Members of the genus Juglans are monecious wind-pollinated trees in the family Juglandaceae with highly heterozygous genomes,which greatly complicates genome sequence assembly.The genomes of interspecific hybrids are ...Members of the genus Juglans are monecious wind-pollinated trees in the family Juglandaceae with highly heterozygous genomes,which greatly complicates genome sequence assembly.The genomes of interspecific hybrids are usually comprised of haploid genomes of parental species.We exploited this attribute of interspecific hybrids to avoid heterozygosity and sequenced an interspecific hybrid Juglans microcarpa×J.regia using a novel combination of single-molecule sequencing and optical genome mapping technologies.The resulting assemblies of both genomes were remarkably complete including chromosome termini and centromere regions.Chromosome termini consisted of arrays of telomeric repeats about 8 kb long and heterochromatic subtelomeric regions about 10 kb long.The centromeres consisted of arrays of a centromere-specific Gypsy retrotransposon and most contained genes,many of them transcribed.Juglans genomes evolved by a whole-genome-duplication dating back to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and consist of two subgenomes,which were fractionated by numerous short gene deletions evenly distributed along the length of the chromosomes.Fractionation was shown to be asymmetric with one subgenome exhibiting greater gene loss than the other.The asymmetry of the process is ongoing and mirrors an asymmetry in gene expression between the subgenomes.Given the importance of J.microcarpa×J.regia hybrids as potential walnut rootstocks,we catalogued disease resistance genes in the parental genomes and studied their chromosomal distribution.We also estimated the molecular clock rates for woody perennials and deployed them in estimating divergence times of Juglans genomes and those of other woody perennials.展开更多
Polyphenylene sulfone/graphene oxide(PPSU/GO) mixed matrix membranes with different GO contents are prepared by phase inversion technique using, PEG-1000 as porogen, and N,N-dimethylacetamide(DMAC) as solvent.The hydr...Polyphenylene sulfone/graphene oxide(PPSU/GO) mixed matrix membranes with different GO contents are prepared by phase inversion technique using, PEG-1000 as porogen, and N,N-dimethylacetamide(DMAC) as solvent.The hydrophilicity and pure water flux of the membrane are investigated. The morphology, hydrophilicity, thermodynamic stability and compatibility of the membranes are characterized by various techniques such as SEM,TGA, FTIR and so on. The permeation properties of the membrane are measured in terms of pure water flux and bovine serum albumin(BSA) retention. The results indicate that when the GO content is 1.5 wt%, an evenly distributed finger structure has been formed in the mixed matrix membranes. Owing to the presence of GO,the hydrophilicity and the thermal stability of the membranes are improved, and the fouling resistance is also enhanced.展开更多
screw-cone-like Zn_(2)GeO_(4)-ZnO particles with a base diameter of approximately 400 nm and a height of 400–800 nm or so were successfully synthesised by combustion oxidation of zinc and germanium powder at 960℃.No...screw-cone-like Zn_(2)GeO_(4)-ZnO particles with a base diameter of approximately 400 nm and a height of 400–800 nm or so were successfully synthesised by combustion oxidation of zinc and germanium powder at 960℃.No catalyst or carrier gases were used.XRD and SEM analyses reveal that Zn_(2)GeO_(4) and ZnO grew to parasitic crystals evenly in interaction with each other.EDS images exhibit the homogeneity of the distribution of Ge and Zn.The formation mechanism is discussed and attributed to the unique growth process of the screw-cone-like Zn_(2)GeO_(4)-ZnO particles and its vapour-solid(VS)growth mechanism.In addition,the Zn_(2)GeO_(4)-ZnO particles could tune the energy level structure of nano-tetrapod ZnO,which leads to the emission peak redshift from 376 nm to 435 nm and enhances the light emission intensity in the visible light region.展开更多
This paper systematically combs 416 literature on urban ecosystem services (UES) in China and other countries from 2010 to 2020,and carefully interprets the abstracts of 383 effective literature.According to the class...This paper systematically combs 416 literature on urban ecosystem services (UES) in China and other countries from 2010 to 2020,and carefully interprets the abstracts of 383 effective literature.According to the classification method of the research perspectives of ecosystem services proposed by Luederitz C,the literature is divided into six categories:ecology,governance,methods / tools / guidelines,social networking,economy and planning,and Excel and CiteSpace software were used for data statistical analysis and visual processing.The research shows that:in terms of research perspectives,foreign researches are evenly distributed in six categories:ecology,governance,methods / tools / guidelines,social networking,economy and planning,while domestic research perspectives are relatively concentrated in three categories:economy,governance,methods / tools / guidelines,and the proportion of economic category is particularly significant.In terms of research contents,there are more studies on climate governance,decision-making mechanism and method innovation abroad,while there are more studies on the measurement of carbon sequestration and oxygen releasing,the evaluation of ecological security pattern and the quantitative evaluation of UES’s economic value in China,and there are less studies on institutional organization structure and policy tools,innovative methods of UES’s value evaluation,the potential role of UES on some social phenomena,the relationship between UES and residents’ behavior and perception.展开更多
Quartz crystal has good thermoluminescence (TL) properties which are closely related to the type, dose, method of radiation, and heating conditions before determination. Different TL peaks in the glow curve of quartz ...Quartz crystal has good thermoluminescence (TL) properties which are closely related to the type, dose, method of radiation, and heating conditions before determination. Different TL peaks in the glow curve of quartz are displayed by different types of quartz owing to their much varied environmental influences. Therefore, it is important both in methodological research and in practice to understand first the展开更多
Awns play an important role in seed dispersal and photosynthesis of spikes.Three major awn inhibitors(Hd,B1,and B2)are reported in wheat.However,the molecular mechanism underlying awnlessness remained unknown until re...Awns play an important role in seed dispersal and photosynthesis of spikes.Three major awn inhibitors(Hd,B1,and B2)are reported in wheat.However,the molecular mechanism underlying awnlessness remained unknown until recently.In this study,we identified two F8 recombinant inbred lines(RILs)that were segregating for awn length.In order to identify the causal gene for awn length in the heterozygous inbred families(HIFs),SNPs were called from RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq)data for HIF-derived progenies with long and short awns.SNPs between long and short awn plants were evenly distributed on chromosomes(chr)other than chromosome 5 A.SNPs on chr 5 A were clustered in a region distal 688 Mb on the long arm,where inhibitor B1 was located.This suggested that B1 was the causal segregating locus.We precisely mapped B1 to^1 Mb region using two HIF-derived families.Considering that the lines segregated for long,intermediate and short awn phenotypes we speculated that B1 should have a dosage effect on awn length.Two differentially expressed genes(DEGs)located in the candidate region were regarded as candidate genes for B1,because the molecular expression pattern was consistent with the phenotype.HIFs with long and short awns showed no difference on grain yield and other agronomic traits.展开更多
Since 1988, the authors have appliedthe Jiangya (BP lowering) Paste preparedaccording to his empirical recipe onto bilat-eral Yongquan acupoints (K 1) for treat-ment of primary hypertension. Clinical ob-servations hav...Since 1988, the authors have appliedthe Jiangya (BP lowering) Paste preparedaccording to his empirical recipe onto bilat-eral Yongquan acupoints (K 1) for treat-ment of primary hypertension. Clinical ob-servations have demonstrated that themethod has a very good effect on loweringhypertension. The method of treatment andthe therapeutic results are reported as fol-lows.展开更多
Globalization has flourished since World War II but the benefits of economic globalization are not evenly distributed among countries or different groups within a country.Before the financial crisis in 2008,developed ...Globalization has flourished since World War II but the benefits of economic globalization are not evenly distributed among countries or different groups within a country.Before the financial crisis in 2008,developed countries,the major advocates of globalization intensified their internal contradictions.Now populism,protectionism and isolationism,the main features of anti-globalization,are rising in many of these developed countries.展开更多
A layer of TiO_(x) was deposited on powdery γ-Al_(2)O_(3) by using Sat-target magnetron sputtering in microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma.A vibrator was developed to coat the γ-Al_(2)O_(3) particles evenly...A layer of TiO_(x) was deposited on powdery γ-Al_(2)O_(3) by using Sat-target magnetron sputtering in microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma.A vibrator was developed to coat the γ-Al_(2)O_(3) particles evenly by TiO_(x).The conversion efficiency of methane and both the yield and the selectivity of C_(2) hydrocarbons and C_(2)H_(2) were revealed to be superior to that by conventional chemical method.The use of vibrator is effective.展开更多
基金supported by USDA/NIFA/SCRI under grant number 59-5306-2-333 and by the California Walnut Board.
文摘Members of the genus Juglans are monecious wind-pollinated trees in the family Juglandaceae with highly heterozygous genomes,which greatly complicates genome sequence assembly.The genomes of interspecific hybrids are usually comprised of haploid genomes of parental species.We exploited this attribute of interspecific hybrids to avoid heterozygosity and sequenced an interspecific hybrid Juglans microcarpa×J.regia using a novel combination of single-molecule sequencing and optical genome mapping technologies.The resulting assemblies of both genomes were remarkably complete including chromosome termini and centromere regions.Chromosome termini consisted of arrays of telomeric repeats about 8 kb long and heterochromatic subtelomeric regions about 10 kb long.The centromeres consisted of arrays of a centromere-specific Gypsy retrotransposon and most contained genes,many of them transcribed.Juglans genomes evolved by a whole-genome-duplication dating back to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and consist of two subgenomes,which were fractionated by numerous short gene deletions evenly distributed along the length of the chromosomes.Fractionation was shown to be asymmetric with one subgenome exhibiting greater gene loss than the other.The asymmetry of the process is ongoing and mirrors an asymmetry in gene expression between the subgenomes.Given the importance of J.microcarpa×J.regia hybrids as potential walnut rootstocks,we catalogued disease resistance genes in the parental genomes and studied their chromosomal distribution.We also estimated the molecular clock rates for woody perennials and deployed them in estimating divergence times of Juglans genomes and those of other woody perennials.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2016209059)the Training Fund Project of North China University of Science and Technology(sp201520)
文摘Polyphenylene sulfone/graphene oxide(PPSU/GO) mixed matrix membranes with different GO contents are prepared by phase inversion technique using, PEG-1000 as porogen, and N,N-dimethylacetamide(DMAC) as solvent.The hydrophilicity and pure water flux of the membrane are investigated. The morphology, hydrophilicity, thermodynamic stability and compatibility of the membranes are characterized by various techniques such as SEM,TGA, FTIR and so on. The permeation properties of the membrane are measured in terms of pure water flux and bovine serum albumin(BSA) retention. The results indicate that when the GO content is 1.5 wt%, an evenly distributed finger structure has been formed in the mixed matrix membranes. Owing to the presence of GO,the hydrophilicity and the thermal stability of the membranes are improved, and the fouling resistance is also enhanced.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 50872159,50972014 , 51272110.
文摘screw-cone-like Zn_(2)GeO_(4)-ZnO particles with a base diameter of approximately 400 nm and a height of 400–800 nm or so were successfully synthesised by combustion oxidation of zinc and germanium powder at 960℃.No catalyst or carrier gases were used.XRD and SEM analyses reveal that Zn_(2)GeO_(4) and ZnO grew to parasitic crystals evenly in interaction with each other.EDS images exhibit the homogeneity of the distribution of Ge and Zn.The formation mechanism is discussed and attributed to the unique growth process of the screw-cone-like Zn_(2)GeO_(4)-ZnO particles and its vapour-solid(VS)growth mechanism.In addition,the Zn_(2)GeO_(4)-ZnO particles could tune the energy level structure of nano-tetrapod ZnO,which leads to the emission peak redshift from 376 nm to 435 nm and enhances the light emission intensity in the visible light region.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fond of China (Grant No. 19XJY003)。
文摘This paper systematically combs 416 literature on urban ecosystem services (UES) in China and other countries from 2010 to 2020,and carefully interprets the abstracts of 383 effective literature.According to the classification method of the research perspectives of ecosystem services proposed by Luederitz C,the literature is divided into six categories:ecology,governance,methods / tools / guidelines,social networking,economy and planning,and Excel and CiteSpace software were used for data statistical analysis and visual processing.The research shows that:in terms of research perspectives,foreign researches are evenly distributed in six categories:ecology,governance,methods / tools / guidelines,social networking,economy and planning,while domestic research perspectives are relatively concentrated in three categories:economy,governance,methods / tools / guidelines,and the proportion of economic category is particularly significant.In terms of research contents,there are more studies on climate governance,decision-making mechanism and method innovation abroad,while there are more studies on the measurement of carbon sequestration and oxygen releasing,the evaluation of ecological security pattern and the quantitative evaluation of UES’s economic value in China,and there are less studies on institutional organization structure and policy tools,innovative methods of UES’s value evaluation,the potential role of UES on some social phenomena,the relationship between UES and residents’ behavior and perception.
文摘Quartz crystal has good thermoluminescence (TL) properties which are closely related to the type, dose, method of radiation, and heating conditions before determination. Different TL peaks in the glow curve of quartz are displayed by different types of quartz owing to their much varied environmental influences. Therefore, it is important both in methodological research and in practice to understand first the
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0101802)Exploring Candidate Genes of heat root length by integrative genomics(PCCE-KF-2018-02)。
文摘Awns play an important role in seed dispersal and photosynthesis of spikes.Three major awn inhibitors(Hd,B1,and B2)are reported in wheat.However,the molecular mechanism underlying awnlessness remained unknown until recently.In this study,we identified two F8 recombinant inbred lines(RILs)that were segregating for awn length.In order to identify the causal gene for awn length in the heterozygous inbred families(HIFs),SNPs were called from RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq)data for HIF-derived progenies with long and short awns.SNPs between long and short awn plants were evenly distributed on chromosomes(chr)other than chromosome 5 A.SNPs on chr 5 A were clustered in a region distal 688 Mb on the long arm,where inhibitor B1 was located.This suggested that B1 was the causal segregating locus.We precisely mapped B1 to^1 Mb region using two HIF-derived families.Considering that the lines segregated for long,intermediate and short awn phenotypes we speculated that B1 should have a dosage effect on awn length.Two differentially expressed genes(DEGs)located in the candidate region were regarded as candidate genes for B1,because the molecular expression pattern was consistent with the phenotype.HIFs with long and short awns showed no difference on grain yield and other agronomic traits.
文摘Since 1988, the authors have appliedthe Jiangya (BP lowering) Paste preparedaccording to his empirical recipe onto bilat-eral Yongquan acupoints (K 1) for treat-ment of primary hypertension. Clinical ob-servations have demonstrated that themethod has a very good effect on loweringhypertension. The method of treatment andthe therapeutic results are reported as fol-lows.
文摘Globalization has flourished since World War II but the benefits of economic globalization are not evenly distributed among countries or different groups within a country.Before the financial crisis in 2008,developed countries,the major advocates of globalization intensified their internal contradictions.Now populism,protectionism and isolationism,the main features of anti-globalization,are rising in many of these developed countries.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.69493502。
文摘A layer of TiO_(x) was deposited on powdery γ-Al_(2)O_(3) by using Sat-target magnetron sputtering in microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma.A vibrator was developed to coat the γ-Al_(2)O_(3) particles evenly by TiO_(x).The conversion efficiency of methane and both the yield and the selectivity of C_(2) hydrocarbons and C_(2)H_(2) were revealed to be superior to that by conventional chemical method.The use of vibrator is effective.
