[Objective] The research aimed to reduce emission load of the farmland runoff by using ecological ditches and pond. [Method] N and P intercepting project construction of the ecological ditches and pond in Zhaiji Villa...[Objective] The research aimed to reduce emission load of the farmland runoff by using ecological ditches and pond. [Method] N and P intercepting project construction of the ecological ditches and pond in Zhaiji Village, Xiangcheng District, Suzhou City as research object, by repairing 1 834 m3 of original drainage ditches, newly excavating 6 800 m2 of ecological main ditches and 6 000 m2 of artificial purification ecological pond, etc., runoff emission load in real control area of the project was counted. [Result] Annual net loads of the runoff emission for TN and TP were respectively 2 552.22 and 95.00 kg in 33.3 hm2 of farmland. Annual runoff intercepting loads of TN and TP were respectively 1 225.07 and 50.35 kg in ditches. Annual runoff intercepting loads of TN and TP were respectively 1 327.15 and 44.65 kg in ecological pond. In effluent, TN concentration was 6.32 mg/L and was smaller than 15 mg/L. TP concentration was 0.25 mg/L and was smaller than 0.5 mg/L. They both reached level-one A discharge standard. [Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for effective control of the agricultural non-point source pollution in Taihu Lake basin.展开更多
针对考虑排放控制区(Emission Control Area, ECA)和多时间窗的班轮加油与货运收益优化问题,通过分析ECA内/外航路班轮燃油切换对燃油消耗的影响,结合各港口油价、各起讫港口对货运需求量及运费率差异,以班轮运输航次收益最大化为目标,...针对考虑排放控制区(Emission Control Area, ECA)和多时间窗的班轮加油与货运收益优化问题,通过分析ECA内/外航路班轮燃油切换对燃油消耗的影响,结合各港口油价、各起讫港口对货运需求量及运费率差异,以班轮运输航次收益最大化为目标,构建了混合整数非线性规划模型,并设计了分段线性割线逼近求解算法。以中国远洋海运集团有限公司的MEX航线为例,验证了模型和算法的适用性和有效性,算例结果显示,在考虑ECA和多时间窗的情况下,加油与货物装运联合优化可使班轮航次收益提高4.21%。研究表明:班轮公司与港口签署多时间窗合作协议,以及配置燃油消耗系数更小的新型班轮,不仅有利于班轮公司灵活地调整班轮航速和到/离港时间,且能够有效地降低燃油消耗,提高班轮航次货运收益。研究结论可为班轮公司制订ECA规则下的班轮运营决策提供有益的参考。展开更多
为探究船舶排放控制区(Emission Control Areas,ECA)扩大和碳税政策变动给东南亚航线上散货船运营带来的影响。在传统不定期船舶调度研究的基础上,考虑可变航速和多燃油舱改建因素,构建以满足排放限制要求为前提的混合整数规划模型。结...为探究船舶排放控制区(Emission Control Areas,ECA)扩大和碳税政策变动给东南亚航线上散货船运营带来的影响。在传统不定期船舶调度研究的基础上,考虑可变航速和多燃油舱改建因素,构建以满足排放限制要求为前提的混合整数规划模型。结果表明:一系列排放控制政策的落实造成承运商利润和抗油价波动能力的下降,而且船舶被迫在ECA区域以外提高船速,造成航线上碳排放总量的上升。展开更多
基金Supported by Provincial Special Fund,Comprehensive Treatment of the Water Environment(Phase V)in Taihu Lake,China[xiangfagaitou(2011)27]
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to reduce emission load of the farmland runoff by using ecological ditches and pond. [Method] N and P intercepting project construction of the ecological ditches and pond in Zhaiji Village, Xiangcheng District, Suzhou City as research object, by repairing 1 834 m3 of original drainage ditches, newly excavating 6 800 m2 of ecological main ditches and 6 000 m2 of artificial purification ecological pond, etc., runoff emission load in real control area of the project was counted. [Result] Annual net loads of the runoff emission for TN and TP were respectively 2 552.22 and 95.00 kg in 33.3 hm2 of farmland. Annual runoff intercepting loads of TN and TP were respectively 1 225.07 and 50.35 kg in ditches. Annual runoff intercepting loads of TN and TP were respectively 1 327.15 and 44.65 kg in ecological pond. In effluent, TN concentration was 6.32 mg/L and was smaller than 15 mg/L. TP concentration was 0.25 mg/L and was smaller than 0.5 mg/L. They both reached level-one A discharge standard. [Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for effective control of the agricultural non-point source pollution in Taihu Lake basin.
文摘针对考虑排放控制区(Emission Control Area, ECA)和多时间窗的班轮加油与货运收益优化问题,通过分析ECA内/外航路班轮燃油切换对燃油消耗的影响,结合各港口油价、各起讫港口对货运需求量及运费率差异,以班轮运输航次收益最大化为目标,构建了混合整数非线性规划模型,并设计了分段线性割线逼近求解算法。以中国远洋海运集团有限公司的MEX航线为例,验证了模型和算法的适用性和有效性,算例结果显示,在考虑ECA和多时间窗的情况下,加油与货物装运联合优化可使班轮航次收益提高4.21%。研究表明:班轮公司与港口签署多时间窗合作协议,以及配置燃油消耗系数更小的新型班轮,不仅有利于班轮公司灵活地调整班轮航速和到/离港时间,且能够有效地降低燃油消耗,提高班轮航次货运收益。研究结论可为班轮公司制订ECA规则下的班轮运营决策提供有益的参考。
文摘为探究船舶排放控制区(Emission Control Areas,ECA)扩大和碳税政策变动给东南亚航线上散货船运营带来的影响。在传统不定期船舶调度研究的基础上,考虑可变航速和多燃油舱改建因素,构建以满足排放限制要求为前提的混合整数规划模型。结果表明:一系列排放控制政策的落实造成承运商利润和抗油价波动能力的下降,而且船舶被迫在ECA区域以外提高船速,造成航线上碳排放总量的上升。
