Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and o...Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and other animals such as mice, rats, bovine fetuses, calves, and horses. The levels of miRNAs in serum are stable, reproducible, and consistent among individuals of the same species. Employing Solexa, we sequenced all serum miRNAs of healthy Chinese subjects and found over 100 and 91 serum miRNAs in male and female subjects, respectively. We also identified specific expression patterns of serum miRNAs for lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and diabetes, providing evidence that serum miRNAs contain fingerprints for various diseases. Two non-small cell lung cancer-specific serum miRNAs obtained by Solexa were further validated in an independent trial of 75 healthy donors and 152 cancer patients, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Through these analyses, we conclude that serum miRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers for the detection of various cancers and other diseases.展开更多
The integration and expression of exogenes were reviewed in transgenic plants (T0 generation) as well as in their progenies. It was analyzed that the integration, expression and stable inheritance of exogenes were dif...The integration and expression of exogenes were reviewed in transgenic plants (T0 generation) as well as in their progenies. It was analyzed that the integration, expression and stable inheritance of exogenes were different in various transformation events. The disadvantages of present transformation methods and new transformation methods which can site specifically introduce exogenes into receipt chromosomes with restricted copies were discussed.展开更多
Rice yield and heading date are two distinct traits controlled by quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. The dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying rice yield traits is important for developing high-yielding rice va...Rice yield and heading date are two distinct traits controlled by quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. The dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying rice yield traits is important for developing high-yielding rice varieties. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of Ghd8, a major QTL with pleiotropic effects on grain yield, heading date, and plant height. Two sets of near isogenic line populations were developed for the cloning of GhdS. Ghd8 was narrowed down to a 20-kb region containing two putative genes, of which one encodes the OsHAP3 subunit of a CCAAT-box binding protein （HAP complex）; this gene was regarded as the Ghd8 candidate. A complementary test confirmed the identity and pleiotropic effects of the gene; interestingly, the genetic effect of Ghd8 was dependent on its genetic background. By regulating Ehdl, RFT1, and Hd3a, Ghd8 delayed flowering under long-day conditions, but promoted flowering under short-day conditions. Ghd8 up-regulated MOC1, a key gene controlling tillering and branching; this increased the number of tillers, primary and secondary branches, thus producing 50% more grains per plant. The ectopic expression of Ghd8 in Arabidopsis caused early flowering by 10 d-a situation similar to the one observed by its homolog AtHAP3b, when compared to wild-type under long-day conditions; these findings indicate the conserved function of Ghd8 and AtHAP3b in flowering in Arabidopsis. Our results demonstrated the important roles of Ghd8 in rice yield formation and flowering, as well as its opposite functions in flowering between rice and Arabidopsis under long-day conditions.展开更多
AIM: To observe the inhibition of antisense oligonucleotides (asON) phosphorthioate to the tissue inhibitors metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) gene and protein expression in the liver tissue of immunologically induced hepa...AIM: To observe the inhibition of antisense oligonucleotides (asON) phosphorthioate to the tissue inhibitors metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) gene and protein expression in the liver tissue of immunologically induced hepatic fibrosis rats. The possibility of reversing hepatic fibrosis through gene therapy was observed. METHODS: Human serum albumin (HSA) was used to attack rats, as hepatic fibrosis model, in which asONs were used to block the gene and protein expressing TIMP-1. According to the analysis of modulator, structure protein, coding series of TIMP-1 genome, we designed four different asONs. These asONs were injected into the hepatic fibrosis models through coccygeal vein. The results was observed by RT-PCR for measuring TIMP-1 mRNA expression, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for collagen I, II, special staining of collagen fiber, and electron microscopic examination. RESULTS: Hepatic fibrosis could last within 363 days in our modified model. The expressing level of TIMP-1 was high during hepatic fibrosis process. It has been proved by the immunohistochemical and the electron microscopic examination that the asON phosphorthioate of TIMP-1 could exactly express in vivo. The effect of colchicine was demonstrated to inhibit the expressing level of mRNA and the content of collagen I, III in the liver of experimental hepatic fibrosis rats. However, the electron microscopy research and the pathologic grading of hepatic fibrosis showed that there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the model group (P】 0.05). CONCLUSION: The experimental rat model of hepatic fibrosis is one of the preferable models to estimate the curative effect of anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs. The asON phosphorthioate of TIMP-1 could block the gene and protein expression of TIMP-1 in the liver of experimental hepatic fibrosis rats at the mRNA level. It is possible to reverse hepatic fibrosis, and it is expected to study a new drug of antihepatic fibrosis on the genetic level. Colchicine has very limited th展开更多
目的探讨阿替普酶联合丁苯酞氯化钠注射液对急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效及对其血清应激因子表达的影响。方法 142例急性脑梗死患者随机分为试验组和对照组,各71例。2组均在常规药物基础上给予丁苯酞氯化钠注射液治疗,每次100 m L,每天2次...目的探讨阿替普酶联合丁苯酞氯化钠注射液对急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效及对其血清应激因子表达的影响。方法 142例急性脑梗死患者随机分为试验组和对照组,各71例。2组均在常规药物基础上给予丁苯酞氯化钠注射液治疗,每次100 m L,每天2次,每次注射时间间隔6 h以上,50~70 min内滴注完毕。试验组在对照组的基础上加用阿替普酶,阿替普酶5 mg溶于0.9%Na Cl10 m L中静脉推注,10 s内推注完毕;其余45 mg溶于100 m L0.9%Na Cl中静脉滴注,60 min内滴注完毕,每天1次。2组疗程均为2周。比较2组的临床疗效及治疗前后神经功能及应激因子表达变化。结果试验组总有效率为95.8%,对照组为83.1%（P〈0.05）。2组患者治疗1,2周后脑梗死体积均显著减小,美国国立卫生院卒中评分（NIHSS）均显著降低,Barthel指数（BI）显著升高（P〈0.05）,试验组改善更明显（P〈0.05）。2组患者治疗1,2周后白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、IL-8、IL-10、C-反应蛋白均显著下降（P〈0.05）,试验组下降更显著（P〈0.05）。结论阿替普酶联合丁苯酞氯化钠注射液能够明显降低急性脑梗死患者血清应激因子表达水平,控制脑梗死体积,改善神经功能。展开更多
AIM To detect the expression of caspase 3gene in primary human hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）and investigate its relationship to p21<sup>WAF1</sup>gene expression and HCC apoptosis.METHODS In situ hybridi...AIM To detect the expression of caspase 3gene in primary human hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）and investigate its relationship to p21<sup>WAF1</sup>gene expression and HCC apoptosis.METHODS In situ hybridization was employedto determine caspase 3 and p21<sup>WAF1</sup>expression inHCC.In situ end-labeling was used to detecthepatocytic apoptosis in HCC.RESULTS Twenty-one of 39（53.8%）cases ofHCC were found to express caspase 3transcripts,while 45.2% of HCC failed toexpress caspase 3.Non-cancerous adjacent livertissues showed more positive caspase 3（87.5%,7/8）as compared with HCC（P【0.05）.The expression of caspase 3 is correlated withHCC differentiation,72.2%（13/18）ofmoderately to highly differentiated HCC showedcaspase 3 transcripts positive,while only 38.1%of poorly differentiated HCC harbored caspase 3transcripts（P【0.05）.No relationship wasfound between caspase 3 expression and tumorsize or grade or metastasis,although 52.5%（5/8）of HCC with metastasis were caspase 3positive and a little higher than that with nometastasis（51.6%,P】0.05）.Expression of caspase 3 alone did not affect the apoptosisindex（AI）of HCC.The AI was 7.12%o in caspase3-positive tumors（n=21）,while in caspase 3-negative cases（n=18）6.59%0（P】0.05）.Expression of caspase 3 clearly segregated withp21<sup>WAF1</sup>positive tumors as compared withp21<sup>WAF1</sup>-negative cases（16 of 23,69.6% versus5 of 16,31.3%）with statistical significance（P=0.017）.In the cases with positive caspase 3and negative p21<sup>WAF1</sup>,the Al was found slightlyhigher,but with no statistical significance,thanthat with expression of p21<sup>WAF1</sup>and caspase 3（7.21‰ vs 6.98‰,P】0.05）.CONCLUSION Loss of caspase 3 expressionmay contribute to HCC carcinogenesis,althoughthe expression of caspase 3 does not correlatewell with cell apoptosis in HCC.p21<sup>WAF1</sup>may bemerely one of the inhibitors which can reducecaspase 3 mediated cell apoptosis in HCCs.展开更多
Aim： To detect the expression of hepatitis B virus （HBV） genes （HB S and C genes） in early embryonic cells after introducing motile human sperm carrying HBV DNA into zona-free hamster oocytes via the in vitro fer...Aim： To detect the expression of hepatitis B virus （HBV） genes （HB S and C genes） in early embryonic cells after introducing motile human sperm carrying HBV DNA into zona-free hamster oocytes via the in vitro fertilization （IVF） technique. Methods： Human sperm-mediated HBV genes were delivered into zona-free hamster oocytes by the IVF method. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was used to detect HB S and pre-Core/Core （pre-C/C） coding genes both in one- and two-cell embryos. Reverse transcription-PCR （RT-PCR） analysis was used to study the expression of the two genes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis using the full-length HBV DNA as the hybridization probe was performed to confirm the integration of viral DNA in the host embryonic genome. Results： Both HB S and pre-C/C coding genes are present and transcribed in one- and two-cell embryos originated from hamster ova IVF with human spermatozoa carrying HBV DNA sequences. Conclusion： Sperm-mediated HBV genes are able to replicate and express themselves in early embryonic cells. These results provide direct evidence that HBV DNA could transmit vertically to the next generation via the male germ line.展开更多
Drought is the most important environmental stress affecting agriculture worldwide. Exploiting yield potential and maintaining yield stability of crops in water-limited environments are urgent tasks that must be under...Drought is the most important environmental stress affecting agriculture worldwide. Exploiting yield potential and maintaining yield stability of crops in water-limited environments are urgent tasks that must be undertaken in order to guarantee food supply for the increasing world population. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to identifying key regulators in plant drought response through genetic, molecular, and biochemical studies using, in most cases, the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. However, only a small portion of these regulators have been explored as potential candidate genes for their application in the improvement of drought tolerance in crops. Based on biological functions, these genes can be classified into the following three categories： （1） stress-responsive transcriptional regulation （e.g. DREB1, AREB, NF-YB）; （2） post-transcriptional RNA or protein modifications such as phosphorylation/dephosphorylation （e.g. SnRK2, ABI1） and farnesylation （e.g. ERA1）; and （3） osomoprotectant metabolism or molecular chaperones （e.g. CspB）. While continuing down the path to discovery of new target genes, serious efforts are also focused on fine-tuning the expression of the known candidate genes for stress tolerance in specific temporal and spatial patterns to avoid negative effects in plant growth and development. These efforts are starting to bear fruit by showing yield improvements in several crops under a variety of water-deprivation conditions. As most such evaluations have been performed under controlled growth environments, a gap still remains between early success in the laboratory and the application of these techniques to the elite cultivars of staple crops in the field. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in the identification of signaling pathways and master regulators for drought tolerance. The knowledge acquired will facilitate the genetic engineering of single or multiple targets and quantitative trait loci in key crops to create commercialrade cultiv展开更多
AIM To investigate the expression of multiplegenes and the behavior of cellular biology ingastric cancer（GC）and other gastric mucosallesions and their relations to Helicobacter pylori（H.pylori）infection,tumor stag...AIM To investigate the expression of multiplegenes and the behavior of cellular biology ingastric cancer（GC）and other gastric mucosallesions and their relations to Helicobacter pylori（H.pylori）infection,tumor staging andhistological subtypes.METHODS Three hundred and twenty-sevenspecimens of gastric mucosa obtained viaendoscopy or surgical resection,and ABCimmunohistochemical staining were used todetect the expression of p53,p16,Bcl-2 andCOX-2 proteins.H.pylori was determined byrapid urea test combined with pathologicalstaining or<sup>14</sup>C urea breath test.Cellular image analysis was performed in 66 patients withintestinal metaplasia（IM）and/or dysplasia（Dys）.In 30 of them,both cancer and theparacancerous tissues were obtained at the timeof surgery.Histological pattern,tumor staging,lymph node metastasis,grading ofdifferentiation and other clinical data werestudied in the medical records.RESULTS p16 expression of IM or Dys wassignificantly lower in positive H.pylori chronicatrophic gastritis（CAG）than those withnegative H.pylori（CAG:54.8% vs 88.0%,IM:34.4% vs 69.6%,Dys:23.8% vs 53.6%,allP【0.05）,Bcl-2 or COX-2 expression of IM orDys in positive H.pylori cases was significantlyhigher than that without H.pylori（Bcl-2:68.8%vs23.9%,90.5% vs 60.7%;COX-2:50.0% vs10.8%,61.8% vs 17.8%;all P【0.05）.Themean number of most parameters of cellularimage analysis in positive H.pylori group wassignificantly higher than that in negative H.pylori group（Ellipser:53±14,40±12μm,Area<sub>1</sub>:748±572,302±202 μm<sup>2</sup>,Area<sub>2</sub>:3050±1661,1681±1990 μm<sup>2</sup>,all P【0.05;Ellipseb:79±23,58±15 μm,Ratio<sub>1</sub>:22%±5%,13%±4%,Ratio<sub>2</sub>:79%±17%,53%±20%,all P【0.01）.There was significant correlation between Bcl-2and histologic pattern of gastric carcinoma,andbetween COX-2 and tumor staging or lymph nodemetastasis（Bcl-2:75.0% vs 16.7%;COX-2:76.0% vs 20.0%,79.2% vs 16.7%;allP【0.05）.CONCLUSION p1l6, Bcl-2, and COX-2 but not p53 gene may play a role 展开更多
Background:Since its discovery in December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has infected more than 2180000 people worldwide and has caused more than 150000 deaths as of April 16,2020.SAR...Background:Since its discovery in December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has infected more than 2180000 people worldwide and has caused more than 150000 deaths as of April 16,2020.SARS-CoV-2,which is the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)as a cell receptor to invade human cells.Thus,ACE2 is the key to understanding the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection.This study is to investigate the ACE2 expression in various human tissues in order to provide insights into the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods:We compared ACE2 expression levels across 31 normal human tissues between males and females and between younger(ages≤49 years)and older(ages>49 years)persons using two-sided Student's t test.We also investigated the correlations between ACE2 expression and immune signatures in various tissues using Pearson's correlation test.Results:ACE2 expression levels were the highest in the small intestine,testis,kidneys,heart,thyroid,and adipose tissue,and were the lowest in the blood,spleen,bone marrow,brain,blood vessels,and muscle.ACE2 showed medium expression levels in the lungs,colon,liver,bladder,and adrenal gland.ACE2 was not differentially expressed between males and females or between younger and older persons in any tissue.In the skin,digestive system,brain,and blood vessels,ACE2 expression levels were positively associated with immune signatures in both males and females.In the thyroid and lungs,ACE2 expression levels were positively and negatively associated with immune signatures in males and females,respectively,and in the lungs they had a positive and a negative correlation in the older and younger groups,respectively.Conclusions:Our data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 may infect other tissues aside from the lungs and infect persons with different sexes,ages,and races equally.The different host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection may partially explain why males and females,young and old persons infected with this vi展开更多
基金Acknowledgments We thank Drs Fengyong Liu and Sheng Luan at UC Berkeley, USA, for their discussion and help with the writing of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （no. 30225037, 30471991, 30570731）, National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （no. 2006CB503909, 2004CB518603）, the ＂111＂ Project, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （no. BK2004082, BK2006714）.
文摘Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and other animals such as mice, rats, bovine fetuses, calves, and horses. The levels of miRNAs in serum are stable, reproducible, and consistent among individuals of the same species. Employing Solexa, we sequenced all serum miRNAs of healthy Chinese subjects and found over 100 and 91 serum miRNAs in male and female subjects, respectively. We also identified specific expression patterns of serum miRNAs for lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and diabetes, providing evidence that serum miRNAs contain fingerprints for various diseases. Two non-small cell lung cancer-specific serum miRNAs obtained by Solexa were further validated in an independent trial of 75 healthy donors and 152 cancer patients, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Through these analyses, we conclude that serum miRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers for the detection of various cancers and other diseases.
文摘The integration and expression of exogenes were reviewed in transgenic plants (T0 generation) as well as in their progenies. It was analyzed that the integration, expression and stable inheritance of exogenes were different in various transformation events. The disadvantages of present transformation methods and new transformation methods which can site specifically introduce exogenes into receipt chromosomes with restricted copies were discussed.
文摘Rice yield and heading date are two distinct traits controlled by quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. The dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying rice yield traits is important for developing high-yielding rice varieties. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of Ghd8, a major QTL with pleiotropic effects on grain yield, heading date, and plant height. Two sets of near isogenic line populations were developed for the cloning of GhdS. Ghd8 was narrowed down to a 20-kb region containing two putative genes, of which one encodes the OsHAP3 subunit of a CCAAT-box binding protein （HAP complex）; this gene was regarded as the Ghd8 candidate. A complementary test confirmed the identity and pleiotropic effects of the gene; interestingly, the genetic effect of Ghd8 was dependent on its genetic background. By regulating Ehdl, RFT1, and Hd3a, Ghd8 delayed flowering under long-day conditions, but promoted flowering under short-day conditions. Ghd8 up-regulated MOC1, a key gene controlling tillering and branching; this increased the number of tillers, primary and secondary branches, thus producing 50% more grains per plant. The ectopic expression of Ghd8 in Arabidopsis caused early flowering by 10 d-a situation similar to the one observed by its homolog AtHAP3b, when compared to wild-type under long-day conditions; these findings indicate the conserved function of Ghd8 and AtHAP3b in flowering in Arabidopsis. Our results demonstrated the important roles of Ghd8 in rice yield formation and flowering, as well as its opposite functions in flowering between rice and Arabidopsis under long-day conditions.
基金Supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.1999-10 State Postdoctoral Foundation Commission)
文摘AIM: To observe the inhibition of antisense oligonucleotides (asON) phosphorthioate to the tissue inhibitors metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) gene and protein expression in the liver tissue of immunologically induced hepatic fibrosis rats. The possibility of reversing hepatic fibrosis through gene therapy was observed. METHODS: Human serum albumin (HSA) was used to attack rats, as hepatic fibrosis model, in which asONs were used to block the gene and protein expressing TIMP-1. According to the analysis of modulator, structure protein, coding series of TIMP-1 genome, we designed four different asONs. These asONs were injected into the hepatic fibrosis models through coccygeal vein. The results was observed by RT-PCR for measuring TIMP-1 mRNA expression, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for collagen I, II, special staining of collagen fiber, and electron microscopic examination. RESULTS: Hepatic fibrosis could last within 363 days in our modified model. The expressing level of TIMP-1 was high during hepatic fibrosis process. It has been proved by the immunohistochemical and the electron microscopic examination that the asON phosphorthioate of TIMP-1 could exactly express in vivo. The effect of colchicine was demonstrated to inhibit the expressing level of mRNA and the content of collagen I, III in the liver of experimental hepatic fibrosis rats. However, the electron microscopy research and the pathologic grading of hepatic fibrosis showed that there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the model group (P】 0.05). CONCLUSION: The experimental rat model of hepatic fibrosis is one of the preferable models to estimate the curative effect of anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs. The asON phosphorthioate of TIMP-1 could block the gene and protein expression of TIMP-1 in the liver of experimental hepatic fibrosis rats at the mRNA level. It is possible to reverse hepatic fibrosis, and it is expected to study a new drug of antihepatic fibrosis on the genetic level. Colchicine has very limited th
文摘AIM To detect the expression of caspase 3gene in primary human hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）and investigate its relationship to p21<sup>WAF1</sup>gene expression and HCC apoptosis.METHODS In situ hybridization was employedto determine caspase 3 and p21<sup>WAF1</sup>expression inHCC.In situ end-labeling was used to detecthepatocytic apoptosis in HCC.RESULTS Twenty-one of 39（53.8%）cases ofHCC were found to express caspase 3transcripts,while 45.2% of HCC failed toexpress caspase 3.Non-cancerous adjacent livertissues showed more positive caspase 3（87.5%,7/8）as compared with HCC（P【0.05）.The expression of caspase 3 is correlated withHCC differentiation,72.2%（13/18）ofmoderately to highly differentiated HCC showedcaspase 3 transcripts positive,while only 38.1%of poorly differentiated HCC harbored caspase 3transcripts（P【0.05）.No relationship wasfound between caspase 3 expression and tumorsize or grade or metastasis,although 52.5%（5/8）of HCC with metastasis were caspase 3positive and a little higher than that with nometastasis（51.6%,P】0.05）.Expression of caspase 3 alone did not affect the apoptosisindex（AI）of HCC.The AI was 7.12%o in caspase3-positive tumors（n=21）,while in caspase 3-negative cases（n=18）6.59%0（P】0.05）.Expression of caspase 3 clearly segregated withp21<sup>WAF1</sup>positive tumors as compared withp21<sup>WAF1</sup>-negative cases（16 of 23,69.6% versus5 of 16,31.3%）with statistical significance（P=0.017）.In the cases with positive caspase 3and negative p21<sup>WAF1</sup>,the Al was found slightlyhigher,but with no statistical significance,thanthat with expression of p21<sup>WAF1</sup>and caspase 3（7.21‰ vs 6.98‰,P】0.05）.CONCLUSION Loss of caspase 3 expressionmay contribute to HCC carcinogenesis,althoughthe expression of caspase 3 does not correlatewell with cell apoptosis in HCC.p21<sup>WAF1</sup>may bemerely one of the inhibitors which can reducecaspase 3 mediated cell apoptosis in HCCs.
基金Acknowledgment This work was supported by a grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China （No. 39970374）. The authors wish to thank Professor Yi-Pong Hu, Second Military Medical University of China, for his kindness in providing us the recombinant plasmid （pBR322-HBV）. We wish to thank Mr. Michael Talion of Shantou University Medical College, English Language Training Section for his assistance in proofreading this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the leaders of Shantou University Medical College.
文摘Aim： To detect the expression of hepatitis B virus （HBV） genes （HB S and C genes） in early embryonic cells after introducing motile human sperm carrying HBV DNA into zona-free hamster oocytes via the in vitro fertilization （IVF） technique. Methods： Human sperm-mediated HBV genes were delivered into zona-free hamster oocytes by the IVF method. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was used to detect HB S and pre-Core/Core （pre-C/C） coding genes both in one- and two-cell embryos. Reverse transcription-PCR （RT-PCR） analysis was used to study the expression of the two genes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis using the full-length HBV DNA as the hybridization probe was performed to confirm the integration of viral DNA in the host embryonic genome. Results： Both HB S and pre-C/C coding genes are present and transcribed in one- and two-cell embryos originated from hamster ova IVF with human spermatozoa carrying HBV DNA sequences. Conclusion： Sperm-mediated HBV genes are able to replicate and express themselves in early embryonic cells. These results provide direct evidence that HBV DNA could transmit vertically to the next generation via the male germ line.
文摘Drought is the most important environmental stress affecting agriculture worldwide. Exploiting yield potential and maintaining yield stability of crops in water-limited environments are urgent tasks that must be undertaken in order to guarantee food supply for the increasing world population. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to identifying key regulators in plant drought response through genetic, molecular, and biochemical studies using, in most cases, the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. However, only a small portion of these regulators have been explored as potential candidate genes for their application in the improvement of drought tolerance in crops. Based on biological functions, these genes can be classified into the following three categories： （1） stress-responsive transcriptional regulation （e.g. DREB1, AREB, NF-YB）; （2） post-transcriptional RNA or protein modifications such as phosphorylation/dephosphorylation （e.g. SnRK2, ABI1） and farnesylation （e.g. ERA1）; and （3） osomoprotectant metabolism or molecular chaperones （e.g. CspB）. While continuing down the path to discovery of new target genes, serious efforts are also focused on fine-tuning the expression of the known candidate genes for stress tolerance in specific temporal and spatial patterns to avoid negative effects in plant growth and development. These efforts are starting to bear fruit by showing yield improvements in several crops under a variety of water-deprivation conditions. As most such evaluations have been performed under controlled growth environments, a gap still remains between early success in the laboratory and the application of these techniques to the elite cultivars of staple crops in the field. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in the identification of signaling pathways and master regulators for drought tolerance. The knowledge acquired will facilitate the genetic engineering of single or multiple targets and quantitative trait loci in key crops to create commercialrade cultiv
基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Educational Committee of Jiangsu Province,No.125FA9608.
文摘AIM To investigate the expression of multiplegenes and the behavior of cellular biology ingastric cancer（GC）and other gastric mucosallesions and their relations to Helicobacter pylori（H.pylori）infection,tumor staging andhistological subtypes.METHODS Three hundred and twenty-sevenspecimens of gastric mucosa obtained viaendoscopy or surgical resection,and ABCimmunohistochemical staining were used todetect the expression of p53,p16,Bcl-2 andCOX-2 proteins.H.pylori was determined byrapid urea test combined with pathologicalstaining or<sup>14</sup>C urea breath test.Cellular image analysis was performed in 66 patients withintestinal metaplasia（IM）and/or dysplasia（Dys）.In 30 of them,both cancer and theparacancerous tissues were obtained at the timeof surgery.Histological pattern,tumor staging,lymph node metastasis,grading ofdifferentiation and other clinical data werestudied in the medical records.RESULTS p16 expression of IM or Dys wassignificantly lower in positive H.pylori chronicatrophic gastritis（CAG）than those withnegative H.pylori（CAG:54.8% vs 88.0%,IM:34.4% vs 69.6%,Dys:23.8% vs 53.6%,allP【0.05）,Bcl-2 or COX-2 expression of IM orDys in positive H.pylori cases was significantlyhigher than that without H.pylori（Bcl-2:68.8%vs23.9%,90.5% vs 60.7%;COX-2:50.0% vs10.8%,61.8% vs 17.8%;all P【0.05）.Themean number of most parameters of cellularimage analysis in positive H.pylori group wassignificantly higher than that in negative H.pylori group（Ellipser:53±14,40±12μm,Area<sub>1</sub>:748±572,302±202 μm<sup>2</sup>,Area<sub>2</sub>:3050±1661,1681±1990 μm<sup>2</sup>,all P【0.05;Ellipseb:79±23,58±15 μm,Ratio<sub>1</sub>:22%±5%,13%±4%,Ratio<sub>2</sub>:79%±17%,53%±20%,all P【0.01）.There was significant correlation between Bcl-2and histologic pattern of gastric carcinoma,andbetween COX-2 and tumor staging or lymph nodemetastasis（Bcl-2:75.0% vs 16.7%;COX-2:76.0% vs 20.0%,79.2% vs 16.7%;allP【0.05）.CONCLUSION p1l6, Bcl-2, and COX-2 but not p53 gene may play a role
基金This work was supported by the China Pharmaceutical University(grant number 3150120001 to XW)。
文摘Background:Since its discovery in December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has infected more than 2180000 people worldwide and has caused more than 150000 deaths as of April 16,2020.SARS-CoV-2,which is the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)as a cell receptor to invade human cells.Thus,ACE2 is the key to understanding the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection.This study is to investigate the ACE2 expression in various human tissues in order to provide insights into the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods:We compared ACE2 expression levels across 31 normal human tissues between males and females and between younger(ages≤49 years)and older(ages>49 years)persons using two-sided Student's t test.We also investigated the correlations between ACE2 expression and immune signatures in various tissues using Pearson's correlation test.Results:ACE2 expression levels were the highest in the small intestine,testis,kidneys,heart,thyroid,and adipose tissue,and were the lowest in the blood,spleen,bone marrow,brain,blood vessels,and muscle.ACE2 showed medium expression levels in the lungs,colon,liver,bladder,and adrenal gland.ACE2 was not differentially expressed between males and females or between younger and older persons in any tissue.In the skin,digestive system,brain,and blood vessels,ACE2 expression levels were positively associated with immune signatures in both males and females.In the thyroid and lungs,ACE2 expression levels were positively and negatively associated with immune signatures in males and females,respectively,and in the lungs they had a positive and a negative correlation in the older and younger groups,respectively.Conclusions:Our data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 may infect other tissues aside from the lungs and infect persons with different sexes,ages,and races equally.The different host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection may partially explain why males and females,young and old persons infected with this vi
