This paper aims to unveit neotectonic imprints in topography, drainage and sediments in the 46.25 km tong course of the River Chet from its source down to its attuvial fan at the base of the Himatayan Mountain Front i...This paper aims to unveit neotectonic imprints in topography, drainage and sediments in the 46.25 km tong course of the River Chet from its source down to its attuvial fan at the base of the Himatayan Mountain Front in the Darjeeting-Jatpaiguri districts of India. A semi-circutar ridge detimits its primary catchment. Within confinement of this watershed basin the drainage pattern is composite being convergent atong the periphery and divergent on a butte inside. AtE these geomorphic neotectonic imprints are accom- panied by ramp and fiat structures and spectacutar mytonitization of rocks. High hypsometric index and convex shape of the hypsometric curve derived from the centrat near-straight course of the river between the primary catchment and the Main Frontat Thrust （MFT） atso reftects tectonic youthfutness of the river course. It is wett manifested atso in widety variabte stream index and stream gradient index ratios （SL/K） often exceeding 2. In response to neotectonism, this river course as a whore shifted westward between 1962 and 2007. Maximum reduction of the stream gradient on top of the MFT is etoquent enough about recent uptift of the thrust ridge. The high average stope gradient of canyon watt about 45.68° is wett consistent with this uptift. Very tow channet-width/vaUey-height ratio along the river further corroborates the uptift. The attuviat fan system of the River Chet is comprised of five morphogenetic fans stacked one above another with a tendency to shrink and shift progressively upstope. They differ from each other in terms of titt, axiat orientation, primary depositionat surface gradient and convexity in transverse section and thus present a writ of ongoing tectonism. Progressive upward increase in the share of distat crystattine rocks in ctast composition within attuviat fan package is a dear proxy for southerty advancement of the MFT. Concomitant increase in maximum ctast size is in good agreement with sediment source uptift. Art the five fans are, however, dormant now. Present-day 展开更多
Spatial evolution in ancient Chinese villages is always one of the most interesting research topics in the field of architectural design, urban planning and history of architecture. Xi-di village exemplifies tradition...Spatial evolution in ancient Chinese villages is always one of the most interesting research topics in the field of architectural design, urban planning and history of architecture. Xi-di village exemplifies traditional settlements in ancient China, For many years, numerous researchers have explored its built form, origin and evolution process from different perspectives. This paper attempts to position the spatial evolution process of this village in the context of complex system theory, which views the process of space self-organization as a form of disequilibrium and nonlinear development process. Through analyzing the mechanism of village space changes, we develop the dynamic evolution modeling based on the theory of cellular automata. The purpose of the paper is to provide a new perspective for the conventional architectural research of space self-organization.展开更多
The Oxfordian （Late Jurassic） carbonate-dominated ptatform outcropping in the Swiss Jura Mountains offers a good biostratigraphic, sequence-stratigraphic, and cyclostratigraphic framework to reconstruct changes in f...The Oxfordian （Late Jurassic） carbonate-dominated ptatform outcropping in the Swiss Jura Mountains offers a good biostratigraphic, sequence-stratigraphic, and cyclostratigraphic framework to reconstruct changes in facies distribution at a time-resolution of 100 ka. It thus allows interpreting the dynamic evolution of this platform in much more detail than conventional palaeogeographic maps permit. As an example, a Middle to Late Oxfordian time slice is presented, spanning an interval of about 1.6 Ma. The study is based on 12 sections logged at cm-scale. The interpreted depositional environments include marginal-marine emerged ;ands, fresh-water lakes, tidal fiats, shallow lagoons, ooid shoals, and coral reefs. Although limestones dominate, marly intervals and dolomites occur sporadically. Major facies shifts are related to m-scale sea-level changes linked to the orbital short eccentricity cycle （100 ka）. The 20-ka precession cycle caused minor facies changes but cannot always be resolved. Synsedimentary tectonics induced additional accommodation changes by creating shallow basins where days accumulated or highs on which shoals or islands formed. Autocyclic processes such as lateral migration of ooid and bioclastic shoals added to the sedimentary record. CEimate changes intervened to control terrestrial run-off and, consequently, siliciclastic and nutrient input. Coral reefs reacted to such input by becoming dominated by microbialites and eventually by being smothered. Concomitant occurrence of siliciclastics anddolomite in certain intervals further suggests that, at times, it was relatively arid in the study area but there was rainfall in more northern latitudes, eroding the Hercynian substrate. These examples from the Swiss Jura demonstrate the highly dynamic and （geologically speaking） rapid evolution of sedimentary systems, in which tectonically controlled basin morphology, orbitally induced climate and sea-level changes, currents, and the ecology of the carbonate-producing organisms interacted t展开更多
This paper explores the problem-solving behavior of people in design activities through a protocol analysis of verbal reports on the interior work design process simulated by an interactive evolutionary computation （...This paper explores the problem-solving behavior of people in design activities through a protocol analysis of verbal reports on the interior work design process simulated by an interactive evolutionary computation （IEC）. The protocol analysis method was used to explore the ways of thinking of the participants throughout the process. The analysis reveals that different parts of the interior scene have different effects on the evaluations, and people tend to use the same evaluation criteria continuously on several images. This kind of behavior is consistent with that of professional designers in past studies and is revealed applicable to nonprofessionals in the current research.展开更多
基金UGC,Minor Research Project,Govt. Of India(F.PSW-032/08-09_ERO) for financial supportfinancial help from DST(ESS/16/243/2006-EMR-ll)
文摘This paper aims to unveit neotectonic imprints in topography, drainage and sediments in the 46.25 km tong course of the River Chet from its source down to its attuvial fan at the base of the Himatayan Mountain Front in the Darjeeting-Jatpaiguri districts of India. A semi-circutar ridge detimits its primary catchment. Within confinement of this watershed basin the drainage pattern is composite being convergent atong the periphery and divergent on a butte inside. AtE these geomorphic neotectonic imprints are accom- panied by ramp and fiat structures and spectacutar mytonitization of rocks. High hypsometric index and convex shape of the hypsometric curve derived from the centrat near-straight course of the river between the primary catchment and the Main Frontat Thrust （MFT） atso reftects tectonic youthfutness of the river course. It is wett manifested atso in widety variabte stream index and stream gradient index ratios （SL/K） often exceeding 2. In response to neotectonism, this river course as a whore shifted westward between 1962 and 2007. Maximum reduction of the stream gradient on top of the MFT is etoquent enough about recent uptift of the thrust ridge. The high average stope gradient of canyon watt about 45.68° is wett consistent with this uptift. Very tow channet-width/vaUey-height ratio along the river further corroborates the uptift. The attuviat fan system of the River Chet is comprised of five morphogenetic fans stacked one above another with a tendency to shrink and shift progressively upstope. They differ from each other in terms of titt, axiat orientation, primary depositionat surface gradient and convexity in transverse section and thus present a writ of ongoing tectonism. Progressive upward increase in the share of distat crystattine rocks in ctast composition within attuviat fan package is a dear proxy for southerty advancement of the MFT. Concomitant increase in maximum ctast size is in good agreement with sediment source uptift. Art the five fans are, however, dormant now. Present-day
文摘Spatial evolution in ancient Chinese villages is always one of the most interesting research topics in the field of architectural design, urban planning and history of architecture. Xi-di village exemplifies traditional settlements in ancient China, For many years, numerous researchers have explored its built form, origin and evolution process from different perspectives. This paper attempts to position the spatial evolution process of this village in the context of complex system theory, which views the process of space self-organization as a form of disequilibrium and nonlinear development process. Through analyzing the mechanism of village space changes, we develop the dynamic evolution modeling based on the theory of cellular automata. The purpose of the paper is to provide a new perspective for the conventional architectural research of space self-organization.
基金the financial support of the Swiss National Science Foundation,which is gratefully acknowledged(Projects No.20 41888,20-43150,20-46625,20-67736,and 20-109214)
文摘The Oxfordian （Late Jurassic） carbonate-dominated ptatform outcropping in the Swiss Jura Mountains offers a good biostratigraphic, sequence-stratigraphic, and cyclostratigraphic framework to reconstruct changes in facies distribution at a time-resolution of 100 ka. It thus allows interpreting the dynamic evolution of this platform in much more detail than conventional palaeogeographic maps permit. As an example, a Middle to Late Oxfordian time slice is presented, spanning an interval of about 1.6 Ma. The study is based on 12 sections logged at cm-scale. The interpreted depositional environments include marginal-marine emerged ;ands, fresh-water lakes, tidal fiats, shallow lagoons, ooid shoals, and coral reefs. Although limestones dominate, marly intervals and dolomites occur sporadically. Major facies shifts are related to m-scale sea-level changes linked to the orbital short eccentricity cycle （100 ka）. The 20-ka precession cycle caused minor facies changes but cannot always be resolved. Synsedimentary tectonics induced additional accommodation changes by creating shallow basins where days accumulated or highs on which shoals or islands formed. Autocyclic processes such as lateral migration of ooid and bioclastic shoals added to the sedimentary record. CEimate changes intervened to control terrestrial run-off and, consequently, siliciclastic and nutrient input. Coral reefs reacted to such input by becoming dominated by microbialites and eventually by being smothered. Concomitant occurrence of siliciclastics anddolomite in certain intervals further suggests that, at times, it was relatively arid in the study area but there was rainfall in more northern latitudes, eroding the Hercynian substrate. These examples from the Swiss Jura demonstrate the highly dynamic and （geologically speaking） rapid evolution of sedimentary systems, in which tectonically controlled basin morphology, orbitally induced climate and sea-level changes, currents, and the ecology of the carbonate-producing organisms interacted t
文摘This paper explores the problem-solving behavior of people in design activities through a protocol analysis of verbal reports on the interior work design process simulated by an interactive evolutionary computation （IEC）. The protocol analysis method was used to explore the ways of thinking of the participants throughout the process. The analysis reveals that different parts of the interior scene have different effects on the evaluations, and people tend to use the same evaluation criteria continuously on several images. This kind of behavior is consistent with that of professional designers in past studies and is revealed applicable to nonprofessionals in the current research.
