Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important disease in China. To characterize the virulence and diversity of the pathogen, 1 082 isolates were obtained from 8 major wheat-growing ...Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important disease in China. To characterize the virulence and diversity of the pathogen, 1 082 isolates were obtained from 8 major wheat-growing regions during the spring growing season in 2011. The virulence test was performed by inoculation on detached leaves of 22 differential lines with known Pm genes. Frequencies of virulence on these genotypes ranged from 0 to 97.4%. None of the 1 082 isolates was compatible to Pm21 and less than 20.0%were virulent to the genotype carrying Pm13. In contrast, the virulence frequencies of each population was more than 50.0%to differentials carrying Pm1a, Pm3b, Pm3c, Pm3f, Pm5a, Pm6 and Pm8. In total, 1 028 pathotypes were detected, of which 984 were unique. Phenotypic diversity indices revealed a high level of diversity within populations. Genetic distance between different populations correlated signiifcantly with geographical distance （R2=0.494, P 0.001）. In addition, isolates from Xinjiang appear to form a separate group. Signiifcant positive or negative associations between alleles at pairs of virulence loci were detected in 57 allele pairs to Pm genes. Virulence and diversity of the 8 populations suggested that varieties with effective resistance gene combinations should be developed at a regional level.展开更多
Fusarium wilt of melon, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis is one of the most important diseases, causing tremendous losses in melon growing areas in Iran. There is a real need for a rapid and inexpensive assay to facil...Fusarium wilt of melon, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis is one of the most important diseases, causing tremendous losses in melon growing areas in Iran. There is a real need for a rapid and inexpensive assay to facilitate accurate disease diagnosis and surveillance for better management of Fusarium wilt outbreaks. One of the procedures designed for detection of this disease is loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)assay; its efficiency has been contrasted with polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene is basically used for designing the LAMP(i.e. F3, B3, FIP, and BIP) together with PCR(F and B). Using hydroxynaphthol blue(HNB) dye, LAMP was placed in a water bath after the optimization was done. The results show LAMP is an advantageous method because it is highly sensitive(100-fold), quite cheap,user-friendly, and safe; in addition, it is performed quickly by visual detection and does not require DNA extraction(in direct-LAMP). The LAMP is believed to be a simple and reliable tool for laboratory purposes because it needs only very basic instruments and the results can be observed and contrasted visually.展开更多
The vascular fusariosis is one of the main obstacles in the tomato crop production. Currently, the management of the nutrient solution is presented as a control option for fusariosis, for such reason different nutrien...The vascular fusariosis is one of the main obstacles in the tomato crop production. Currently, the management of the nutrient solution is presented as a control option for fusariosis, for such reason different nutrient solutions with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) modifications;in four saladette tomato varieties Bony Best (BB), Manapal (M), Walter (W) and FLA were evaluated in this research, in order to analyze the damage caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) severity. Tomato plants were inoculated with 3 FOL breeds, establishing a completely random design with a factorial arrangement with six repetitions. Disease’s severity was evaluated 30 days after the inoculation using levels of (0 - 4) of the methodology established by Marlatt and Correll (1988). Afterwards, a statistical analysis was done through the Kruskal Wallis test, in which it was observed that treatments 93 (Ca 207 mg∙L<sup>-1</sup>, R3, variety BB), 95 (207 mg∙L<sup>-1</sup> Ca, R3, variety W), 81 (0Ca, R3, BB) showed less disease severity. In the foliar analysis, the best treatments were 22 (193 mg∙L<sup>-1</sup> N, R3, M) for N, the greatest P content was treatment 94 (207 mg∙L<sup>-1</sup> Ca, R3, M) for K treatment three and 93 (207 mg∙L<sup>-1</sup> Ca, R3, variety BB) greatest Ca content.展开更多
从药用植物一年蓬茎组织中分离并筛选获得了1株内生生防细菌EA19。经形态学、生理生化和16 S rRNA编码基因序列分析等实验,EA19与解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)亲缘关系最近。采用菌丝生长速率法对EA19进行了10种植物病...从药用植物一年蓬茎组织中分离并筛选获得了1株内生生防细菌EA19。经形态学、生理生化和16 S rRNA编码基因序列分析等实验,EA19与解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)亲缘关系最近。采用菌丝生长速率法对EA19进行了10种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性测定。结果表明,EA19菌体对稻梨孢、镰孢菌、胶孢炭疽菌、稻平脐蠕孢、立枯丝核菌、核盘菌、链格孢和青霉菌等植物病原真菌具有拮抗活性,对稻梨孢和核盘菌的抑制率分别达到96.99%±1.10%和99.16%±0.65%。EA19菌体对小麦白粉病菌(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici)的分生孢子萌发和吸器形成具有极显著的抑制作用(P<0.01),并导致病菌附着胞发育畸形。展开更多
This study aimed to explore whether reductive soil disinfestation（RSD） is an effective method of controlling continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon. Samples of watermelon continuous cropping soils were treated b...This study aimed to explore whether reductive soil disinfestation（RSD） is an effective method of controlling continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon. Samples of watermelon continuous cropping soils were treated by RSD in laboratory tests and pot experiments in August 2015 and from December 10,2016 to April 10,2017. The soil samples for the laboratory test were divided into 16 groups,and each group comprised three parallel samples of 100 g（dry soil weight）. Except for the original and control（CK） samples,the 14 other groups of soil samples were treated with different combinations of 1% or 3% alfalfa powder,1% or 3% ammonia（NH3） water,and 1% or 3% acetic acid. The soil samples were placed inside size-five self-styled plastic bags and incubated in a constant-temperature biochemical incubator at 35°C for 14 days after blending,flooding,and sealing. Seven groups of soil samples were designed for the pot experiments based on the laboratory test results. Each group consisted of 30 parallel samples of 3 kg（dry soil weight）. These samples were incubated outdoors for 4 months after mixing with alfalfa powder and/or NH3 and/or acetic acid according to the experimental design,blending,flooding,and sealing. Watermelon seedlings were planted in the air-dried soil samples from May to July in 2017. The results showed that the p H of the soil samples treated by RSD were elevated except for those samples with acetic acid. In addition,the electrical conductivities of the soil samples treated by RSD were effectively adjusted. The presence of soil-borne pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum was significantly suppressed（p 0.05） in soil samples treated by RSD,and the incidence and mortality rate of watermelons planted in these samples were remarkably lower than those planted in the CK and flooded CK soil samples. Therefore,continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon can be controlled by RSD.展开更多
The article is based on the use of experimental polyploidy method, with the introduction of new introgressive hybrid forms combining several species genotype with pathogenic Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and the effects ...The article is based on the use of experimental polyploidy method, with the introduction of new introgressive hybrid forms combining several species genotype with pathogenic Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and the effects of mycotoxins separated from the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum micromicette on the yield of plant seeds. New artificial complex hypertension forms based on experimental polyploidy Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum combine the potential of resistance to mycotoxins separated from microcrystals, making a tremendous contribution to the selection of new varieties and to the effectiveness of selection as a result of the use of genetic selective research as genetic-selective genetic-selector studies.展开更多
Simple sequence repeats （SSR） have been widely used as molecular markers due to their abundance and high polymorphism, However, up to now, the SSR markers had not been developed in the obligate biotrophic phytopatho...Simple sequence repeats （SSR） have been widely used as molecular markers due to their abundance and high polymorphism, However, up to now, the SSR markers had not been developed in the obligate biotrophic phytopathogenic fungus, Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. From （AC）10 and （AG）10 enriched genomic libraries for Bgt, 25 primer pairs were designed using the FIASCO （fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats） protocol. Five primer pairs exhibited polymorphism with allelic diversity from two to seven alleles and produced 29 alleles in a survey of 90 isolates collected from six provinces （cities） in China, while the others displayed monomorphic. Levels of observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.000-0.044 （mean 0.025） and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.297-0.816 （mean 0.538）. These molecular markers provide a novel source to genetic diversity assays and to genetic and physical mapping ofBgt. SSR markers of Bgt need to be further explored.展开更多
Fusarium wilt,a disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp batatas(Fob)is an important disease in sweet potato production.Using endophytic bacteria for biological control of sweet potato diseases is one of the importan...Fusarium wilt,a disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp batatas(Fob)is an important disease in sweet potato production.Using endophytic bacteria for biological control of sweet potato diseases is one of the important ways.A Bacillus subtilis with antagonistic effect on Fusarium wilt of sweet potato was isolated from soil by confrontation culture.According to the biological characteristics,16S rDNA sequence analysis,and physiological and biochemical analysis,the Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 was named.A pot experiment was conducted for the biological control experiment of strain HAAS01,and the endogenous hormone content,antioxidant enzyme activity,soluble protein content,and related gene expressions of sweet potato plants were detected.The results showed that the HAAS01 strain could promote the production of endogenous hormones and resist the infection of plant diseases together with defensive enzymes and upregulation of related gene expressions.In summary,Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 was effective in controlling Fusarium wilt of sweet potato and has potential for application and development.展开更多
Twenty isolated strains of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici collected from central Gansu province were studied with random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis. PCR amplifications using nine random primers gener...Twenty isolated strains of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici collected from central Gansu province were studied with random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis. PCR amplifications using nine random primers generated a total of 81 bands, of which, 54 were polymorphic. The total percentage of polymorphic bands varied from 50.0% to 88.9%. The average percentage based on RAPD patterns was approximately 66.7%, which indicated high heredity differentiation among isolates. Clustering analysis showed that the polymorphism of the twenty isolates was related to geographical origins but had little relationship with the physiological race.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB127700)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201303016)
文摘Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important disease in China. To characterize the virulence and diversity of the pathogen, 1 082 isolates were obtained from 8 major wheat-growing regions during the spring growing season in 2011. The virulence test was performed by inoculation on detached leaves of 22 differential lines with known Pm genes. Frequencies of virulence on these genotypes ranged from 0 to 97.4%. None of the 1 082 isolates was compatible to Pm21 and less than 20.0%were virulent to the genotype carrying Pm13. In contrast, the virulence frequencies of each population was more than 50.0%to differentials carrying Pm1a, Pm3b, Pm3c, Pm3f, Pm5a, Pm6 and Pm8. In total, 1 028 pathotypes were detected, of which 984 were unique. Phenotypic diversity indices revealed a high level of diversity within populations. Genetic distance between different populations correlated signiifcantly with geographical distance （R2=0.494, P 0.001）. In addition, isolates from Xinjiang appear to form a separate group. Signiifcant positive or negative associations between alleles at pairs of virulence loci were detected in 57 allele pairs to Pm genes. Virulence and diversity of the 8 populations suggested that varieties with effective resistance gene combinations should be developed at a regional level.
基金the Young Researchers and Elites Club,North Tehran Branch,Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran for financial support
文摘Fusarium wilt of melon, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis is one of the most important diseases, causing tremendous losses in melon growing areas in Iran. There is a real need for a rapid and inexpensive assay to facilitate accurate disease diagnosis and surveillance for better management of Fusarium wilt outbreaks. One of the procedures designed for detection of this disease is loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)assay; its efficiency has been contrasted with polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene is basically used for designing the LAMP(i.e. F3, B3, FIP, and BIP) together with PCR(F and B). Using hydroxynaphthol blue(HNB) dye, LAMP was placed in a water bath after the optimization was done. The results show LAMP is an advantageous method because it is highly sensitive(100-fold), quite cheap,user-friendly, and safe; in addition, it is performed quickly by visual detection and does not require DNA extraction(in direct-LAMP). The LAMP is believed to be a simple and reliable tool for laboratory purposes because it needs only very basic instruments and the results can be observed and contrasted visually.
文摘The vascular fusariosis is one of the main obstacles in the tomato crop production. Currently, the management of the nutrient solution is presented as a control option for fusariosis, for such reason different nutrient solutions with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) modifications;in four saladette tomato varieties Bony Best (BB), Manapal (M), Walter (W) and FLA were evaluated in this research, in order to analyze the damage caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) severity. Tomato plants were inoculated with 3 FOL breeds, establishing a completely random design with a factorial arrangement with six repetitions. Disease’s severity was evaluated 30 days after the inoculation using levels of (0 - 4) of the methodology established by Marlatt and Correll (1988). Afterwards, a statistical analysis was done through the Kruskal Wallis test, in which it was observed that treatments 93 (Ca 207 mg∙L<sup>-1</sup>, R3, variety BB), 95 (207 mg∙L<sup>-1</sup> Ca, R3, variety W), 81 (0Ca, R3, BB) showed less disease severity. In the foliar analysis, the best treatments were 22 (193 mg∙L<sup>-1</sup> N, R3, M) for N, the greatest P content was treatment 94 (207 mg∙L<sup>-1</sup> Ca, R3, M) for K treatment three and 93 (207 mg∙L<sup>-1</sup> Ca, R3, variety BB) greatest Ca content.
基金Quality Engineering Project of Anhui Province(2015zy068)Talents Program of Bengbu University([2014]182)+2 种基金Project of Research Innovation for Jiangsu Province Ordinary University Graduate Student in 2013(CXLX13_370)Project of Professional Engineering Teaching Reform(Environmental Science)(2017GCHZY2)Project of Anhui Revitalization Plan(2014zdjy137)
文摘This study aimed to explore whether reductive soil disinfestation（RSD） is an effective method of controlling continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon. Samples of watermelon continuous cropping soils were treated by RSD in laboratory tests and pot experiments in August 2015 and from December 10,2016 to April 10,2017. The soil samples for the laboratory test were divided into 16 groups,and each group comprised three parallel samples of 100 g（dry soil weight）. Except for the original and control（CK） samples,the 14 other groups of soil samples were treated with different combinations of 1% or 3% alfalfa powder,1% or 3% ammonia（NH3） water,and 1% or 3% acetic acid. The soil samples were placed inside size-five self-styled plastic bags and incubated in a constant-temperature biochemical incubator at 35°C for 14 days after blending,flooding,and sealing. Seven groups of soil samples were designed for the pot experiments based on the laboratory test results. Each group consisted of 30 parallel samples of 3 kg（dry soil weight）. These samples were incubated outdoors for 4 months after mixing with alfalfa powder and/or NH3 and/or acetic acid according to the experimental design,blending,flooding,and sealing. Watermelon seedlings were planted in the air-dried soil samples from May to July in 2017. The results showed that the p H of the soil samples treated by RSD were elevated except for those samples with acetic acid. In addition,the electrical conductivities of the soil samples treated by RSD were effectively adjusted. The presence of soil-borne pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum was significantly suppressed（p 0.05） in soil samples treated by RSD,and the incidence and mortality rate of watermelons planted in these samples were remarkably lower than those planted in the CK and flooded CK soil samples. Therefore,continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon can be controlled by RSD.
文摘The article is based on the use of experimental polyploidy method, with the introduction of new introgressive hybrid forms combining several species genotype with pathogenic Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and the effects of mycotoxins separated from the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum micromicette on the yield of plant seeds. New artificial complex hypertension forms based on experimental polyploidy Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum combine the potential of resistance to mycotoxins separated from microcrystals, making a tremendous contribution to the selection of new varieties and to the effectiveness of selection as a result of the use of genetic selective research as genetic-selective genetic-selector studies.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2006CB100203 and 2011CB100403)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan period(2006BAD08A05)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(3-15),China
文摘Simple sequence repeats （SSR） have been widely used as molecular markers due to their abundance and high polymorphism, However, up to now, the SSR markers had not been developed in the obligate biotrophic phytopathogenic fungus, Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. From （AC）10 and （AG）10 enriched genomic libraries for Bgt, 25 primer pairs were designed using the FIASCO （fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats） protocol. Five primer pairs exhibited polymorphism with allelic diversity from two to seven alleles and produced 29 alleles in a survey of 90 isolates collected from six provinces （cities） in China, while the others displayed monomorphic. Levels of observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.000-0.044 （mean 0.025） and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.297-0.816 （mean 0.538）. These molecular markers provide a novel source to genetic diversity assays and to genetic and physical mapping ofBgt. SSR markers of Bgt need to be further explored.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China,2019YFD1001300 and 2019YFD1001305China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,China.
文摘Fusarium wilt,a disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp batatas(Fob)is an important disease in sweet potato production.Using endophytic bacteria for biological control of sweet potato diseases is one of the important ways.A Bacillus subtilis with antagonistic effect on Fusarium wilt of sweet potato was isolated from soil by confrontation culture.According to the biological characteristics,16S rDNA sequence analysis,and physiological and biochemical analysis,the Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 was named.A pot experiment was conducted for the biological control experiment of strain HAAS01,and the endogenous hormone content,antioxidant enzyme activity,soluble protein content,and related gene expressions of sweet potato plants were detected.The results showed that the HAAS01 strain could promote the production of endogenous hormones and resist the infection of plant diseases together with defensive enzymes and upregulation of related gene expressions.In summary,Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 was effective in controlling Fusarium wilt of sweet potato and has potential for application and development.
文摘Twenty isolated strains of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici collected from central Gansu province were studied with random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis. PCR amplifications using nine random primers generated a total of 81 bands, of which, 54 were polymorphic. The total percentage of polymorphic bands varied from 50.0% to 88.9%. The average percentage based on RAPD patterns was approximately 66.7%, which indicated high heredity differentiation among isolates. Clustering analysis showed that the polymorphism of the twenty isolates was related to geographical origins but had little relationship with the physiological race.
