To reveal the sediment transporting mechanism between the abandoned Huanghe River （Yellow River） Delta and radial sand ridges, “End Member” Model and grain size trend analysis have been employed to separate the “...To reveal the sediment transporting mechanism between the abandoned Huanghe River （Yellow River） Delta and radial sand ridges, “End Member” Model and grain size trend analysis have been employed to separate the “dynamic populations” in the surficial sediment particle spectra and to determine the possible sediment transporting pathway. The results reveal four “dynamic subpopulations”（EM1 to EM4） and two reverse sediment transporting directions： a northward transport tend from the radial sand ridges to mud patch, and a southward transport trend in deep water area outside the mud patch. Combined with the published hydrodynamic information, the transporting mechanism of dynamic populations has been discussed, and the main conclusion is that the transporting of finer subpopulations EM1 and EM2 is controlled by the “anticlockwise residual current circulation” forming during tidal cycle, which favor a northward transporting trend and the forming of mud patch on the north of radial sand ridges, while the transporting of coarser EM3 is mainly controlled by wind driven drift in winter, which favors a southward transporting direction.展开更多
The carbonate-free fraction of 20 surface sediments collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) was studied by grain size analysis and mineralogical analysis with X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),...The carbonate-free fraction of 20 surface sediments collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) was studied by grain size analysis and mineralogical analysis with X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The characteristics of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments were obtained, and related influential factors were discussed. The results show that the mean grain size of this fraction is in 1.96Φ–8.19Φ, with poorly sorting and unimodal, bimodal or irregular bimodal distribution patterns. Four grain size end members of the fraction are derived with the End Member Model method. The finest end member EM1 shows a significant contribution of terrigenous materials of the aeolian input and sediment carried by the bottom current. End member EM2 with medium size mainly reflects sediment of a siliceous bioclast origin. EM3 and EM4 are interpreted as representing the coarser volcanic materials related to bedrock weathering or volcanic activities. Multi-provenance is the dominant factor controlling the grain size pattern of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments in that area. In addition, sediment transport processes such as the bottom current and wind are the minor factors that influence the grain size distribution of the carbonate-free fraction sediments.展开更多
环境敏感因子是沉积环境演化研究中的重要参数,其提取方法有多种,不同方法在海湾内应用成果相对较少。文章根据山东半岛威海湾WH-05岩心(钻探深度18.2 m)高分辨率(2 cm)粒度分析结果,采用基本端元模拟算法(BasEMMA)、粒级—标准偏差法...环境敏感因子是沉积环境演化研究中的重要参数,其提取方法有多种,不同方法在海湾内应用成果相对较少。文章根据山东半岛威海湾WH-05岩心(钻探深度18.2 m)高分辨率(2 cm)粒度分析结果,采用基本端元模拟算法(BasEMMA)、粒级—标准偏差法和粒级旋转主成分分析法(V-PCA)提取了环境敏感因子,结合AMS14C数据,对不同方法提取的环境敏感因子进行了对比分析,探讨了其对季风强度变化的响应关系。结果表明:8.4 ka B.P.以来威海湾沉积物类型均为粉砂,粉砂含量为主、黏土含量次之、砂含量较少,以跳跃组分为主,悬浮组分次之。BasEMMA和粒级—标准偏差法提取的3个敏感粒级范围(2.6~11.0μm、31.3~63.4μm、256.9~500.0μm)总体一致,能较好地反映东亚季风长周期变化事件(8.4~6.5 ka B.P.东亚季风强度减弱;6.5 ka B.P.至今东亚季风强度增强);V-PCA提取的环境敏感因子,能较好地反映东亚季风短周期变化事件(如明清小冰期、西汉小冰期事件等)。以上三种方法提取的环境敏感因子指示了研究区气候变化,对研究区沉积环境具有较好的指示作用。展开更多
The impacts of hydrological processes on N loss is of great value to understand the N transport at catchment scale,which is far from clear. Rainfall, soil water, groundwater and stream water and their N concentrations...The impacts of hydrological processes on N loss is of great value to understand the N transport at catchment scale,which is far from clear. Rainfall, soil water, groundwater and stream water and their N concentrations were monitored from March 2017 to February 2018 in Sunjia agricultural catchment of the red soil critical zone. Objectives of this study were:(1) to determine the dynamics of N concentration of different waters and their N loads;(2) to assess their contributions to N load of streamflow in the paddy and upland mixed agricultural catchment. Our results showed that the N concentrations of soil water(4.8 mg L^(-1)) and groundwater(6.0 mg L^(-1)) were the highest, approximately 2 to 5 times higher than those of stream water(2.7 mg L^(-1)), rain water(1.7 mg L^(-1)) and irrigation water(1.2 mg L^(-1)). The N net loss of the catchment(38.2 kg ha^(-1) yr^(-1))accounted for 15% of the total fertilizer N input. Rainy season(April–June) was a high-risk period of N loss, contributing to more than one third of the total annual loss amount. Using end-member mixing analysis model(EMMA), we found groundwater(whose discharge accounted for 25% of the catchment streamflow) was an important source for the N loss in the agricultural catchment. Even in this catchment with coexisting upland and paddy field ecosystems, identified end-members could be used to predict the N load well(R^2>0.87, p<0.001). These results can deepen our understanding of the relationship between hydrological process and N transport in the red soil critical zone and are also helpful to improve the water and fertilizer management in subtropical agricultural catchment.展开更多
文摘To reveal the sediment transporting mechanism between the abandoned Huanghe River （Yellow River） Delta and radial sand ridges, “End Member” Model and grain size trend analysis have been employed to separate the “dynamic populations” in the surficial sediment particle spectra and to determine the possible sediment transporting pathway. The results reveal four “dynamic subpopulations”（EM1 to EM4） and two reverse sediment transporting directions： a northward transport tend from the radial sand ridges to mud patch, and a southward transport trend in deep water area outside the mud patch. Combined with the published hydrodynamic information, the transporting mechanism of dynamic populations has been discussed, and the main conclusion is that the transporting of finer subpopulations EM1 and EM2 is controlled by the “anticlockwise residual current circulation” forming during tidal cycle, which favor a northward transporting trend and the forming of mud patch on the north of radial sand ridges, while the transporting of coarser EM3 is mainly controlled by wind driven drift in winter, which favors a southward transporting direction.
基金China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development under contract No.DY125-11-R-04the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41676036
文摘The carbonate-free fraction of 20 surface sediments collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) was studied by grain size analysis and mineralogical analysis with X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The characteristics of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments were obtained, and related influential factors were discussed. The results show that the mean grain size of this fraction is in 1.96Φ–8.19Φ, with poorly sorting and unimodal, bimodal or irregular bimodal distribution patterns. Four grain size end members of the fraction are derived with the End Member Model method. The finest end member EM1 shows a significant contribution of terrigenous materials of the aeolian input and sediment carried by the bottom current. End member EM2 with medium size mainly reflects sediment of a siliceous bioclast origin. EM3 and EM4 are interpreted as representing the coarser volcanic materials related to bedrock weathering or volcanic activities. Multi-provenance is the dominant factor controlling the grain size pattern of the carbonate-free fraction of the sediments in that area. In addition, sediment transport processes such as the bottom current and wind are the minor factors that influence the grain size distribution of the carbonate-free fraction sediments.
文摘环境敏感因子是沉积环境演化研究中的重要参数,其提取方法有多种,不同方法在海湾内应用成果相对较少。文章根据山东半岛威海湾WH-05岩心(钻探深度18.2 m)高分辨率(2 cm)粒度分析结果,采用基本端元模拟算法(BasEMMA)、粒级—标准偏差法和粒级旋转主成分分析法(V-PCA)提取了环境敏感因子,结合AMS14C数据,对不同方法提取的环境敏感因子进行了对比分析,探讨了其对季风强度变化的响应关系。结果表明:8.4 ka B.P.以来威海湾沉积物类型均为粉砂,粉砂含量为主、黏土含量次之、砂含量较少,以跳跃组分为主,悬浮组分次之。BasEMMA和粒级—标准偏差法提取的3个敏感粒级范围(2.6~11.0μm、31.3~63.4μm、256.9~500.0μm)总体一致,能较好地反映东亚季风长周期变化事件(8.4~6.5 ka B.P.东亚季风强度减弱;6.5 ka B.P.至今东亚季风强度增强);V-PCA提取的环境敏感因子,能较好地反映东亚季风短周期变化事件(如明清小冰期、西汉小冰期事件等)。以上三种方法提取的环境敏感因子指示了研究区气候变化,对研究区沉积环境具有较好的指示作用。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41571130053 & 41771263)the Frontier Program of the Institute of Soil Science (Grant No. ISSASIP1648)
文摘The impacts of hydrological processes on N loss is of great value to understand the N transport at catchment scale,which is far from clear. Rainfall, soil water, groundwater and stream water and their N concentrations were monitored from March 2017 to February 2018 in Sunjia agricultural catchment of the red soil critical zone. Objectives of this study were:(1) to determine the dynamics of N concentration of different waters and their N loads;(2) to assess their contributions to N load of streamflow in the paddy and upland mixed agricultural catchment. Our results showed that the N concentrations of soil water(4.8 mg L^(-1)) and groundwater(6.0 mg L^(-1)) were the highest, approximately 2 to 5 times higher than those of stream water(2.7 mg L^(-1)), rain water(1.7 mg L^(-1)) and irrigation water(1.2 mg L^(-1)). The N net loss of the catchment(38.2 kg ha^(-1) yr^(-1))accounted for 15% of the total fertilizer N input. Rainy season(April–June) was a high-risk period of N loss, contributing to more than one third of the total annual loss amount. Using end-member mixing analysis model(EMMA), we found groundwater(whose discharge accounted for 25% of the catchment streamflow) was an important source for the N loss in the agricultural catchment. Even in this catchment with coexisting upland and paddy field ecosystems, identified end-members could be used to predict the N load well(R^2>0.87, p<0.001). These results can deepen our understanding of the relationship between hydrological process and N transport in the red soil critical zone and are also helpful to improve the water and fertilizer management in subtropical agricultural catchment.
