为了预测未来气候变化对中国东北三省玉米需水量的影响,该文在对中国东北三省近26a来玉米生育期内参考作物蒸散量变化及玉米需水量分析的基础上,结合《排放情景特别报告》(Special Report on Emissions Scenarios,SRES)的两种排放情景A2...为了预测未来气候变化对中国东北三省玉米需水量的影响,该文在对中国东北三省近26a来玉米生育期内参考作物蒸散量变化及玉米需水量分析的基础上,结合《排放情景特别报告》(Special Report on Emissions Scenarios,SRES)的两种排放情景A2(强调经济发展)和B2(强调可持续发展)预估的未来气候情景,研究探讨了未来气候情景下中国东北三省玉米需水量的变化趋势。结果表明,未来气候变化情景下,东北三省玉米需水量距平百分率大多表现为增加的趋势,最高可增加77.8%,而且不同地理环境及气候差异下,各地空间分布上也不尽相同。A2情景下,到2040年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加27.2%,到2070年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加34.5%,到2100年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加42.9%;B2情景下,到2040年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加28.6%,到2070年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加33.3%,到2100年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加37.3%。可见,未来中国东北三省水资源可能更趋于短缺状况。展开更多
该文研究交替隔沟灌溉下不同灌溉制度对制种玉米耗水规律和产量的影响。以制种玉米“金西北22号”为供试材料,2014年在大田条件下采用垄植沟灌技术,设置7种灌溉制度:全生育期充分供水(CK)、仅苗期中度亏水(T1)、仅苗期重度亏水(T2)、仅...该文研究交替隔沟灌溉下不同灌溉制度对制种玉米耗水规律和产量的影响。以制种玉米“金西北22号”为供试材料,2014年在大田条件下采用垄植沟灌技术,设置7种灌溉制度:全生育期充分供水(CK)、仅苗期中度亏水(T1)、仅苗期重度亏水(T2)、仅穗期中度亏水(T3)、仅穗期重度亏水(T4)、仅花粒期中度亏水(T5)和仅花粒期重度亏水(T6),分析灌溉制度对玉米耗水强度、作物系数、籽粒产量和水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)的影响。结果表明:CK下制种玉米生长期内的耗水量、平均作物系数和籽粒产量均最大,分别是494mm、0.86和6478kg/hm^2。与CK相比,任一亏水处理均降低制种玉米全生育期的平均耗水强度,且T6处理下全生育期的平均耗水强度较T5处理的相应值明显减少(P<0.05);任一生育期亏水均降低该生育阶段的作物系数。T2、T3、T4、T5和T6处理的籽粒产量较CK明显降低,降幅分别是13.29%、15.48%、28.13%、14.06%和19.87%(P<0.05);而T1处理的籽粒产量较CK差异不显著(P>0.05),与此同时,T1处理下玉米的耗水量较CK下降20.44%,使其WUE最大(1.55kg/m^3)、灌溉水WUE最大(2.54kg/m^3)。可见,交替隔沟灌溉下采用苗期中度亏水、其他生育期内充分供水的灌溉制度可明显提高制种玉米的水分利用效率,同时不显著降低产量。该研究结果对河西走廊地区制种玉米灌溉管理具有重要指导意义。展开更多
Temporally irregular rainfall distribution and inefficient rainwater management create severe constraints on crop production in rainfed semiarid areas. Gravel and plastic film mulching are effective methods for improv...Temporally irregular rainfall distribution and inefficient rainwater management create severe constraints on crop production in rainfed semiarid areas. Gravel and plastic film mulching are effective methods for improving agricultural productivity and water utilization. However, the effects of these mulching practices on soil water supply and plant water use associated with crop yield are not well understood. A 3-yr study was conducted to analyze the occurrence and distribution of dry spells in a semiarid region of Northwest China and to evaluate the effects of non-mulching （CK）, gravel mulching （GM） and plastic film mulching （FM） on the soil water supply, plant water use and maize （Zea mays L.） grain yield. Rainfall analysis showed that dry spells of ≥5 days occurred frequently in each of 3 yr, accounting for 59.9-69.2% of the maize growing periods. The 〉15-d dry spells during the jointing stage would expose maize plants to particularly severe water stress. Compared with the CK treatment, both the GM and FM treatments markedly increased soil water storage during the early growing season. In general, the total evapotranspiration （ET） was not significantly different among the three treatments, but the mulched treatments significantly increased the ratio of pre- to post-silking ET, which was closely associated with yield improvement. As a result, the grain yield significantly increased by 17.1, 70.3 and 16.7% for the GM treatment and by 28.3, 87.6 and 38.2% for the FM treatment in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. It＇s concluded that both GM and FM are effective strategies for mitigating the impacts of water deficit and improving maize production in semiarid areas. However. FM is more effective than GM.展开更多
文摘为了预测未来气候变化对中国东北三省玉米需水量的影响,该文在对中国东北三省近26a来玉米生育期内参考作物蒸散量变化及玉米需水量分析的基础上,结合《排放情景特别报告》(Special Report on Emissions Scenarios,SRES)的两种排放情景A2(强调经济发展)和B2(强调可持续发展)预估的未来气候情景,研究探讨了未来气候情景下中国东北三省玉米需水量的变化趋势。结果表明,未来气候变化情景下,东北三省玉米需水量距平百分率大多表现为增加的趋势,最高可增加77.8%,而且不同地理环境及气候差异下,各地空间分布上也不尽相同。A2情景下,到2040年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加27.2%,到2070年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加34.5%,到2100年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加42.9%;B2情景下,到2040年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加28.6%,到2070年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加33.3%,到2100年玉米需水量距平百分率平均增加37.3%。可见,未来中国东北三省水资源可能更趋于短缺状况。
文摘该文研究交替隔沟灌溉下不同灌溉制度对制种玉米耗水规律和产量的影响。以制种玉米“金西北22号”为供试材料,2014年在大田条件下采用垄植沟灌技术,设置7种灌溉制度:全生育期充分供水(CK)、仅苗期中度亏水(T1)、仅苗期重度亏水(T2)、仅穗期中度亏水(T3)、仅穗期重度亏水(T4)、仅花粒期中度亏水(T5)和仅花粒期重度亏水(T6),分析灌溉制度对玉米耗水强度、作物系数、籽粒产量和水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)的影响。结果表明:CK下制种玉米生长期内的耗水量、平均作物系数和籽粒产量均最大,分别是494mm、0.86和6478kg/hm^2。与CK相比,任一亏水处理均降低制种玉米全生育期的平均耗水强度,且T6处理下全生育期的平均耗水强度较T5处理的相应值明显减少(P<0.05);任一生育期亏水均降低该生育阶段的作物系数。T2、T3、T4、T5和T6处理的籽粒产量较CK明显降低,降幅分别是13.29%、15.48%、28.13%、14.06%和19.87%(P<0.05);而T1处理的籽粒产量较CK差异不显著(P>0.05),与此同时,T1处理下玉米的耗水量较CK下降20.44%,使其WUE最大(1.55kg/m^3)、灌溉水WUE最大(2.54kg/m^3)。可见,交替隔沟灌溉下采用苗期中度亏水、其他生育期内充分供水的灌溉制度可明显提高制种玉米的水分利用效率,同时不显著降低产量。该研究结果对河西走廊地区制种玉米灌溉管理具有重要指导意义。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270553)the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB118604)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201103003)
文摘Temporally irregular rainfall distribution and inefficient rainwater management create severe constraints on crop production in rainfed semiarid areas. Gravel and plastic film mulching are effective methods for improving agricultural productivity and water utilization. However, the effects of these mulching practices on soil water supply and plant water use associated with crop yield are not well understood. A 3-yr study was conducted to analyze the occurrence and distribution of dry spells in a semiarid region of Northwest China and to evaluate the effects of non-mulching （CK）, gravel mulching （GM） and plastic film mulching （FM） on the soil water supply, plant water use and maize （Zea mays L.） grain yield. Rainfall analysis showed that dry spells of ≥5 days occurred frequently in each of 3 yr, accounting for 59.9-69.2% of the maize growing periods. The 〉15-d dry spells during the jointing stage would expose maize plants to particularly severe water stress. Compared with the CK treatment, both the GM and FM treatments markedly increased soil water storage during the early growing season. In general, the total evapotranspiration （ET） was not significantly different among the three treatments, but the mulched treatments significantly increased the ratio of pre- to post-silking ET, which was closely associated with yield improvement. As a result, the grain yield significantly increased by 17.1, 70.3 and 16.7% for the GM treatment and by 28.3, 87.6 and 38.2% for the FM treatment in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. It＇s concluded that both GM and FM are effective strategies for mitigating the impacts of water deficit and improving maize production in semiarid areas. However. FM is more effective than GM.
