Müller cells(MC) are considered dormant retinal progenitor cells in mammals.Previous studies demonstrated ephrin-As act as negative regulators of neural progenitor cells in the retina and brain.It remains unclear...Müller cells(MC) are considered dormant retinal progenitor cells in mammals.Previous studies demonstrated ephrin-As act as negative regulators of neural progenitor cells in the retina and brain.It remains unclear whether the lack of ephrin-A2/A3 is sufficient to promote the neurogenic potential of MC.Here we investigated whether the MC is the primary retinal cell type expressing ephrin-A2/A3 and their role on the neurogenic potential of Müller cells.In this study, we showed that ephrin-A2/A3 and their receptor EphA4 were expressed in retina and especially enriched in MC.The level of ephrin As/EphA4 expression increased as the retina matured that is correlated with the reduced proliferative and progenitor cell potential of MC.Next, we investigated the proliferation in primary MC cultures isolated from wild-type and A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–) mice by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine(EdU) incorporation.We detected a significant increase of EdU~+ cells in MC derived from A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–) mice.Next, we investigated the role of ephrin-A2/A3 in mice undergoing photoreceptor degeneration such as Rhodopsin knockout(Rho~(–/–)) mice.To further evaluate the role of ephrin-A2/A3 in MC proliferation in vivo, EdU was injected intraperitoneally to adult wild-type, A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–), Rho~(–/–) and Rho~(–/–) A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–) mice and the numbers of EdU~+ cells distributed among different layers of the retina.Ephrin As/EphA4 expression was upregulated in the retina of Rho~(–/–) mice compared to the wild-type mice.In addition, cultured MC derived from ephrin-A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–) mice also expressed higher levels of progenitor cell markers and exhibited higher proliferation potential than those from wild-type mice.Interestingly, we detected a significant increase of EdU~+ cells in the retinas of adult ephrin-A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–) mice mainly in the inner nuclear layer;and these EdU~+ cells were co-localized with MC marker, cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein, suggesting some prolifera展开更多
Nipah Virus (NiV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is one of the most infectious zoonotic viruses in Southeast Asia. First recorded in Malaysia in 1998, the NiV outbreak infected hundreds of people, with an al...Nipah Virus (NiV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is one of the most infectious zoonotic viruses in Southeast Asia. First recorded in Malaysia in 1998, the NiV outbreak infected hundreds of people, with an almost 50% death rate. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with contaminated subjects and infecting the human respiratory system. Ephrin B2 and B3, the surface glycoproteins on the host cell, have been the primary and the most effective route for viral entrance. Binding with viral surface G protein, the F protein triggers, enabling viral-host fusion. Until now, NiV vaccines are not yet available in the public market, however, preventions such as avoiding direct contact and masking are advised.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from Lion's Foundation Grant and Bright Focus Foundation(to KSC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.81600727(to RLZ)。
文摘Müller cells(MC) are considered dormant retinal progenitor cells in mammals.Previous studies demonstrated ephrin-As act as negative regulators of neural progenitor cells in the retina and brain.It remains unclear whether the lack of ephrin-A2/A3 is sufficient to promote the neurogenic potential of MC.Here we investigated whether the MC is the primary retinal cell type expressing ephrin-A2/A3 and their role on the neurogenic potential of Müller cells.In this study, we showed that ephrin-A2/A3 and their receptor EphA4 were expressed in retina and especially enriched in MC.The level of ephrin As/EphA4 expression increased as the retina matured that is correlated with the reduced proliferative and progenitor cell potential of MC.Next, we investigated the proliferation in primary MC cultures isolated from wild-type and A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–) mice by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine(EdU) incorporation.We detected a significant increase of EdU~+ cells in MC derived from A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–) mice.Next, we investigated the role of ephrin-A2/A3 in mice undergoing photoreceptor degeneration such as Rhodopsin knockout(Rho~(–/–)) mice.To further evaluate the role of ephrin-A2/A3 in MC proliferation in vivo, EdU was injected intraperitoneally to adult wild-type, A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–), Rho~(–/–) and Rho~(–/–) A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–) mice and the numbers of EdU~+ cells distributed among different layers of the retina.Ephrin As/EphA4 expression was upregulated in the retina of Rho~(–/–) mice compared to the wild-type mice.In addition, cultured MC derived from ephrin-A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–) mice also expressed higher levels of progenitor cell markers and exhibited higher proliferation potential than those from wild-type mice.Interestingly, we detected a significant increase of EdU~+ cells in the retinas of adult ephrin-A2~(–/–) A3~(–/–) mice mainly in the inner nuclear layer;and these EdU~+ cells were co-localized with MC marker, cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein, suggesting some prolifera
文摘Nipah Virus (NiV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is one of the most infectious zoonotic viruses in Southeast Asia. First recorded in Malaysia in 1998, the NiV outbreak infected hundreds of people, with an almost 50% death rate. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with contaminated subjects and infecting the human respiratory system. Ephrin B2 and B3, the surface glycoproteins on the host cell, have been the primary and the most effective route for viral entrance. Binding with viral surface G protein, the F protein triggers, enabling viral-host fusion. Until now, NiV vaccines are not yet available in the public market, however, preventions such as avoiding direct contact and masking are advised.
