In power grids,the frequency is increasing of extreme accidents which have a low probability but high risk such as natural disasters and deliberate attacks.This has sparked discussions on the resilience of power grids...In power grids,the frequency is increasing of extreme accidents which have a low probability but high risk such as natural disasters and deliberate attacks.This has sparked discussions on the resilience of power grids.Energy-storage systems(ESSs)are critical for enhancing the resilience of power grids.ESSs,with their mechanism of flexible charging and discharging,adjust energy usage as needed during disasters,thereby mitigating the impact on the grid and enhancing security and resilience.This,in turn,ensures the power system’s stable operation.Currently,there is limited systematic research quantifying the economic value of energy storage in resilience scenarios.Therefore,a model and methodology were proposed to quantify the value of energy storage systems for enhancing grid resilience during extreme events.A two-stage stochastic optimization mathematical model was developed.The first stage involves pre-deployment based on day-ahead expectations,and the second stage involves simulating potential failure scenarios through real-time scheduling.Considering the temporal dimension,the energy storage systems with flexible regulation capabilities was used as emergency power sources to reduce occurrences of load-shedding.Here,a novel index was proposed that quantifies the resilience value of energy storage as the economic value of energy storage per unit of capacity,as reflected in the emergency dispatch model.This index helps determine the balance between the energy storage investment cost and resilience value.Finally,an IEEE-30 node transmission system was used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.The findings revealed a significant improvement in the resilience value,with a 23.49%increase observed when energy storage systems were implemented compared to the scenario without energy storage systems.The optimal capacity configurations for the flywheel,lithium-ion batteries,and pumped hydro storage were 10 MW,11 MW,and 12 MW,respectively,highlight their potential to maximize value in experim展开更多
农田生态补偿作为一种控制化肥用量与面源污染的公共政策工具,其补偿标准将决定政策内化外部效应的实际效果。以南京市溧水区水稻种植户为对象,综合运用成本收益法、能值分析法和双边界二分式CVM法,测定基于政府和农户双重视角下的稻田...农田生态补偿作为一种控制化肥用量与面源污染的公共政策工具,其补偿标准将决定政策内化外部效应的实际效果。以南京市溧水区水稻种植户为对象,综合运用成本收益法、能值分析法和双边界二分式CVM法,测定基于政府和农户双重视角下的稻田化肥减施生态补偿标准。研究结果表明:化肥污染环境成本量化视角下南京市水稻种植过程中的折纯化肥投入参考值为268.75 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1),相比2017年南京市的实际化肥用量312.48 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1)仍有约14%的下降空间;绝大多数种植户愿意在接受平均补偿标准为882.49元hm^(-2)a^(-1)的前提之下减少化肥投入至参考用量;受教育程度越高、家中务农人数越多、化肥投入成本越高的稻农更倾向于接受生态补偿,而种植面积较大的农户以及年长男性种植户对减施化肥持更谨慎的态度。研究结果为南京市农业面源污染防治和稻田生态补偿标准制定提供了一定的理论支撑,在实际补偿发放过程中,单一的补偿标准无法保障公平公正,需建立与作物种植类型、化肥减施成效相挂钩的分级生态补偿制度,从而激励农户尽可能减少化肥投入。展开更多
With the availability of distributed generation (DG), clusters that can autonomously manage their energy profile are emerging in the power grid. These autonomous clusters manage their load profiles by orchestrating th...With the availability of distributed generation (DG), clusters that can autonomously manage their energy profile are emerging in the power grid. These autonomous clusters manage their load profiles by orchestrating their energy resources, such as DG, storage, flexible energy consuming appliances, etc. The performance of such an autonomous cluster depends on the composition of its energy resources. In this paper, we study how the performance of a cluster is affected by adding energy resources such as generating units, storage systems or consuming appliances. First, we characterize the energy resources by parameters that describe their relevant properties. Afterwards, we describe a comprehensive set of performance indicators of a cluster that capture the economical, environmental, and social aspects. We present a model that shows how the energy resources influence the performance indicators of the cluster. We have tested our model with a case study, revealing its effectiveness to evaluate the value added by an energy resource to a cluster.展开更多
The striking vastness of the world’s largest surface freshwater resource, the Laurentian Great Lakes, has generated the fallacy that they are not highly vulnerable to climate change. This fallacy has created a great ...The striking vastness of the world’s largest surface freshwater resource, the Laurentian Great Lakes, has generated the fallacy that they are not highly vulnerable to climate change. This fallacy has created a great lapse in our research and understanding of the effects of climate change on the Great Lakes, which are approaching critical environmental thresholds and jeopardizing ecosystem services. This article takes the novel approach of correcting the disconnect between the perception of vastness and the reality of vulnerability to climate change in the Great Lakes, and takes an additional novel step to link the water risks with the economic risks. The primary purpose is to demonstrate the interdependence of the freshwater ecosystem services affected by climate change with the economies that are highly dependent on those freshwater services in the Great Lakes region. Although many believe that environmental science or ethical arguments should be sufficient to warrant action on climate change, evidence shows that policy-makers are not compelled to generate advances unless there are strong economic components. This article highlights the leading edge of climate science for the Great Lakes, having conducted 32 in depth interviews with experts in microbiology, ecology, and limnology, among others, but it also adds substantively to previous work by providing economic evidence of water risks in the agricultural sector and energy sector, which constitute over $6 trillion in value and jobs that are specifically dependent on lakes waters. The article concludes by articulating three specific conclusions: the economic viability of the agricultural sector and the energy sector are jeopardized by loss of federal funding for climate change adaptation in the water sector;the existing policies such as between sectors such as the Farm Bill and Energy Future Bill are mal-aligned and should be aligned with the water sector;and negative environmental externalities including factors that exacerbate climate change should be incorp展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (No.2022YFB2405600)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52277092).
文摘In power grids,the frequency is increasing of extreme accidents which have a low probability but high risk such as natural disasters and deliberate attacks.This has sparked discussions on the resilience of power grids.Energy-storage systems(ESSs)are critical for enhancing the resilience of power grids.ESSs,with their mechanism of flexible charging and discharging,adjust energy usage as needed during disasters,thereby mitigating the impact on the grid and enhancing security and resilience.This,in turn,ensures the power system’s stable operation.Currently,there is limited systematic research quantifying the economic value of energy storage in resilience scenarios.Therefore,a model and methodology were proposed to quantify the value of energy storage systems for enhancing grid resilience during extreme events.A two-stage stochastic optimization mathematical model was developed.The first stage involves pre-deployment based on day-ahead expectations,and the second stage involves simulating potential failure scenarios through real-time scheduling.Considering the temporal dimension,the energy storage systems with flexible regulation capabilities was used as emergency power sources to reduce occurrences of load-shedding.Here,a novel index was proposed that quantifies the resilience value of energy storage as the economic value of energy storage per unit of capacity,as reflected in the emergency dispatch model.This index helps determine the balance between the energy storage investment cost and resilience value.Finally,an IEEE-30 node transmission system was used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.The findings revealed a significant improvement in the resilience value,with a 23.49%increase observed when energy storage systems were implemented compared to the scenario without energy storage systems.The optimal capacity configurations for the flywheel,lithium-ion batteries,and pumped hydro storage were 10 MW,11 MW,and 12 MW,respectively,highlight their potential to maximize value in experim
文摘农田生态补偿作为一种控制化肥用量与面源污染的公共政策工具,其补偿标准将决定政策内化外部效应的实际效果。以南京市溧水区水稻种植户为对象,综合运用成本收益法、能值分析法和双边界二分式CVM法,测定基于政府和农户双重视角下的稻田化肥减施生态补偿标准。研究结果表明:化肥污染环境成本量化视角下南京市水稻种植过程中的折纯化肥投入参考值为268.75 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1),相比2017年南京市的实际化肥用量312.48 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1)仍有约14%的下降空间;绝大多数种植户愿意在接受平均补偿标准为882.49元hm^(-2)a^(-1)的前提之下减少化肥投入至参考用量;受教育程度越高、家中务农人数越多、化肥投入成本越高的稻农更倾向于接受生态补偿,而种植面积较大的农户以及年长男性种植户对减施化肥持更谨慎的态度。研究结果为南京市农业面源污染防治和稻田生态补偿标准制定提供了一定的理论支撑,在实际补偿发放过程中,单一的补偿标准无法保障公平公正,需建立与作物种植类型、化肥减施成效相挂钩的分级生态补偿制度,从而激励农户尽可能减少化肥投入。
文摘With the availability of distributed generation (DG), clusters that can autonomously manage their energy profile are emerging in the power grid. These autonomous clusters manage their load profiles by orchestrating their energy resources, such as DG, storage, flexible energy consuming appliances, etc. The performance of such an autonomous cluster depends on the composition of its energy resources. In this paper, we study how the performance of a cluster is affected by adding energy resources such as generating units, storage systems or consuming appliances. First, we characterize the energy resources by parameters that describe their relevant properties. Afterwards, we describe a comprehensive set of performance indicators of a cluster that capture the economical, environmental, and social aspects. We present a model that shows how the energy resources influence the performance indicators of the cluster. We have tested our model with a case study, revealing its effectiveness to evaluate the value added by an energy resource to a cluster.
文摘The striking vastness of the world’s largest surface freshwater resource, the Laurentian Great Lakes, has generated the fallacy that they are not highly vulnerable to climate change. This fallacy has created a great lapse in our research and understanding of the effects of climate change on the Great Lakes, which are approaching critical environmental thresholds and jeopardizing ecosystem services. This article takes the novel approach of correcting the disconnect between the perception of vastness and the reality of vulnerability to climate change in the Great Lakes, and takes an additional novel step to link the water risks with the economic risks. The primary purpose is to demonstrate the interdependence of the freshwater ecosystem services affected by climate change with the economies that are highly dependent on those freshwater services in the Great Lakes region. Although many believe that environmental science or ethical arguments should be sufficient to warrant action on climate change, evidence shows that policy-makers are not compelled to generate advances unless there are strong economic components. This article highlights the leading edge of climate science for the Great Lakes, having conducted 32 in depth interviews with experts in microbiology, ecology, and limnology, among others, but it also adds substantively to previous work by providing economic evidence of water risks in the agricultural sector and energy sector, which constitute over $6 trillion in value and jobs that are specifically dependent on lakes waters. The article concludes by articulating three specific conclusions: the economic viability of the agricultural sector and the energy sector are jeopardized by loss of federal funding for climate change adaptation in the water sector;the existing policies such as between sectors such as the Farm Bill and Energy Future Bill are mal-aligned and should be aligned with the water sector;and negative environmental externalities including factors that exacerbate climate change should be incorp
