With the urban expansion and economic restructuring, the jobs-housing relationship has become an important issue in studies on urban spatial structure. This paper employed a job accessibility model, which is an evalua...With the urban expansion and economic restructuring, the jobs-housing relationship has become an important issue in studies on urban spatial structure. This paper employed a job accessibility model, which is an evaluation instrument to measure the jobs-housing relationship in Beijing Metropolitan Area from a job accessibility perspective. The results indicate that the population in the central city is declining, whereas the population in the suburbs is consistently growing and forming new population centers. However, the distribution pattern of employment is still highly centralized. Job accessibility varies in different locations, but the inner-city areas(within the Third Ring road) have seen improved job accessibility over time while job accessibility in the suburbs(especially outside the Fourth Ring road) has decreased, and this has led it to become a primary area of residential and employment mismatch. At the same time, the new towns in the outer suburbs have not yet demonstrated great potential to attract more jobs. In addition we find that, to some extent, urban planning changes the jobs-housing relationship, but a polycentric urban spatial structure is not yet evident. The floating population and related housing policy also affect the jobs-housing relationship. We propose some measures to resolve the spatial mismatch as well as some future research directions.展开更多
目的了解中国农村自雇中老年人抑郁现状及其影响因素,为改善中国中老年人抑郁状况及制定相关预防措施提供科学依据。方法利用2018年中国养老与健康追踪调查数据,应用10项流调中心抑郁水平评定量表(the Center for Epidemiological Studi...目的了解中国农村自雇中老年人抑郁现状及其影响因素,为改善中国中老年人抑郁状况及制定相关预防措施提供科学依据。方法利用2018年中国养老与健康追踪调查数据,应用10项流调中心抑郁水平评定量表(the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale,CES-D),分析≥45岁中国农村自雇中老年人的抑郁状况及影响因素。结果中国农村自雇中老年人抑郁症状发生率为37.53%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高年龄75岁以上(OR=1.542,95%CI:1.117~2.129)会增加农村自雇中老年人抑郁症状发生的风险(P<0.05),文化程度小学及以下(OR=0.836,95%CI:0.702~0.996)、文化程度高中及以上(OR=0.727,95%CI:0.543~0.975)、健康自评状况一般(OR=0.836,95%CI:0.712~0.981)、健康自评状况好(OR=0.802,95%CI:0.666~0.965)等因素有助于减少中国农村自雇中老年人抑郁症状的发生(P<0.05)。结论年龄、文化程度、自评健康状况等因素对中国农村自雇中老年人抑郁的发生均有影响,应采取综合措施进行干预以有效预防中老年人抑郁的发生。展开更多
为探索残障人士在旅游景区就业的可能性,应用刻板印象研究中的BIAS Map(Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map)模型,基于对多个景区游客的问卷调查,运用方差分析和线性回归,剖析游客对旅游景区残障员工的态度及群际接...为探索残障人士在旅游景区就业的可能性,应用刻板印象研究中的BIAS Map(Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map)模型,基于对多个景区游客的问卷调查,运用方差分析和线性回归,剖析游客对旅游景区残障员工的态度及群际接触因素对游客态度的影响。研究表明,从游客态度角度看,残障人士在旅游景区工作有其可能性。其原因是:游客对旅游景区雇佣的残障员工总体上持高热情、低能力的刻板印象,会唤醒游客对残障员工的钦佩情绪及采取被动助长残障员工的行为;在排除人口统计特征的影响下,接受过残障人士的服务、与残障人士高频率接触会显著唤醒游客对残障员工的积极情绪。建议强化地方政府在促进残障人士就业过程中的主导作用,倡导景区雇佣残障人士,重视“全国助残日”等节日契机,促进公众与残障群体多方式、高频率的接触,从而减少社会偏见,构建和谐社会。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271132)
文摘With the urban expansion and economic restructuring, the jobs-housing relationship has become an important issue in studies on urban spatial structure. This paper employed a job accessibility model, which is an evaluation instrument to measure the jobs-housing relationship in Beijing Metropolitan Area from a job accessibility perspective. The results indicate that the population in the central city is declining, whereas the population in the suburbs is consistently growing and forming new population centers. However, the distribution pattern of employment is still highly centralized. Job accessibility varies in different locations, but the inner-city areas(within the Third Ring road) have seen improved job accessibility over time while job accessibility in the suburbs(especially outside the Fourth Ring road) has decreased, and this has led it to become a primary area of residential and employment mismatch. At the same time, the new towns in the outer suburbs have not yet demonstrated great potential to attract more jobs. In addition we find that, to some extent, urban planning changes the jobs-housing relationship, but a polycentric urban spatial structure is not yet evident. The floating population and related housing policy also affect the jobs-housing relationship. We propose some measures to resolve the spatial mismatch as well as some future research directions.
文摘目的了解中国农村自雇中老年人抑郁现状及其影响因素,为改善中国中老年人抑郁状况及制定相关预防措施提供科学依据。方法利用2018年中国养老与健康追踪调查数据,应用10项流调中心抑郁水平评定量表(the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale,CES-D),分析≥45岁中国农村自雇中老年人的抑郁状况及影响因素。结果中国农村自雇中老年人抑郁症状发生率为37.53%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高年龄75岁以上(OR=1.542,95%CI:1.117~2.129)会增加农村自雇中老年人抑郁症状发生的风险(P<0.05),文化程度小学及以下(OR=0.836,95%CI:0.702~0.996)、文化程度高中及以上(OR=0.727,95%CI:0.543~0.975)、健康自评状况一般(OR=0.836,95%CI:0.712~0.981)、健康自评状况好(OR=0.802,95%CI:0.666~0.965)等因素有助于减少中国农村自雇中老年人抑郁症状的发生(P<0.05)。结论年龄、文化程度、自评健康状况等因素对中国农村自雇中老年人抑郁的发生均有影响,应采取综合措施进行干预以有效预防中老年人抑郁的发生。
文摘为探索残障人士在旅游景区就业的可能性,应用刻板印象研究中的BIAS Map(Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map)模型,基于对多个景区游客的问卷调查,运用方差分析和线性回归,剖析游客对旅游景区残障员工的态度及群际接触因素对游客态度的影响。研究表明,从游客态度角度看,残障人士在旅游景区工作有其可能性。其原因是:游客对旅游景区雇佣的残障员工总体上持高热情、低能力的刻板印象,会唤醒游客对残障员工的钦佩情绪及采取被动助长残障员工的行为;在排除人口统计特征的影响下,接受过残障人士的服务、与残障人士高频率接触会显著唤醒游客对残障员工的积极情绪。建议强化地方政府在促进残障人士就业过程中的主导作用,倡导景区雇佣残障人士,重视“全国助残日”等节日契机,促进公众与残障群体多方式、高频率的接触,从而减少社会偏见,构建和谐社会。
