目的:考察孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的肠道菌与健康直系亲属的差异,并探讨团体运动干预对ASD儿童的肠道菌群及行为的改善效果。方法:本研究以家庭为单位,4名ASD儿童参加15次团体运动干预,每次1小时,对照组为8名健康直系亲属。采用16S r ...目的:考察孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的肠道菌与健康直系亲属的差异,并探讨团体运动干预对ASD儿童的肠道菌群及行为的改善效果。方法:本研究以家庭为单位,4名ASD儿童参加15次团体运动干预,每次1小时,对照组为8名健康直系亲属。采用16S r RNA高通量测序分析ASD儿童运动干预前后肠道菌群的变化,使用孤独症治疗评估量表评估ASD儿童行为症状的变化。结果:干预前ASD儿童丹毒丝菌属的丰度显著高于典型发育同胞组,且运动干预后其丰度并未显著降低。运动干预后ASD儿童厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的丰度比值明显降低。此外,ASD儿童的社交能力在干预后有进步趋势,且与其体内拟杆菌门丰度存在显著正相关。结论:ASD儿童体内部分有害菌的丰度显著高于典型发育儿童。运动干预可能通过提高拟杆菌门丰度,进而益于ASD儿童社交功能的改善。展开更多
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated psychosocial and physical benefit from exercise for older men treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). To date, different intervention d...Background: Previous studies have demonstrated psychosocial and physical benefit from exercise for older men treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). To date, different intervention delivery methods have not been assessed. This study compared the effect of group-based exercise (GBE) to personal training (PT) in men undergoing ADT for PCa. Methods: 13 participants (mean age = 68.2, SD = 7.2) were randomly assigned to GBE or PT for 8 weeks. Participants exercised for 60 minutes three times per week at a moderate-vigorous intensity. Results: 10 participants completed the intervention. At post-intervention, the PT group improved: fatigue, systolic BP, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and maximal leg strength;participants in the GBE group improved leg strength. At 8 weeks, maximal upper body strength in the PT group was greater than the GBE group. There were no adverse events associated with moderate-high intensity training in this population of older men. Conclusion: PT may be more efficacious than GBE in improving several physical fitness outcomes and fatigue in men with PCa who are androgen deprived. Due to the small sample size and attrition, these results require cautious interpretation and confirmation from adequately powered trials.展开更多
Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physica...Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.展开更多
The guidelines for cardiovascular exercise intensity are not clear with respect to the optimal training protocols to reduce cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) as well as to enhance strength. At this time, it is impossi...The guidelines for cardiovascular exercise intensity are not clear with respect to the optimal training protocols to reduce cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) as well as to enhance strength. At this time, it is impossible to deduce the independent effects of vigorous-intensity exercise from past studies as the volume of either physical activity duration or energy expended differed in comparison to moderate-intensity exercise. Our goal was to augment the literature focused on the potential benefits of high intensity training with novel methodology that includes trained adults in a group fitness environment. Vigorous intensity training may be a critical component of the physical activity prescription if active adults demonstrate decreases in CVD risk factors and increases in strength. We hypothesize that a 6-week high intensity group fitness intervention will produce beneficial effects on CVD risk factors by reducing body mass, total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride concentration, and by enhancing lean body mass percentage, HDL-C, glucose tolerance, and maximal oxygen consumption as well as both upper and lower body strength. Eighty-four healthy adults, 50 women and 34 men, completed the 6-week intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups;the first was a high intensity interval-training (GRIT) program, while the second was a moderate intensity-training (FIT) program. All participants completed 5 hours of fitness classes per week. We collected musculoskeletal and physiological data at the start and finish of the study. In support of our hypotheses, the GRIT group significantly reduced body mass, triglyceride concentration and enhanced lean body percentage, glucose tolerance, and maximal oxygen consumption in addition to all of the strength measures. These results illustrate a novel finding that individuals who already participate in the recommended physical activity guidelines can improve their health, fitness and strength with the addition of 2, 30-minute sessions of high intensity interval展开更多
文摘目的:考察孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的肠道菌与健康直系亲属的差异,并探讨团体运动干预对ASD儿童的肠道菌群及行为的改善效果。方法:本研究以家庭为单位,4名ASD儿童参加15次团体运动干预,每次1小时,对照组为8名健康直系亲属。采用16S r RNA高通量测序分析ASD儿童运动干预前后肠道菌群的变化,使用孤独症治疗评估量表评估ASD儿童行为症状的变化。结果:干预前ASD儿童丹毒丝菌属的丰度显著高于典型发育同胞组,且运动干预后其丰度并未显著降低。运动干预后ASD儿童厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的丰度比值明显降低。此外,ASD儿童的社交能力在干预后有进步趋势,且与其体内拟杆菌门丰度存在显著正相关。结论:ASD儿童体内部分有害菌的丰度显著高于典型发育儿童。运动干预可能通过提高拟杆菌门丰度,进而益于ASD儿童社交功能的改善。
文摘Background: Previous studies have demonstrated psychosocial and physical benefit from exercise for older men treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). To date, different intervention delivery methods have not been assessed. This study compared the effect of group-based exercise (GBE) to personal training (PT) in men undergoing ADT for PCa. Methods: 13 participants (mean age = 68.2, SD = 7.2) were randomly assigned to GBE or PT for 8 weeks. Participants exercised for 60 minutes three times per week at a moderate-vigorous intensity. Results: 10 participants completed the intervention. At post-intervention, the PT group improved: fatigue, systolic BP, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and maximal leg strength;participants in the GBE group improved leg strength. At 8 weeks, maximal upper body strength in the PT group was greater than the GBE group. There were no adverse events associated with moderate-high intensity training in this population of older men. Conclusion: PT may be more efficacious than GBE in improving several physical fitness outcomes and fatigue in men with PCa who are androgen deprived. Due to the small sample size and attrition, these results require cautious interpretation and confirmation from adequately powered trials.
文摘Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.
文摘The guidelines for cardiovascular exercise intensity are not clear with respect to the optimal training protocols to reduce cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) as well as to enhance strength. At this time, it is impossible to deduce the independent effects of vigorous-intensity exercise from past studies as the volume of either physical activity duration or energy expended differed in comparison to moderate-intensity exercise. Our goal was to augment the literature focused on the potential benefits of high intensity training with novel methodology that includes trained adults in a group fitness environment. Vigorous intensity training may be a critical component of the physical activity prescription if active adults demonstrate decreases in CVD risk factors and increases in strength. We hypothesize that a 6-week high intensity group fitness intervention will produce beneficial effects on CVD risk factors by reducing body mass, total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglyceride concentration, and by enhancing lean body mass percentage, HDL-C, glucose tolerance, and maximal oxygen consumption as well as both upper and lower body strength. Eighty-four healthy adults, 50 women and 34 men, completed the 6-week intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups;the first was a high intensity interval-training (GRIT) program, while the second was a moderate intensity-training (FIT) program. All participants completed 5 hours of fitness classes per week. We collected musculoskeletal and physiological data at the start and finish of the study. In support of our hypotheses, the GRIT group significantly reduced body mass, triglyceride concentration and enhanced lean body percentage, glucose tolerance, and maximal oxygen consumption in addition to all of the strength measures. These results illustrate a novel finding that individuals who already participate in the recommended physical activity guidelines can improve their health, fitness and strength with the addition of 2, 30-minute sessions of high intensity interval
