This paper provides a review on China＇s meat trade for the 2000–2012 period and discusses its future development, with reference to China＇s grain trade. With marginal decreases in meat exports and slight increases ...This paper provides a review on China＇s meat trade for the 2000–2012 period and discusses its future development, with reference to China＇s grain trade. With marginal decreases in meat exports and slight increases in their imports, China＇s net imports of major meat products（including pork, beef, mutton and poultry but excluding meat offal） were just below 1 million tons in 2012, dwarfed by China＇s net imports of grains which reached 66.7 million tons in the same year. This slow growth in meat trade seems to contradict earlier expectations on increasing meat demand and imports, based upon projected shifts in consumption patterns driven by rapid per capita income growth. Several plausible explanations of this paradoxical trade pattern are offered, including mass imports of feed grains, persistent（but shrinking） gaps between Chinese and international meat prices, tariff barriers, and non-tariff measures. In the near future China may not be able to maintain such a lower profile on the world meat markets, as per capita income is projected to continue to rise and domestic production cost advantages erode due to rising labor costs. A model-based projection exercise indicates that under plausible assumptions China＇s meat imports may rise sharply by 2030.展开更多
Hierarchical silicalite-1 zeolites were obtained from the direct conversion of a mixture of ground solid raw materials via a steam-assisted crystallization（SAC） method without involvement of any mesoscale template. ...Hierarchical silicalite-1 zeolites were obtained from the direct conversion of a mixture of ground solid raw materials via a steam-assisted crystallization（SAC） method without involvement of any mesoscale template. Only a trace amount of water was necessary during the crystallization, implying that the amount of water can be dramatically reduced, which still offers easy separation and high yields. The simple procedure involved only grinding and heating, which not only saves resources and energy, but also significantly reduces the discharge of eco-friendly synthesis of zeolites for practical applications. Compared to conventional bulk silicalite-1, the nanosized hierarchical zeolites with MFI structure show enhanced removal capabilities for methylene blue owing to their hierarchical porosity.展开更多
The Yangtze delta＇s response to accelerating river damming and irrigation is a topic of global concern. This research analyzed the general erosion-accretion of the submerged delta front, the spatio-temporal changing ...The Yangtze delta＇s response to accelerating river damming and irrigation is a topic of global concern. This research analyzed the general erosion-accretion of the submerged delta front, the spatio-temporal changing pattern in different sub-regions, the geomorphological changes in typical cross-sections, and the geomorphological causes of the four main sub-regions（the eastern tidal wetland of Chongming–CM, the Hengsha shoal–HS, the Jiuduansha wetland–JDS, and the eastern tidal wetland of Nanhui–NH）. Data sources include topographic data measured at high-resolution, sediment load at Datong Station, and the corresponding estuary construction information. Major findings are：（1） in general, the study area had slightly eroded（the erosion area ratio was 51.83% and the accretion area ratio was 48.17%） from 1982 to 2010, and it had experienced a shift of “erosion-accretion- erosion”. The spatio-temporal change of geomorphology was also significant in the eight sub-regions, excluding constant erosion in the North Channel;（2） evolution in eastern and northern CM and HS, northern JDS, and the region within the 5 m isobath of NH was dominated by vertical deposition, which was the opposite of that in southern CM and HS, and the region within the 5 m isobath of eastern and southern JDS;（3） on the whole, the encompassed surface areas（ESAs） of the 2 m and 5 m isobaths kept increasing, and the annual growth rates reached 10.42 km^2/yr and 7.99 km^2/yr respectively during 1982–2010（however, four sub-regions exhibited disagreements）, and in the whole region and all sub-regions, the ESA of the 10 m isobath decreased, while the ESA of the 15 m isobath changed slightly during the period and remained stable;（4） being less influenced by the estuarine engineering, CM was the only sub-region where the ESA of the isobath decreased in accordance with the decline of the sediment load. Major conclusions are that estuarine engineering projects play an increasingly important role in affecting th展开更多
AIM: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age(D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall s...AIM: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age(D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall survival after listing.METHODS: Probabilities derived from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2002 and 2004 were used to simulate potential outcomes for all patients listed for transplantation. The Markov simula-tion was then modified by screening matches using a 1200 or 1600 D-MELD risk cap ± allowing transplants for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD) ≤ 14(Rule 14). The differential impact of the rule changes was assessed.RESULTS: The Markov simulation accurately reproduced overall and post transplant survival. A 1200 D-MELD risk cap improved post-transplant survival. Both the 1200 and 1600 risk caps improved overall survival for waitlisted patients. The addition of Rule 14 further improved post transplant and overall survival by redistribution of donor livers to recipients in higher MELD subgroups. The mechanism for improved overall and post-transplant survival after listing was due to shifting a larger percentage of transplants to the moderate MELD score subgroup(MELD 15-29) while also ensuring that high MELD recipients have livers of high quality to achieve excellent post transplant survival.CONCLUSION: A 1200 D-MELD risk cap + Rule 14 provided the greatest overall benefit primarily by focusing liver transplantation towards the moderate MELD recipient.展开更多
The 2013 Monitoring Report of Health Literacy Level of Chinese Residents announced by National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）on February 17,2015 shows that health literacy level of Chinese residents ha...The 2013 Monitoring Report of Health Literacy Level of Chinese Residents announced by National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）on February 17,2015 shows that health literacy level of Chinese residents had increased to 9.48%,a rise of 0.68percentage point over 8.80% in 2012 and an increase of 3 percentage points over 6.48% in 2008.展开更多
We develop a numerical scheme to construct the scattering(S) matrix for optical microcavities, including the special cases with parity-time and other non-Hermitian symmetries. This scheme incorporates the explicit for...We develop a numerical scheme to construct the scattering(S) matrix for optical microcavities, including the special cases with parity-time and other non-Hermitian symmetries. This scheme incorporates the explicit form of a nonlocal boundary condition, with the incident light represented by an inhomogeneous term. This approach resolves the artifact of a discontinuous normal derivative typically found in the R-matrix method. In addition, we show that, by excluding the aforementioned inhomogeneous term, the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian in our approach also determines the Periels–Kapur states, and it constitutes an alternative approach to derive the standard R-matrix result in this basis. Therefore, our scheme provides a convenient framework to explore the benefits of both approaches. We illustrate this boundary value problem using 1D and 2D scalar Helmholtz equations.The eigenvalues and poles of the S matrix calculated using our approach show good agreement with resultsobtained by other means.展开更多
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal chemotherapy combined with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors.Methods The clinical and follow-up data o...Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal chemotherapy combined with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors.Methods The clinical and follow-up data of 29 patients with leptomeningeal metastases frommalignant solid tumor who had intrathecal chemotherapy combined with concurrent radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed.The treatment regimen was that 12.5-15.0 mg of methotrexate intrathecal injection once a week for展开更多
During the Late Carboniferous Taiyuan and Shanxi stage, some relevant factors in the formation and distribution of the high-seam zone in Shanxi can be summed up as follows: 1. The Type of Lithofacies Association The s...During the Late Carboniferous Taiyuan and Shanxi stage, some relevant factors in the formation and distribution of the high-seam zone in Shanxi can be summed up as follows: 1. The Type of Lithofacies Association The sandstone-mudstone facies and the mudstone-sandstone facies are the best lithofacies association types in the high-seam zone formation, in which the clastic ratio is>8 and the sandmud ratio 1/2—2 (excluding the seam). 2. The Type of Phase-Cycle展开更多
According to statistics from the General Administration of Customs of the PRC, the imports of China’s non-ferrous metal products (excluding chemical and Ferroalloy products) totaled $113.988 billion in 2012, a year-o...According to statistics from the General Administration of Customs of the PRC, the imports of China’s non-ferrous metal products (excluding chemical and Ferroalloy products) totaled $113.988 billion in 2012, a year-on-year decline of 1.59%. The export totaled $70.556 billion, a year-on-year increase of 34.10%. The trade deficit was $43.432 billion in 2012,展开更多
As approved by the State Council,electricityprice will be adjusted nationwide since January1<sup>st</sup>of 2004:up RMB 0.8 fen per kilowatt/hourfor electricity users excluding residential andagricultural ...As approved by the State Council,electricityprice will be adjusted nationwide since January1<sup>st</sup>of 2004:up RMB 0.8 fen per kilowatt/hourfor electricity users excluding residential andagricultural users.展开更多
7.1 Bronchial asthma 2006058 The clinical study of the relationship between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in patients with autumnal pollinosis YI Jia(尹佳 ) ,et al. Dept Allerg, PUMC Hosp CAMS & PUMC,Beiji...7.1 Bronchial asthma 2006058 The clinical study of the relationship between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in patients with autumnal pollinosis YI Jia(尹佳 ) ,et al. Dept Allerg, PUMC Hosp CAMS & PUMC,Beijing 100730, Natl Med J China 2005; 85 (24) :1683 -1687. Objective: To investigate the relationship between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in patients with autumnal pollinosis. Methods: 1120 patients with autumnal pollinosis, aged 5 - 75, excluding those with typical symptoms of seasonal rhinitis or asthma but with positive skin test and serum IgE specific to dustmite and fungi, underwent standardized clinical questionnaire survey, including the onset age, onset time, and symptoms as well as the sever-展开更多
China’s foreign trade in the first two months of 2016According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in the first two months of 2016 reached 3.31trillion yuan,down 12.6%year on year(the same below).In t...China’s foreign trade in the first two months of 2016According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in the first two months of 2016 reached 3.31trillion yuan,down 12.6%year on year(the same below).In terms of the U.S.dollar,the total import and export reached US$510.73 billion,down 17.4%.In February alone,the total展开更多
Akzo Nobel,a Fortune 500 coatings and spe-cialty chemicals company,is well positioned for strong growth,especially in emerging mar-kets such as China,after going through a year of successful transformation,its senior ...Akzo Nobel,a Fortune 500 coatings and spe-cialty chemicals company,is well positioned for strong growth,especially in emerging mar-kets such as China,after going through a year of successful transformation,its senior execu-tive said on March 25th.Akzo Nobel reported 5% autonomous growth and a 29% rise in net income before incidentals for 2007.Revenue for the year amounted to EUR 10.2 billion(excluding ICI),up 2% year-on-year,with notable contribu-tions from emerging markets.Its China op-erations reported revenue of US＄1 031 mil-展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71203096 and 71303112)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(20120097120042 and 20123204120017)
文摘This paper provides a review on China＇s meat trade for the 2000–2012 period and discusses its future development, with reference to China＇s grain trade. With marginal decreases in meat exports and slight increases in their imports, China＇s net imports of major meat products（including pork, beef, mutton and poultry but excluding meat offal） were just below 1 million tons in 2012, dwarfed by China＇s net imports of grains which reached 66.7 million tons in the same year. This slow growth in meat trade seems to contradict earlier expectations on increasing meat demand and imports, based upon projected shifts in consumption patterns driven by rapid per capita income growth. Several plausible explanations of this paradoxical trade pattern are offered, including mass imports of feed grains, persistent（but shrinking） gaps between Chinese and international meat prices, tariff barriers, and non-tariff measures. In the near future China may not be able to maintain such a lower profile on the world meat markets, as per capita income is projected to continue to rise and domestic production cost advantages erode due to rising labor costs. A model-based projection exercise indicates that under plausible assumptions China＇s meat imports may rise sharply by 2030.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（Nos.21390394, 21261130584, 91022030, 21771082）, the National Basic Research Program of China（Nos.2012CB821700, 2011CB808703）, the ＂111＂ Project of China（No.B07016）, the Award Project of King Abdullah University of Science ＆ Technology（No.CRG-1-2012-LAI-009）, the Science and Technology Development Center Project of the Ministry of Education of China（No.20120061130012） and the Science and Technology Research Program of the 13th Five Year Plan of China（No.20120061130012） and the Fund of Education Department of Jilin Province, China（No.2016405）.
文摘Hierarchical silicalite-1 zeolites were obtained from the direct conversion of a mixture of ground solid raw materials via a steam-assisted crystallization（SAC） method without involvement of any mesoscale template. Only a trace amount of water was necessary during the crystallization, implying that the amount of water can be dramatically reduced, which still offers easy separation and high yields. The simple procedure involved only grinding and heating, which not only saves resources and energy, but also significantly reduces the discharge of eco-friendly synthesis of zeolites for practical applications. Compared to conventional bulk silicalite-1, the nanosized hierarchical zeolites with MFI structure show enhanced removal capabilities for methylene blue owing to their hierarchical porosity.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.71373084 Global Change Scientific Research Program of China, No.2010CB951204 Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, No. 13ZZ035.Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Professor Xu Shiyuan of School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, China, and Professor Yu Zhiying of State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, China, who gave us great help on this research and constructive advice to the paper.
文摘The Yangtze delta＇s response to accelerating river damming and irrigation is a topic of global concern. This research analyzed the general erosion-accretion of the submerged delta front, the spatio-temporal changing pattern in different sub-regions, the geomorphological changes in typical cross-sections, and the geomorphological causes of the four main sub-regions（the eastern tidal wetland of Chongming–CM, the Hengsha shoal–HS, the Jiuduansha wetland–JDS, and the eastern tidal wetland of Nanhui–NH）. Data sources include topographic data measured at high-resolution, sediment load at Datong Station, and the corresponding estuary construction information. Major findings are：（1） in general, the study area had slightly eroded（the erosion area ratio was 51.83% and the accretion area ratio was 48.17%） from 1982 to 2010, and it had experienced a shift of “erosion-accretion- erosion”. The spatio-temporal change of geomorphology was also significant in the eight sub-regions, excluding constant erosion in the North Channel;（2） evolution in eastern and northern CM and HS, northern JDS, and the region within the 5 m isobath of NH was dominated by vertical deposition, which was the opposite of that in southern CM and HS, and the region within the 5 m isobath of eastern and southern JDS;（3） on the whole, the encompassed surface areas（ESAs） of the 2 m and 5 m isobaths kept increasing, and the annual growth rates reached 10.42 km^2/yr and 7.99 km^2/yr respectively during 1982–2010（however, four sub-regions exhibited disagreements）, and in the whole region and all sub-regions, the ESA of the 10 m isobath decreased, while the ESA of the 15 m isobath changed slightly during the period and remained stable;（4） being less influenced by the estuarine engineering, CM was the only sub-region where the ESA of the isobath decreased in accordance with the decline of the sediment load. Major conclusions are that estuarine engineering projects play an increasingly important role in affecting th
文摘AIM: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age(D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall survival after listing.METHODS: Probabilities derived from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2002 and 2004 were used to simulate potential outcomes for all patients listed for transplantation. The Markov simula-tion was then modified by screening matches using a 1200 or 1600 D-MELD risk cap ± allowing transplants for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD) ≤ 14(Rule 14). The differential impact of the rule changes was assessed.RESULTS: The Markov simulation accurately reproduced overall and post transplant survival. A 1200 D-MELD risk cap improved post-transplant survival. Both the 1200 and 1600 risk caps improved overall survival for waitlisted patients. The addition of Rule 14 further improved post transplant and overall survival by redistribution of donor livers to recipients in higher MELD subgroups. The mechanism for improved overall and post-transplant survival after listing was due to shifting a larger percentage of transplants to the moderate MELD score subgroup(MELD 15-29) while also ensuring that high MELD recipients have livers of high quality to achieve excellent post transplant survival.CONCLUSION: A 1200 D-MELD risk cap + Rule 14 provided the greatest overall benefit primarily by focusing liver transplantation towards the moderate MELD recipient.
文摘The 2013 Monitoring Report of Health Literacy Level of Chinese Residents announced by National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）on February 17,2015 shows that health literacy level of Chinese residents had increased to 9.48%,a rise of 0.68percentage point over 8.80% in 2012 and an increase of 3 percentage points over 6.48% in 2008.
基金Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences(MPS)(DMR-1506987)National Science Foundation(NSF)
文摘We develop a numerical scheme to construct the scattering(S) matrix for optical microcavities, including the special cases with parity-time and other non-Hermitian symmetries. This scheme incorporates the explicit form of a nonlocal boundary condition, with the incident light represented by an inhomogeneous term. This approach resolves the artifact of a discontinuous normal derivative typically found in the R-matrix method. In addition, we show that, by excluding the aforementioned inhomogeneous term, the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian in our approach also determines the Periels–Kapur states, and it constitutes an alternative approach to derive the standard R-matrix result in this basis. Therefore, our scheme provides a convenient framework to explore the benefits of both approaches. We illustrate this boundary value problem using 1D and 2D scalar Helmholtz equations.The eigenvalues and poles of the S matrix calculated using our approach show good agreement with resultsobtained by other means.
文摘Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal chemotherapy combined with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors.Methods The clinical and follow-up data of 29 patients with leptomeningeal metastases frommalignant solid tumor who had intrathecal chemotherapy combined with concurrent radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed.The treatment regimen was that 12.5-15.0 mg of methotrexate intrathecal injection once a week for
文摘During the Late Carboniferous Taiyuan and Shanxi stage, some relevant factors in the formation and distribution of the high-seam zone in Shanxi can be summed up as follows: 1. The Type of Lithofacies Association The sandstone-mudstone facies and the mudstone-sandstone facies are the best lithofacies association types in the high-seam zone formation, in which the clastic ratio is>8 and the sandmud ratio 1/2—2 (excluding the seam). 2. The Type of Phase-Cycle
文摘According to statistics from the General Administration of Customs of the PRC, the imports of China’s non-ferrous metal products (excluding chemical and Ferroalloy products) totaled $113.988 billion in 2012, a year-on-year decline of 1.59%. The export totaled $70.556 billion, a year-on-year increase of 34.10%. The trade deficit was $43.432 billion in 2012,
文摘As approved by the State Council,electricityprice will be adjusted nationwide since January1<sup>st</sup>of 2004:up RMB 0.8 fen per kilowatt/hourfor electricity users excluding residential andagricultural users.
文摘7.1 Bronchial asthma 2006058 The clinical study of the relationship between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in patients with autumnal pollinosis YI Jia(尹佳 ) ,et al. Dept Allerg, PUMC Hosp CAMS & PUMC,Beijing 100730, Natl Med J China 2005; 85 (24) :1683 -1687. Objective: To investigate the relationship between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in patients with autumnal pollinosis. Methods: 1120 patients with autumnal pollinosis, aged 5 - 75, excluding those with typical symptoms of seasonal rhinitis or asthma but with positive skin test and serum IgE specific to dustmite and fungi, underwent standardized clinical questionnaire survey, including the onset age, onset time, and symptoms as well as the sever-
文摘China’s foreign trade in the first two months of 2016According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in the first two months of 2016 reached 3.31trillion yuan,down 12.6%year on year(the same below).In terms of the U.S.dollar,the total import and export reached US$510.73 billion,down 17.4%.In February alone,the total
文摘Akzo Nobel,a Fortune 500 coatings and spe-cialty chemicals company,is well positioned for strong growth,especially in emerging mar-kets such as China,after going through a year of successful transformation,its senior execu-tive said on March 25th.Akzo Nobel reported 5% autonomous growth and a 29% rise in net income before incidentals for 2007.Revenue for the year amounted to EUR 10.2 billion(excluding ICI),up 2% year-on-year,with notable contribu-tions from emerging markets.Its China op-erations reported revenue of US＄1 031 mil-
