Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium balances for agroecosystems in China from 1993 to 2001 were calculated at national and provincial levels using statistical data and related parameters, and their spatial and tempora...Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium balances for agroecosystems in China from 1993 to 2001 were calculated at national and provincial levels using statistical data and related parameters, and their spatial and temporal variabilities were analyzed with GIS to estimate the potential impacts of nutrient N, P and K surpluses or deficits to soil, water and air. At the national scale, the N and P balances from 1993 to 2001 showed a surplus, with the nitrogen surplus remaining relatively stable from 1997—2001. Although during this period the P surplus pattern was similar to N, it had smaller values and kept increasing as the use of phosphate fertilizer increased year by year. However, K was deficient from 1993 to 2001 even though from 1999 to 2001 the K deficit decreased. The spatial analysis revealed higher N surpluses in the more developed southeastern provinces and lowest in the western and northern provinces where there was less chemical fertilizer input. The serious K deficit mainly occurred in Shanghai and Beijing municipalities, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Hubei provinces, and Xinjiang autonomous regions. For the years 1992, 1996 and 2001, N surpluses and K deficits had significant positive spatial correlations with per capita gross domestic product (GDP), per capita gross industrial output value, and per capita net income of rural households. This showed that the level of economic development played an important role on nutrient balances in the agroecosystems.展开更多
Copper smelting is a significant source of SO2 emission. It is important to quantify SO2 emissions from combustion sources for regulatory and control purposes in relation to air quality. The characteristics of SO2 emi...Copper smelting is a significant source of SO2 emission. It is important to quantify SO2 emissions from combustion sources for regulatory and control purposes in relation to air quality. The characteristics of SO2 emissions from copper smelting industry in Yurman Province, China, were examined. Analysis based on the present situation, material balance and measuring method were used to confirm SO2 emission factors of copper smelting industry. Results show that SO2 emission factors for Isa system, side blown-continuous converting system （SB-CC）, blast furnace-continuous converting systems （B-CC） and blast furnace-converter blowing （B-C） are 11.69-18.64, 62.44--101.4, 19.43-37.88 and 45.48-81.03 kg/t（blister copper）, respectively. The comprehensive emission factor based on all smelting plants is found to be in the range of 23-39.99 kg-SO2/t（blister copper） for Yunnan Province, China. The results are compared with those for discharge coefficients of industrial pollutants in the First National General Survey of Pollution Sources and the emission factor of the total amount of major pollutants. It is observed that there are some differences among emission factors.展开更多
目的:探究男、女生人体测量学指标(身高、体重、BMI)与优势腿(Dominant)和非优势腿(Nodominant)的平衡能力的相关性。方法:本实验使用Biodel Balance System SD的单脚站立测试系统自带的常测方案,对81名健康大学生优势腿和非优势腿的平...目的:探究男、女生人体测量学指标(身高、体重、BMI)与优势腿(Dominant)和非优势腿(Nodominant)的平衡能力的相关性。方法:本实验使用Biodel Balance System SD的单脚站立测试系统自带的常测方案,对81名健康大学生优势腿和非优势腿的平衡能力进行测试,选用3个平衡指标OSI、API、MLI进行数据分析。结果:(1)男、女生D和ND的平衡能力差异不显著(p>0.05);(2)性别与OSI、API、MLI的主效应有统计学意义(p<0.01);(3)男、女生BMI与优势腿和非优势腿的相关性显著;(4)API与OSI的相关性显著(维持前后方向的平衡能力与整体的平衡能力相关性显著);(5)不同体质类型间平衡能力差异显著(p<0.05)。结论:BMI是影响平衡能力的主要因素,优势腿与非优势腿间平衡能力差异不显著;维持前后方向平衡的能力是影响平衡能力的主要因素。展开更多
基金1Project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-413).
文摘Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium balances for agroecosystems in China from 1993 to 2001 were calculated at national and provincial levels using statistical data and related parameters, and their spatial and temporal variabilities were analyzed with GIS to estimate the potential impacts of nutrient N, P and K surpluses or deficits to soil, water and air. At the national scale, the N and P balances from 1993 to 2001 showed a surplus, with the nitrogen surplus remaining relatively stable from 1997—2001. Although during this period the P surplus pattern was similar to N, it had smaller values and kept increasing as the use of phosphate fertilizer increased year by year. However, K was deficient from 1993 to 2001 even though from 1999 to 2001 the K deficit decreased. The spatial analysis revealed higher N surpluses in the more developed southeastern provinces and lowest in the western and northern provinces where there was less chemical fertilizer input. The serious K deficit mainly occurred in Shanghai and Beijing municipalities, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Hubei provinces, and Xinjiang autonomous regions. For the years 1992, 1996 and 2001, N surpluses and K deficits had significant positive spatial correlations with per capita gross domestic product (GDP), per capita gross industrial output value, and per capita net income of rural households. This showed that the level of economic development played an important role on nutrient balances in the agroecosystems.
基金Projects(KKK0201022137,KKK0201122183) supported by the Special Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau,China
文摘Copper smelting is a significant source of SO2 emission. It is important to quantify SO2 emissions from combustion sources for regulatory and control purposes in relation to air quality. The characteristics of SO2 emissions from copper smelting industry in Yurman Province, China, were examined. Analysis based on the present situation, material balance and measuring method were used to confirm SO2 emission factors of copper smelting industry. Results show that SO2 emission factors for Isa system, side blown-continuous converting system （SB-CC）, blast furnace-continuous converting systems （B-CC） and blast furnace-converter blowing （B-C） are 11.69-18.64, 62.44--101.4, 19.43-37.88 and 45.48-81.03 kg/t（blister copper）, respectively. The comprehensive emission factor based on all smelting plants is found to be in the range of 23-39.99 kg-SO2/t（blister copper） for Yunnan Province, China. The results are compared with those for discharge coefficients of industrial pollutants in the First National General Survey of Pollution Sources and the emission factor of the total amount of major pollutants. It is observed that there are some differences among emission factors.
文摘目的:探究男、女生人体测量学指标(身高、体重、BMI)与优势腿(Dominant)和非优势腿(Nodominant)的平衡能力的相关性。方法:本实验使用Biodel Balance System SD的单脚站立测试系统自带的常测方案,对81名健康大学生优势腿和非优势腿的平衡能力进行测试,选用3个平衡指标OSI、API、MLI进行数据分析。结果:(1)男、女生D和ND的平衡能力差异不显著(p>0.05);(2)性别与OSI、API、MLI的主效应有统计学意义(p<0.01);(3)男、女生BMI与优势腿和非优势腿的相关性显著;(4)API与OSI的相关性显著(维持前后方向的平衡能力与整体的平衡能力相关性显著);(5)不同体质类型间平衡能力差异显著(p<0.05)。结论:BMI是影响平衡能力的主要因素,优势腿与非优势腿间平衡能力差异不显著;维持前后方向平衡的能力是影响平衡能力的主要因素。
