Land use change is one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss. In the last 20 years, China＇s land use pattern has undergone profound changes. This study constructs an Eco- system Comprehensive Anthropogenic Disturb...Land use change is one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss. In the last 20 years, China＇s land use pattern has undergone profound changes. This study constructs an Eco- system Comprehensive Anthropogenic Disturbance Index （ECADI） to assess disturbance impacts of land use change between 1990 and 2010 on biodiversity conservation priority areas at national and regional scales. Four levels of biodiversity conservation areas were categorized： generally important areas, moderately important areas, important areas, and very important areas. The results indicated a higher ECADI value in 2010 in Central and Eastern China than in Western China, and the values of the moderately important, important and very important regions were lower than the average value of the whole country at all levels. Notably, in recent 20 years, the change extent of ECADI values in Central and Eastern China were much greater compared with that in Western China, and ECADI values in the moderately important, important and very important biodiversity conservation areas all showed increasing trends, with the increasing extent lower than that of whole China at all levels. Due to human activities such as urbanization in Eastern China and cropland reclama- tion in Northeast China and Xinjiang, ECADI values showed a medium increase trend （the change rate was about 1%-5% in 10 years）, which indicated the need for more conservation efforts in those regions. However, ECADI values in the Loess Plateau presented a low decline trend （the change rate was about-1% to -0.1% in 10 years） after 2000 because of the ob- vious effectiveness of Green for Grain Project. Furthermore, the variation was negligible in the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
Large scale underground mining of coal resources in China using longwall mining has resulted in ecological and environment problems, including surface subsidence that is considered serious due to competing interests o...Large scale underground mining of coal resources in China using longwall mining has resulted in ecological and environment problems, including surface subsidence that is considered serious due to competing interests of prime agricultural lands, food security, and regional economic development. The subsided lands must be rehabilitated soon after mining to be agriculturally productive to minimize loss of farmland. Similarly, precious water resources must also be managed during and after mining to protect this natural resource. Toward these goals, the concept of ＂Concurrent mining and subsidence reclamation （CMR）＂ was proposed by Professor Hu of the China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing （CUMTB）. Over the last two decades CMR concepts have evolved and successfully applied in the field in different parts of China. This innovative technology has increased available farmland during the mining process, and provided better land protection and food security in mining areas even with high groundwater table. The technology has been used in 5 of the 14 large coal bases in China. This paper describes the technology concepts, design and guiding principles for planning with two case studies from different regions to enhance its application both in China and in other countries.展开更多
Rapid urbanization and continuous loss of rural labor force has resulted in abandonment of large areas of farmland in some regions of China. Remote sensing technology can indirectly help detect abandoned farmland size...Rapid urbanization and continuous loss of rural labor force has resulted in abandonment of large areas of farmland in some regions of China. Remote sensing technology can indirectly help detect abandoned farmland size and quantity, which is of great significance for farmland protection and food security. This study took Qingyun and Wudi counties in Shandong Province as a study area and used CART decision tree classification to compile land use maps of 1990–2017 based on Landsat and HJ-1 A data. We developed rules to identify abandoned farmland, and explored its spatial distribution, duration, and reclamation. CART accuracy exceeded 85% from 1990–2017. The maximum abandoned farmland area was 5503.86 ha during 1992–2017, with the maximum rate being 5.37%. Farmland abandonment rate was the highest during 1996–1998, and abandonment trend decreased year by year after 2006. Maximum abandonment duration was 15 years(1992–2017), mostly within 4 years and only a few exceeded 10 years. From 1993–2017, the maximum reclaimed abandoned farmland was 2022.3 ha, and the minimum ～20 ha. The maximum reclamation rate was 67.44%m, with annual average rate being 31.83%. This study will help analyze farmland abandonment driving forces in the study area and also provide references to identify abandoned farmland in other areas.展开更多
The structure and dynamics of land resources system in the shelter forest region in the Northeast Plain is discussed according to the remote sensing and statistical information from the typical profiles and spots. For...The structure and dynamics of land resources system in the shelter forest region in the Northeast Plain is discussed according to the remote sensing and statistical information from the typical profiles and spots. For agricultural utilization, the land resources system is made up of five components, i.e. man, land resources, water resources,climatic resources and barren land. The local economy depends heavily upon its land resources, especially farm land. Having been exploited for 50-60 years from the 1930s to 1980s, it has already changed from the reclaiming period into the declining period.There is no waste land to be reclaimed. Facing the increase of population and requirements and the decrease of farmland fertility, proper management of land resources is indispensable if local economic and living level is maintained. It is imperative to make artificial regeneration (highest input) for the land resources and to keep fine circle of thesystem. If only natural regeneration if relied, the system will be changed to vicious circle.展开更多
基金National Key Basic Research Program of China,No.2014CB954302National Science-technology Support Plan Project of China,No.2013BAC03B04
文摘Land use change is one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss. In the last 20 years, China＇s land use pattern has undergone profound changes. This study constructs an Eco- system Comprehensive Anthropogenic Disturbance Index （ECADI） to assess disturbance impacts of land use change between 1990 and 2010 on biodiversity conservation priority areas at national and regional scales. Four levels of biodiversity conservation areas were categorized： generally important areas, moderately important areas, important areas, and very important areas. The results indicated a higher ECADI value in 2010 in Central and Eastern China than in Western China, and the values of the moderately important, important and very important regions were lower than the average value of the whole country at all levels. Notably, in recent 20 years, the change extent of ECADI values in Central and Eastern China were much greater compared with that in Western China, and ECADI values in the moderately important, important and very important biodiversity conservation areas all showed increasing trends, with the increasing extent lower than that of whole China at all levels. Due to human activities such as urbanization in Eastern China and cropland reclama- tion in Northeast China and Xinjiang, ECADI values showed a medium increase trend （the change rate was about 1%-5% in 10 years）, which indicated the need for more conservation efforts in those regions. However, ECADI values in the Loess Plateau presented a low decline trend （the change rate was about-1% to -0.1% in 10 years） after 2000 because of the ob- vious effectiveness of Green for Grain Project. Furthermore, the variation was negligible in the Tibetan Plateau.
文摘Large scale underground mining of coal resources in China using longwall mining has resulted in ecological and environment problems, including surface subsidence that is considered serious due to competing interests of prime agricultural lands, food security, and regional economic development. The subsided lands must be rehabilitated soon after mining to be agriculturally productive to minimize loss of farmland. Similarly, precious water resources must also be managed during and after mining to protect this natural resource. Toward these goals, the concept of ＂Concurrent mining and subsidence reclamation （CMR）＂ was proposed by Professor Hu of the China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing （CUMTB）. Over the last two decades CMR concepts have evolved and successfully applied in the field in different parts of China. This innovative technology has increased available farmland during the mining process, and provided better land protection and food security in mining areas even with high groundwater table. The technology has been used in 5 of the 14 large coal bases in China. This paper describes the technology concepts, design and guiding principles for planning with two case studies from different regions to enhance its application both in China and in other countries.
基金The National High Resolution Earth Observation System(The Civil Part)Technology Projects of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,No.2017-FX-01(1)
文摘Rapid urbanization and continuous loss of rural labor force has resulted in abandonment of large areas of farmland in some regions of China. Remote sensing technology can indirectly help detect abandoned farmland size and quantity, which is of great significance for farmland protection and food security. This study took Qingyun and Wudi counties in Shandong Province as a study area and used CART decision tree classification to compile land use maps of 1990–2017 based on Landsat and HJ-1 A data. We developed rules to identify abandoned farmland, and explored its spatial distribution, duration, and reclamation. CART accuracy exceeded 85% from 1990–2017. The maximum abandoned farmland area was 5503.86 ha during 1992–2017, with the maximum rate being 5.37%. Farmland abandonment rate was the highest during 1996–1998, and abandonment trend decreased year by year after 2006. Maximum abandonment duration was 15 years(1992–2017), mostly within 4 years and only a few exceeded 10 years. From 1993–2017, the maximum reclaimed abandoned farmland was 2022.3 ha, and the minimum ～20 ha. The maximum reclamation rate was 67.44%m, with annual average rate being 31.83%. This study will help analyze farmland abandonment driving forces in the study area and also provide references to identify abandoned farmland in other areas.
文摘The structure and dynamics of land resources system in the shelter forest region in the Northeast Plain is discussed according to the remote sensing and statistical information from the typical profiles and spots. For agricultural utilization, the land resources system is made up of five components, i.e. man, land resources, water resources,climatic resources and barren land. The local economy depends heavily upon its land resources, especially farm land. Having been exploited for 50-60 years from the 1930s to 1980s, it has already changed from the reclaiming period into the declining period.There is no waste land to be reclaimed. Facing the increase of population and requirements and the decrease of farmland fertility, proper management of land resources is indispensable if local economic and living level is maintained. It is imperative to make artificial regeneration (highest input) for the land resources and to keep fine circle of thesystem. If only natural regeneration if relied, the system will be changed to vicious circle.
