Nonaromatic amino acids are generally believed to be nonemissive, owing to their lack of apparently remarkable conjugation within individual molecules. Here we report the intrinsic visible emission of nonaromatic amin...Nonaromatic amino acids are generally believed to be nonemissive, owing to their lack of apparently remarkable conjugation within individual molecules. Here we report the intrinsic visible emission of nonaromatic amino acids and poly(amino acids) in concentrated solutions and solid powders. This unique and widespread luminescent characteristic can be well rationalized by the clustering-triggered emission(CTE) mechanism, namely the clustering of nonconventional chromophores(i.e. amino, carbonyl,and hydroxyl) and subsequent electron cloud overlap with simultaneous conformation rigidification. Such CTE mechanism is further supported by the single crystal structure analysis, from which 3 D through space electronic communications are uncovered.Besides prompt fluorescence, room temperature phosphorescence(RTP) is also detected from the solids. Moreover, persistent RTP is observed in the powders of exampled poly(amino acids) of ε-poly-L-lysine(.-PLL) after ceasing UV irradiation. These results not only illustrate the feasibility of employing the building blocks of nonaromatic amino acids in the exploration of new luminescent biomolecules, but also provide significant implications for the emissions of peptides and proteins at aggregated or crystalline states. Meanwhile, they may also shed lights on further understanding of autofluorescence from biological systems.展开更多
Information and communications technology has exponentially grown in recent years and has played a significant role in organizational development.The main purpose of this study was to collect the data needed for the i...Information and communications technology has exponentially grown in recent years and has played a significant role in organizational development.The main purpose of this study was to collect the data needed for the introduction of a new tool for assessing e-readiness in the Agricultural Organization of Guilan Province,Iran.The study population includes agricultural organization experts and researchers who were familiar with the concepts of IT and the organization status.Based on the relevant literature review,the e-readiness indicators which had theoretically been proposed and practically used by researchers over the past 10 years were identified.Then some parameters were introduced for examination and prioritization.These indicators represented the spatial and temporal factors as well as the characteristics of the condition of the Agricultural Organization of Guilan Province.The proposed structural model included seven factors(Infrastructural,Human,Educational,Government,Management,Socio-cultural and Legal)and 44 indicators.After that,based on the experts’points of view,the coefficient of significance for each of the selected factors and indicators was measured using Minkowski fuzzy screening method.The results obtained from structured questionnaires show that all of the seven main factors and 40 indicators out of 44 indicators were appropriate for assessing electronic readiness and the final model of assessing e-readiness.Furthermore,the results indicated that the most important factor in assessing e-readiness is the human factor and then stand other factors such as educational,infrastructural,management,government,legal and socio-cultural.展开更多
E-tendering can be defined as the issue and receipt of tender documentation through electronic means which facilitates the procurement of construction work and the award of contracts. The current paper-based method of...E-tendering can be defined as the issue and receipt of tender documentation through electronic means which facilitates the procurement of construction work and the award of contracts. The current paper-based method of tendering has been commonplace within the industry for a significant number of years, but with recent technological advancements, this traditional process is rapidly becoming outdated. Several major projects within the UK are now being procured through the e-tendering process which includes the multibillion pound development for the Olympic Games in London 2012. However, while these prestigious projects are embracing e-tendering technology, it is not certain as to what extent e-tendering is used across the construction sector generally. This research is primarily concerned with establishing the current status, practicalities and resource effectiveness of e-tendering within UK construction. Results are provided from an in-dustry survey which includes both quantitative and qualitative data. A case study implementation is also in-cluded which assesses the utilisation of e-tendering software in practice. The research findings indicated that e-tendering can provide substantial resource savings to a major part of the supply chain, with the key benefits being enhanced communication, time savings and reduced costs. However, a considerable proportion of the industry remains uncertain about embracing new technologies, with reluctance to change being perceived as the greatest barrier. The findings suggest that many professionals within the UK construction industry recognise a requirement for increased implementation of e-tendering, but feel that training, education and support from senior management are essential requirements for e-tendering to become widely accepted in the future.展开更多
With the rapid development of electronic communication technology,various new technical elements are constantly added to it,bringing many changes to people’s lives and work.The traditional data diversion mode can no ...With the rapid development of electronic communication technology,various new technical elements are constantly added to it,bringing many changes to people’s lives and work.The traditional data diversion mode can no longer truly meet the needs of actual work,and the electronic communication mode plays a huge role and occupies an important position in the communication market.Regarding how to develop and apply intelligent electronic communication technology more perfectly,there will be an overview of the specific principle of intelligent electronic communication technology,from the multi-faceted impact of electronic communication technology on human society.The article put forward the future development trend of electronic communication technology based on intelligent networks,emphasized expanding the scale of technology coverage,improved the comprehensive quality of technical products,optimized the structure of the communication industry,and formed a perfect industrial chain,so as to improve the intelligent level of electronic communication technology.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51473092)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(15QA1402500)
文摘Nonaromatic amino acids are generally believed to be nonemissive, owing to their lack of apparently remarkable conjugation within individual molecules. Here we report the intrinsic visible emission of nonaromatic amino acids and poly(amino acids) in concentrated solutions and solid powders. This unique and widespread luminescent characteristic can be well rationalized by the clustering-triggered emission(CTE) mechanism, namely the clustering of nonconventional chromophores(i.e. amino, carbonyl,and hydroxyl) and subsequent electron cloud overlap with simultaneous conformation rigidification. Such CTE mechanism is further supported by the single crystal structure analysis, from which 3 D through space electronic communications are uncovered.Besides prompt fluorescence, room temperature phosphorescence(RTP) is also detected from the solids. Moreover, persistent RTP is observed in the powders of exampled poly(amino acids) of ε-poly-L-lysine(.-PLL) after ceasing UV irradiation. These results not only illustrate the feasibility of employing the building blocks of nonaromatic amino acids in the exploration of new luminescent biomolecules, but also provide significant implications for the emissions of peptides and proteins at aggregated or crystalline states. Meanwhile, they may also shed lights on further understanding of autofluorescence from biological systems.
文摘Information and communications technology has exponentially grown in recent years and has played a significant role in organizational development.The main purpose of this study was to collect the data needed for the introduction of a new tool for assessing e-readiness in the Agricultural Organization of Guilan Province,Iran.The study population includes agricultural organization experts and researchers who were familiar with the concepts of IT and the organization status.Based on the relevant literature review,the e-readiness indicators which had theoretically been proposed and practically used by researchers over the past 10 years were identified.Then some parameters were introduced for examination and prioritization.These indicators represented the spatial and temporal factors as well as the characteristics of the condition of the Agricultural Organization of Guilan Province.The proposed structural model included seven factors(Infrastructural,Human,Educational,Government,Management,Socio-cultural and Legal)and 44 indicators.After that,based on the experts’points of view,the coefficient of significance for each of the selected factors and indicators was measured using Minkowski fuzzy screening method.The results obtained from structured questionnaires show that all of the seven main factors and 40 indicators out of 44 indicators were appropriate for assessing electronic readiness and the final model of assessing e-readiness.Furthermore,the results indicated that the most important factor in assessing e-readiness is the human factor and then stand other factors such as educational,infrastructural,management,government,legal and socio-cultural.
文摘E-tendering can be defined as the issue and receipt of tender documentation through electronic means which facilitates the procurement of construction work and the award of contracts. The current paper-based method of tendering has been commonplace within the industry for a significant number of years, but with recent technological advancements, this traditional process is rapidly becoming outdated. Several major projects within the UK are now being procured through the e-tendering process which includes the multibillion pound development for the Olympic Games in London 2012. However, while these prestigious projects are embracing e-tendering technology, it is not certain as to what extent e-tendering is used across the construction sector generally. This research is primarily concerned with establishing the current status, practicalities and resource effectiveness of e-tendering within UK construction. Results are provided from an in-dustry survey which includes both quantitative and qualitative data. A case study implementation is also in-cluded which assesses the utilisation of e-tendering software in practice. The research findings indicated that e-tendering can provide substantial resource savings to a major part of the supply chain, with the key benefits being enhanced communication, time savings and reduced costs. However, a considerable proportion of the industry remains uncertain about embracing new technologies, with reluctance to change being perceived as the greatest barrier. The findings suggest that many professionals within the UK construction industry recognise a requirement for increased implementation of e-tendering, but feel that training, education and support from senior management are essential requirements for e-tendering to become widely accepted in the future.
文摘With the rapid development of electronic communication technology,various new technical elements are constantly added to it,bringing many changes to people’s lives and work.The traditional data diversion mode can no longer truly meet the needs of actual work,and the electronic communication mode plays a huge role and occupies an important position in the communication market.Regarding how to develop and apply intelligent electronic communication technology more perfectly,there will be an overview of the specific principle of intelligent electronic communication technology,from the multi-faceted impact of electronic communication technology on human society.The article put forward the future development trend of electronic communication technology based on intelligent networks,emphasized expanding the scale of technology coverage,improved the comprehensive quality of technical products,optimized the structure of the communication industry,and formed a perfect industrial chain,so as to improve the intelligent level of electronic communication technology.
