To improve visualization,it is necessary to optimize the design by analyzing the behavior of users as well as improving the evaluation index of the computational experiment and the task performance(e.g.,the correct an...To improve visualization,it is necessary to optimize the design by analyzing the behavior of users as well as improving the evaluation index of the computational experiment and the task performance(e.g.,the correct answer rate and completion time)in the user experiment.Although various studies have investigated the influence of user behavior on the evaluation of visualization,majority of these studies focused on simple visualization tasks.A simple task does not indicate a simple visualization comprising a few visualization elements but a task in which the information obtained from visualization is the only clue for completing the task.However,a few studies have targeted complicated tasks in which multiple information obtained from visualization is considered to be a clue for completing the task regardless of the number of elements that are contained in the visualization.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the behavior of the participants who have performed complicated tasks.We selected two types of group-in-a-box(GIB)layouts,which can be considered to be a complicated visualization method,as the target of the user experiment.In the user experiment,participants were asked to perform an exploration task specific to GIB layouts;which group has the maximum number of intra-edges?We also collected the eye-tracking data in addition to task performance.The results showed that the correct answer rate is considerably affected by the visualization factor;whether the correct answer,the box with maximum number of intra-edges,is the box with the largest area.Furthermore,an analysis of the collected eye-tracking data revealed that this visualization factor affected the exploration behavior of the participants;however,it did not affect the location at which the participants were focused on.The obtained results indicated that the visualization elements that were not considered by the visualization designer can influence the task of extracting information from the data.Therefore,designers have to configure the visualization b展开更多
目的:含透明质酸钠(SH)的阿奇霉素(AZI)滴眼液最优处方的筛选及制备工艺的考察。方法:采用Box-Behnken设计,以滴眼液p H、透明质酸钠的相对分子质量和透明质酸钠的质量浓度为因素,以药物在泪液中的动力学行为作为评价指标,考察各因素的...目的:含透明质酸钠(SH)的阿奇霉素(AZI)滴眼液最优处方的筛选及制备工艺的考察。方法:采用Box-Behnken设计,以滴眼液p H、透明质酸钠的相对分子质量和透明质酸钠的质量浓度为因素,以药物在泪液中的动力学行为作为评价指标,考察各因素的影响,确定最合理的处方。进一步制备了阿奇霉素滴眼液,根据《中国药典》要求考察滴眼液的渗透压,黏度及表面张力。结果:阿奇霉素滴眼液的最优处方为溶液p H 5.5,透明质酸钠相对分子质量150万,透明质酸钠质量浓度为0.6 g·(100 m L)-1。为保证滴眼液的无菌要求,制剂不耐受高压蒸汽灭菌,需无菌操作。结论:采用Box-Behnken设计筛选处方是可行的,依据最优处方制备的阿奇霉素滴眼液能有效延长药物结膜滞留时间,同时满足药典对滴眼液渗透压及黏度的要求。展开更多
基金JST CREST,Japan Grant Number JPMJCR1511,Japan,and The Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research(K-CONNEX),established by Human Resource Development Program for Science and Technology,MEXT.
文摘To improve visualization,it is necessary to optimize the design by analyzing the behavior of users as well as improving the evaluation index of the computational experiment and the task performance(e.g.,the correct answer rate and completion time)in the user experiment.Although various studies have investigated the influence of user behavior on the evaluation of visualization,majority of these studies focused on simple visualization tasks.A simple task does not indicate a simple visualization comprising a few visualization elements but a task in which the information obtained from visualization is the only clue for completing the task.However,a few studies have targeted complicated tasks in which multiple information obtained from visualization is considered to be a clue for completing the task regardless of the number of elements that are contained in the visualization.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the behavior of the participants who have performed complicated tasks.We selected two types of group-in-a-box(GIB)layouts,which can be considered to be a complicated visualization method,as the target of the user experiment.In the user experiment,participants were asked to perform an exploration task specific to GIB layouts;which group has the maximum number of intra-edges?We also collected the eye-tracking data in addition to task performance.The results showed that the correct answer rate is considerably affected by the visualization factor;whether the correct answer,the box with maximum number of intra-edges,is the box with the largest area.Furthermore,an analysis of the collected eye-tracking data revealed that this visualization factor affected the exploration behavior of the participants;however,it did not affect the location at which the participants were focused on.The obtained results indicated that the visualization elements that were not considered by the visualization designer can influence the task of extracting information from the data.Therefore,designers have to configure the visualization b
文摘目的:含透明质酸钠(SH)的阿奇霉素(AZI)滴眼液最优处方的筛选及制备工艺的考察。方法:采用Box-Behnken设计,以滴眼液p H、透明质酸钠的相对分子质量和透明质酸钠的质量浓度为因素,以药物在泪液中的动力学行为作为评价指标,考察各因素的影响,确定最合理的处方。进一步制备了阿奇霉素滴眼液,根据《中国药典》要求考察滴眼液的渗透压,黏度及表面张力。结果:阿奇霉素滴眼液的最优处方为溶液p H 5.5,透明质酸钠相对分子质量150万,透明质酸钠质量浓度为0.6 g·(100 m L)-1。为保证滴眼液的无菌要求,制剂不耐受高压蒸汽灭菌,需无菌操作。结论:采用Box-Behnken设计筛选处方是可行的,依据最优处方制备的阿奇霉素滴眼液能有效延长药物结膜滞留时间,同时满足药典对滴眼液渗透压及黏度的要求。
