In this study, the Palmer Drought Severity Index （PDSI） was used to analyze the average and extreme dry/wet states of Asia and North America from 1953 to 2003. The results indicate that the two continents underwent ...In this study, the Palmer Drought Severity Index （PDSI） was used to analyze the average and extreme dry/wet states of Asia and North America from 1953 to 2003. The results indicate that the two continents underwent drying trends during this period. Compared with North America, Asia showed more severe drought trends. However, more significant and regular seasonal variation for drought was found in North America. The driest regions in Asia were located in the northern region of China, Mongolia, and eastern mid-Siberian plateau. Most regions in central North America were relatively wetter than other regions. The northern and southwestern regions of North America, as well as the Atlantic and Pacific coastal areas, experienced the most drought during this period. A sharp increase of the drought area and the number of extreme drought events took place from 1997 to 2003 in both Asia and North America. Severe drought events were more likely to occur during the summer on both continents. Asia had the most extreme drought events during July, but North America reached its highest drought frequency from June to September. In Asia, a persistent increasing trend of extreme drought emerged throughout the studied period. However, a more complex evolution of drought emerged in North America： a decreasing trend appeared before the mid-1960s and an increasing trend appeared after the late 1970s. A relatively steady dry/wet status was observed between the mid-1960s and the late 1970s. The role of exceptional, extreme drought events with respect to the La Nin？a event was considered during 1997–2003.展开更多
基金supported by the NSFC project (Grant Nos. 40905037, 40775055,40705016, and 40828004)the NSFC key program(Grant No. 40830956)
文摘In this study, the Palmer Drought Severity Index （PDSI） was used to analyze the average and extreme dry/wet states of Asia and North America from 1953 to 2003. The results indicate that the two continents underwent drying trends during this period. Compared with North America, Asia showed more severe drought trends. However, more significant and regular seasonal variation for drought was found in North America. The driest regions in Asia were located in the northern region of China, Mongolia, and eastern mid-Siberian plateau. Most regions in central North America were relatively wetter than other regions. The northern and southwestern regions of North America, as well as the Atlantic and Pacific coastal areas, experienced the most drought during this period. A sharp increase of the drought area and the number of extreme drought events took place from 1997 to 2003 in both Asia and North America. Severe drought events were more likely to occur during the summer on both continents. Asia had the most extreme drought events during July, but North America reached its highest drought frequency from June to September. In Asia, a persistent increasing trend of extreme drought emerged throughout the studied period. However, a more complex evolution of drought emerged in North America： a decreasing trend appeared before the mid-1960s and an increasing trend appeared after the late 1970s. A relatively steady dry/wet status was observed between the mid-1960s and the late 1970s. The role of exceptional, extreme drought events with respect to the La Nin？a event was considered during 1997–2003.
文摘极端干旱事件的模拟和诊断是检验区域气候模式性能、研究其发生机制的重要途径。利用区域气候模式Reg CM4对1995年我国西北地区典型的春季极端干旱事件进行数值模拟,并基于NCEP再分析格点资料和西北地区137个测站的降水量资料对模拟效果进行检验,在此基础上,采用波—流理论对此次极端干旱事件发生机制进行分析。结果表明:区域气候模式Reg CM4能够较好模拟出此次极端干旱事件的干旱等级空间分布特征,但不同区域的模拟误差有差异;对造成此次极端干旱事件的主要天气气候影响系统模拟非常准确,表明该模式对此次极端干旱事件发生过程具有很好的再现能力。由于1995年春季乌拉尔山高压、蒙古低压偏强,使得我国西北地区辐散下沉气流增强,加之低层强西风气流阻碍水汽的输送,从而使得西北地区水汽通量较常年显著偏小。波—流理论分析表明,300 h Pa存在自西向东传的波列,且4月瞬变波能量在乌拉尔山区域达到最大,中层乌拉尔山高压脊以北区域辐散的E-P通量导致该区域西风急流增强,是乌拉尔山高压得以发展和维持的原因,从而造成了此次极端干旱事件。
