinceof China (182300410201, 182300410202)Jiangxi Double Thousand Talents Program (Y. Zhang, S2018LQCQ0016)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province (20181ACH80008, 20181ACE50012)the Key Foundation of He’nan Educational Committee (18A150029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province (NSFRF180337)。
文摘Graphene fiber-based supercapacitors hold great promise as flexible energy-storage devices. However, simultaneously achieving high ion-transport ability in electrode and electrolyte layer, which is crucial for realizing the high electrochemical performance, still remains challenging. Here, a facile and effective strategy to solve the problem was proposed by developing a twisting-structured graphene/carbon nanotube(CNT) fiber supercapacitor via one-step wet-spinning process with customized multi-channel spinneret.The remarkable structure features of the resulting fiber supercapacitor with wrinkled and thin electrolyte layer, and well-developed porosity of fiber electrode favored the rapid infiltration and transport of electrolyte ions inside the electrode, as well as between electrode and electrolyte, thus boosting high specific capacitance of 187.6 mF cm^(-2) and energy density of 30.2 μWh cm^(-2), and featuring long cycling life(93%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles) and excellent flexibility. Moreover, the specific capacitance and energy density could be further improved to 267.2 m F cm^(-2) and 66.8 μWh cm^(-2), respectively, when Mn O2 was incorporated into the fiber.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R＆D Program of China （No. 2017YFB0406000）, the Key Research Program of Frontier Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. QYZDB-SSW-SLH031）, the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China （Nos. BK20160399 and BK20140392）, the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Jiangsu Province （No. BA2016026）, the Postdoctoral Foundation of Jiangsu Province （No. 1601065B）, and the Science and Technology Project of Suzhou, China （Nos. SZS201508, ZXG201428, and ZXG201401）.
文摘Fiber-based supercapacitors （FSCs） are new members of the energy storage family. They present excellent flexibility and have promising applications in lightweight, flexible, and wearable devices. One of the existing challenges of FSCs is enhancing their energy density while retaining the flexibility. We developed a facile and cost-effective method to fabricate a highly capacitive positive electrode based on hierarchical ferric-cobalt-nickel ternary oxide nanowire arrays/graphene fibers and a negative electrode based on polyaniline-derived carbon nanorods/graphene fibers. The elegant microstructures and excellent electrochemical performances of both electrodes enabled us to construct a high- performance flexible asymmetric graphene fiber-based supercapacitor device with an operating voltage of 1.4 V, a specific capacitance up to 61.58 mF.cm-2, and an energy density reaching 16.76 μW·h·cm-2. Moreover, the optimal device presents an outstanding cycling stability with 87.5% initial capacitance retention after 8,000 cycles, and an excellent flexibility with a capacitance retention of 90.9% after 4,000 cycles of repetitive bending.
基金The authors are grateful for financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232021A-02)Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(No.21ZR1480000)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52122312)State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University.
文摘Fiber-based microplastics(FMPs)are highly persistent and ubiquitously exist in the wastewater of textile industry and urban sewage.It remains challenging to completely remove such newly emerged organic pollutants by the predominant physical techniques.In this work,we investigated a photocatalytic degradation catalyzed by TiO_(2) catalyst to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing efficient chemical protocol to fast degrading polyethylene terephthalate(PET)-FMPs(a major FMP type existing in environment).The result shows that a hydrothermal pretreatment(180℃/12 h)is necessary to induce the initial rough appearance and molecular weight reduction.With the comprehensive action of the nano-flower shaped N doped-TiO_(2) catalyst(Pt@N-TiO_(2)-1.5%)on the relatively low molecular weight intermediates,an approximate 29%weight loss was induced on the pretreated PET-FMPs,which is about 8 times superior to the untreated sample.This work not only achieves a superior degradation effect of PET-FMPs,but also provides a new inspiration for the proposal of reduction strategies in the field of environmental remediation in the future.
文摘In this study,the influence of thermoforming conditions on the resulting material properties was investigated,which aimed at developing advanced wood-fiber-based materials for the replacement of fossil plastics.Two bleached softwood pulps were studied,i.e.,northern bleached softwood Kraft pulp(NBSK)and chemi-thermomechanical softwood pulp(CTMP).The thermoforming conditions were varied between 2–100 MPa and 150–200℃,while pressing sheets of 500 g/m^(2)for 10 min to represent thin-walled packaging more closely.As our results showed,the temperature had a more pronounced effect on the CTMP substrates than on the Kraft pulp.This was explained by the greater abundance of lignin and hemicelluloses,while fibrillar dimensions and the fines content may play a role in addition.Moreover,the CTMP exhibited an optimum in terms of tensile strength at intermediate thermoforming pressure.This effect was attributed to two counteracting effects:1)Improved fiber adhesion due to enhanced densification,and 2)embrittlement caused by the loss of extensibility.High temperatures likely softened the lignin,enabling fiber collapse and a tighter packing.For the Kraft substrates,the tensile strength increased linearly with density.Both pulps showed reduced wetting at elevated thermoforming temperature and pressure,which was attributed to hornification and densification effects.Here,the effect of temperature was again more pronounced for CTMP than for the Kraft fibers.It was concluded that the thermoforming temperature and pressure strongly affected the properties of the final material.The chemical composition of the pulps will distinctly affect their response to thermoforming,which could be useful for tailoring cellulose-based replacements for packaging products.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the support by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52225507)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF0700402)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2021GXLH-Z-029).
文摘Delivering light to the nanoscale using a flexible and easily integrated fiber platform holds potential in various fields of quantum science and bioscience.However,rigorous optical alignment,sophisticated fabrication process,and low spatial resolution of the fiber-based nanoconcentrators limit the practical applications.Here,a broadband azimuthal plasmon interference nanofocusing technique on a fiber-coupled spiral tip is demonstrated for fiber-based near-field optical nanoimaging.The spiral plasmonic fiber tip fabricated through a robust and reproducible process can reverse the polarization and modulate the mode field of the surface plasmon polaritons in three-dimensionally azimuthal direction,resulting in polarization-insensitive,broad-bandwidth,and azimuthal interference nanofocusing.By integrating this with a basic scanning near-field optical microscopy,a high optical resolution of 31 nm and beyond is realized.The high performance and the easy incorporation with various existing measurement platforms offered by this fiber-based nanofocusing technique have great potential in near-field optics,tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,nonlinear spectroscopy,and quantum sensing.
基金We are grateful for the financial support from State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University(Grant No.KF2112)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22074010)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018AAA0100300,2020YFB2008502)Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry,Dalian University of Technology,China.
文摘Wearable fiber-based electronics have found diverse applications including energy storage,healthcare or thermal management,etc.In particular,additive-free aqueous inks play significant roles in fabrication of wearable fiber-based devices,owning to their nontoxic nature and ease of manufacturing.Herein,wearable carbon fiber-based asymmetric supercapacitors(WASSC)are developed based on additive-free aqueous MXene inks,for self-powering healthcare sensors.The sediments of MXene without further modification are used as inks.Furthermore,combined with additive-free aqueous MXene/polyaniline(MP)inks,WASSC,with a wide voltage window and high capacitance is developed for practical energy supply.Impressively,WASSC has been successfully utilized to power wearable pressure sensors that could monitor motions and pulse signals.This wearable self-powered monitoring system on can accurately monitor the human motions,pronunciation,swallow or wrist pulse,without using the rigid batteries.This advantage realizes a great potential in simple and cost effective monitoring of human health and activities.Besides,self-powered system enables waste recycling of MXene and provides an effective approach for designing wearable and fiber-based self-powered sensors.
基金This work was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2(Nos.MOE2019-T2-2-127 and MOE-T2EP50120-0002),A*STAR under AME IRG(No.A2083c0062)the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1(Nos.RG90/19 and RG73/19)the Singapore National Research Foundation Competitive Research Program(No.NRF-CRP18-2017-02)。
文摘Wearable electronics on fibers or fabrics assembled with electronic functions provide a platform for sensors,displays,circuitry,and computation.These new conceptual devices are human-friendly and programmable,which makes them indis-pensable for modern electronics.Their unique properties such as being adaptable in daily life,as well as being lightweight and flexible,have enabled many promising applications in robotics,healthcare,and the Internet of Things(IoT).Transistors,one of the fundamental blocks in electronic systems,allow for signal processing and computing.Therefore,study leading to integration of transistors with fabrics has become intensive.Here,several aspects of fiber-based transistors are addressed,including materials,system structures,and their functional devices such as sensory,logical circuitry,memory devices as well as neuromorphic computation.Recently reported advances in development and challenges to realizing fully integrated electronic textile(e-textile)systems are also discussed.
