Fluorine containing oxidizers, primarily polymers, are extensively used in pyrotechnic compositions.Fluorinated oxidizers are less explored for metalized propellants and explosives despite a potential advantage of sub...Fluorine containing oxidizers, primarily polymers, are extensively used in pyrotechnic compositions.Fluorinated oxidizers are less explored for metalized propellants and explosives despite a potential advantage of substantial heat release combined with gaseous combustion products. This review summarizes different types of fluorinated oxidizers used in energetic formulations or of potential interest for such systems, including gases, polymers, and inorganic compounds. Types of energetic formulations employing metals and fluoropolymers are discussed in more detail, including methods used to prepare composites and resulting salient features of the obtained materials. Laboratory experiments characterizing such materials, in particular, electron microscopy and thermal analysis, are discussed, showing characteristic morphologies and reaction sequences observed in different metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites. Striking similarities are noted in reaction sequences for diverse compositions hinting at possible similarities in the respective reaction mechanisms. Experiments probing ignition and combustion of metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites in laboratory conditions are also reviewed, including impact, flash heating and shock ignition. Finally, some practical performance tests for energetic formulations are described following by a brief discussion of the reaction mechanisms expected to govern ignition and combustion in various metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites. The conclusions are combined with recommendation for future research in the area of reactive metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites.展开更多
低场核磁共振(Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术具有快速、无损、连续、精确等优点,近年来在火炸药基体的交联密度测定、固化过程监测及老化性能评估领域受到了关注。介绍了低场核磁共振的基本原理,归纳了低场核磁共...低场核磁共振(Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术具有快速、无损、连续、精确等优点,近年来在火炸药基体的交联密度测定、固化过程监测及老化性能评估领域受到了关注。介绍了低场核磁共振的基本原理,归纳了低场核磁共振技术在复合固体推进剂固化监测、复合固体推进剂和浇注PBX炸药交联老化评定、新型云爆剂老化特性评估等方面的应用状况,提出了应进一步深入开展LF-NMR在火炸药老化性能监测方面的研究,解决不同种类1H弛豫特性的分类监测、弛豫特征参量与力学性能关键参量的相关性方程建立等重点问题,加强低场核磁共振中的弛豫特性关键参量——横向弛豫时间T2在火炸药老化性能评估中的应用。展开更多
基金supported in parts by Defense Threat Reduction Agency(HDTRAl-15-1-00240)Air Force Office of Scientific Research(FA9550-16-1-0266)
文摘Fluorine containing oxidizers, primarily polymers, are extensively used in pyrotechnic compositions.Fluorinated oxidizers are less explored for metalized propellants and explosives despite a potential advantage of substantial heat release combined with gaseous combustion products. This review summarizes different types of fluorinated oxidizers used in energetic formulations or of potential interest for such systems, including gases, polymers, and inorganic compounds. Types of energetic formulations employing metals and fluoropolymers are discussed in more detail, including methods used to prepare composites and resulting salient features of the obtained materials. Laboratory experiments characterizing such materials, in particular, electron microscopy and thermal analysis, are discussed, showing characteristic morphologies and reaction sequences observed in different metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites. Striking similarities are noted in reaction sequences for diverse compositions hinting at possible similarities in the respective reaction mechanisms. Experiments probing ignition and combustion of metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites in laboratory conditions are also reviewed, including impact, flash heating and shock ignition. Finally, some practical performance tests for energetic formulations are described following by a brief discussion of the reaction mechanisms expected to govern ignition and combustion in various metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites. The conclusions are combined with recommendation for future research in the area of reactive metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites.
文摘低场核磁共振(Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术具有快速、无损、连续、精确等优点,近年来在火炸药基体的交联密度测定、固化过程监测及老化性能评估领域受到了关注。介绍了低场核磁共振的基本原理,归纳了低场核磁共振技术在复合固体推进剂固化监测、复合固体推进剂和浇注PBX炸药交联老化评定、新型云爆剂老化特性评估等方面的应用状况,提出了应进一步深入开展LF-NMR在火炸药老化性能监测方面的研究,解决不同种类1H弛豫特性的分类监测、弛豫特征参量与力学性能关键参量的相关性方程建立等重点问题,加强低场核磁共振中的弛豫特性关键参量——横向弛豫时间T2在火炸药老化性能评估中的应用。
