Carbon dioxide is an important medium of the global carbon cycle,and has the dual properties of realizing the conversion of organic matter in the ecosystem and causing the greenhouse effect.The fixed or available carb...Carbon dioxide is an important medium of the global carbon cycle,and has the dual properties of realizing the conversion of organic matter in the ecosystem and causing the greenhouse effect.The fixed or available carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is defined as"gray carbon",while the carbon dioxide that cannot be fixed or used and remains in the atmosphere is called"black carbon".Carbon neutral is the consensus of human development,but its implementation still faces many challenges in politics,resources,technology,market,and energy structure,etc.It is proposed that carbon replacement,carbon emission reduction,carbon sequestration,and carbon cycle are the four main approaches to achieve carbon neutral,among which carbon replacement is the backbone.New energy has become the leading role of the third energy conversion and will dominate carbon neutral in the future.Nowadays,solar energy,wind energy,hydropower,nuclear energy and hydrogen energy are the main forces of new energy,helping the power sector to achieve low carbon emissions."Green hydrogen"is the reserve force of new energy,helping further reduce carbon emissions in industrial and transportation fields.Artificial carbon conversion technology is a bridge connecting new energy and fossil energy,effectively reducing the carbon emissions of fossil energy.It is predicted that the peak value of China’s carbon dioxide emissions will reach 110×10^(8) t in 2030.The study predicts that China’s carbon emissions will drop to 22×10^(8) t,33×10^(8) t and 44×10^(8) t,respectively,in 2060 according to three scenarios of high,medium,and low levels.To realize carbon neutral in China,seven implementation suggestions have been put forward to build a new"three small and one large"energy structure in China and promote the realization of China’s energy independence strategy.展开更多
文摘Carbon dioxide is an important medium of the global carbon cycle,and has the dual properties of realizing the conversion of organic matter in the ecosystem and causing the greenhouse effect.The fixed or available carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is defined as"gray carbon",while the carbon dioxide that cannot be fixed or used and remains in the atmosphere is called"black carbon".Carbon neutral is the consensus of human development,but its implementation still faces many challenges in politics,resources,technology,market,and energy structure,etc.It is proposed that carbon replacement,carbon emission reduction,carbon sequestration,and carbon cycle are the four main approaches to achieve carbon neutral,among which carbon replacement is the backbone.New energy has become the leading role of the third energy conversion and will dominate carbon neutral in the future.Nowadays,solar energy,wind energy,hydropower,nuclear energy and hydrogen energy are the main forces of new energy,helping the power sector to achieve low carbon emissions."Green hydrogen"is the reserve force of new energy,helping further reduce carbon emissions in industrial and transportation fields.Artificial carbon conversion technology is a bridge connecting new energy and fossil energy,effectively reducing the carbon emissions of fossil energy.It is predicted that the peak value of China’s carbon dioxide emissions will reach 110×10^(8) t in 2030.The study predicts that China’s carbon emissions will drop to 22×10^(8) t,33×10^(8) t and 44×10^(8) t,respectively,in 2060 according to three scenarios of high,medium,and low levels.To realize carbon neutral in China,seven implementation suggestions have been put forward to build a new"three small and one large"energy structure in China and promote the realization of China’s energy independence strategy.
文摘目的探讨术前口服能量合剂对全麻下择期行下肢关节置换手术患者安全性、舒适性的影响,为术前快速康复外科(ERAS)提供参考。方法选择择期全麻下行关节置换手术的患者51例,男24例,女27例,年龄18～65岁, BMI 18.9～23.6 kg/m^2,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。随机分为能量合剂组(EM组,n=16)、糖盐组(GN组,n=17)、空白组(N组,n=18)。EM组和GN组术前1 d 22:00后开始禁食,术前2 h EM组口服能量合剂(术能)5 ml/kg,GN组口服5%糖盐水5 ml/kg。N组术前1 d 22:00点开始禁食,午夜后开始禁水。记录三组患者手术当日晨7:00(饮用前)、饮用后1、2 h或同时段的胃窦残余容量面积(CSA)。评估三组饮用前、饮用后1 h、麻醉诱导前饥饿评分和口渴评分;EM组和GN组对口服饮料的口感评分。检测并记录患者术前1 d、入室时、术后2 h血糖(Glu)、电解质(Na^+、K^+、Ca^(2+))。记录术后恶心呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果饮用后1 h EM组和GN组CSA均明显大于N组(P<0.05);饮用前、饮用后2 h三组CSA差异无统计学意义。饮用后1 h和麻醉诱导前EM组和GN组饥饿评分和口渴评分明显低于N组(P<0.05),EM组口渴评分明显低于GN组(P<0.05)。EM组口感评分明显高于GN组(P<0.05)。与术前1d比较,入室时、术后2 h N组Glu明显升高(P<0.05),Na^+明显升高(P<0.05)。三组患者均未见术后恶心呕吐等不良反应。结论术前2 h口服能量合剂(术能)对择期全麻下行下肢关节置换手术患者是安全的,能明显缓解患者术前饥饿、口渴等不适感,且口感易被接受,能维持患者围术期血糖、电解质的稳定,更利于患者术后快速康复。
