The application of electrified railway directly promotes relevant studies on pantograph-catenary interac- tion. With the increase of train running speed, the operating conditions for pantograph and catenary have becom...The application of electrified railway directly promotes relevant studies on pantograph-catenary interac- tion. With the increase of train running speed, the operating conditions for pantograph and catenary have become increasingly complex. This paper reviews the related achievements contributed by groups and institutions around the world. This article specifically focuses on three aspects： The dynamic characteristics of the panto- graph and catenary components, the systems＇ dynamic properties, and the environmental influences on the pantograph-catenary interaction. In accordance with the existing studies, future research may prioritize the task of identifying the mechanism of contact force variation. This kind of study can be carried out by simplifying the pantograph-catenary interaction into a moving load problem and utilizing the theory of matching mechanical impedance. In addition, developing a computational platform that accommodates environmental interferences and multi-field coupling effects is necessary in order to further explore applications based on fundamental studies.展开更多
Traction power systems(TPSs)play a vital role in the operation of electrified railways.The transformation of conventional railway TPSs to novel structures is not only a trend to promote the development of electrified ...Traction power systems(TPSs)play a vital role in the operation of electrified railways.The transformation of conventional railway TPSs to novel structures is not only a trend to promote the development of electrified railways toward high-efficiency and resilience but also an inevitable requirement to achieve carbon neutrality target.On the basis of sorting out the power supply structures of conventional AC and DC modes,this paper first reviews the characteristics of the existing TPSs,such as weak power supply flexibility and low-energy efficiency.Furthermore,the power supply structures of various TPSs for future electrified railways are described in detail,which satisfy longer distance,low-carbon,high-efficiency,high-reliability and high-quality power supply requirements.Meanwhile,the application prospects of different traction modes are discussed from both technical and economic aspects.Eventually,this paper introduces the research progress of mixed-system electrified railways and traction power supply technologies without catenary system,speculates on the future development trends and challenges of TPSs and predicts that TPSs will be based on the continuous power supply mode,employing power electronic equipment and intelligent information technology to construct a railway comprehensive energy system with renewable energy.展开更多
Removing high-risk and persistent contaminants from water is challenging,because they typically exist at low concentrations in complex water matrices.Electrified flow-through technologies are viable to overcome the li...Removing high-risk and persistent contaminants from water is challenging,because they typically exist at low concentrations in complex water matrices.Electrified flow-through technologies are viable to overcome the limitations induced by mass transport for efficient contaminant removal.Modifying the local environment of the flow-through electrodes offers opportunities to further improve the reaction kinetics and selectivity for achieving near-complete removal of these contaminants from water.Here,we present state-of-the-art local environment modification approaches that can be incorporated into electrified flow-through technologies to intensify water treatment.We first show methods of nanospace incorporation,local geometry adjustment,and microporous structure optimization that can induce spatial confinement,enhanced local electric field,and microperiodic vortex,respectively,for local environment modification.We then discuss why local environment modification can complement the flow-through electrodes for improving the reaction rate and selectivity.Finally,we outline appropriate scenarios of intensifying electrified flow-through technologies through local environment modification for fit-for-purpose water treatment applications.展开更多
Increasing railway traffic and energy utilization issues prompt electrified railway systems to be more economical,efficient and sustainable.As regenerative braking energy in railway systems has huge potential for opti...Increasing railway traffic and energy utilization issues prompt electrified railway systems to be more economical,efficient and sustainable.As regenerative braking energy in railway systems has huge potential for optimized utilization,a lot of research has been focusing on how to use the energy efficiently and gain sustainable benefits.The energy storage system is an alternative because it not only deals with regenerative braking energy but also smooths drastic fluctuation of load power profile and optimizes energy management.In this work,we propose a co-phase traction power supply system with super capacitor(CSS_SC)for the purpose of realizing the function of energy management and power quality management in electrified railways.Besides,the coordinated control strategy is presented to match four working modes,including traction,regenerative braking,peak shaving and valley filling.A corresponding simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of the proposed system under dynamic working conditions.The results demonstrate that CSS_SC is flexible to deal with four different working conditions and can realize energy saving within the allowable voltage unbalance of 0.008%in simulation in contrast to 1.3%of the standard limit.With such a control strategy,the performance of super capacitor is controlled to comply with efficiency and safety constraints.Finally,a case study demonstrates the improvement in power fluctuation with the valley-to-peak ratio reduced by 20.3%and the daily load factor increased by 17.9%.展开更多
The resting potential is the potential difference that exists between the inner and outer sides of the cell membrane when the cell is not stimulated.The resting membrane potential is a key regulator of phenomena such ...The resting potential is the potential difference that exists between the inner and outer sides of the cell membrane when the cell is not stimulated.The resting membrane potential is a key regulator of phenomena such as cell proliferation,morphogenesis,migration and differentiation.In this paper,we proposed a model of electrified cell clusters that considers the resting potential of cell clusters in the resting state.By measuring the potential difference between the inner and outer sides of biological tissues,it is verified that the cell cluster has a negative potential difference when taking the outer potential as the reference.In the absence of external conductors,the tissue is electrically neutral;while in the presence of external conductors,the positive net charges escape freely under repulsive forces and the biological tissues form a negative electrical equilibrium system.The model proposed in this study explored the potential situation above the cellular level in the resting state,providing a new perspective for the research on resting potential.展开更多
The cone-jet in electrohydrodynamic atomization has been widely applied into numerous industrial fields owing to micro-sized drops with narrow distribution and high charge.The electrified jet emits from a single capil...The cone-jet in electrohydrodynamic atomization has been widely applied into numerous industrial fields owing to micro-sized drops with narrow distribution and high charge.The electrified jet emits from a single capillary sheathed with quartz tube is visualized versus operating parameters and physical properties,and breakup instabilities are also discussed.The range of operating parameters for a steady conejet broadens,as well as the minimum flow rate.Taylor cone angle decreases with an increase in flow rate,while increases as electric potential increasing.The jet breakup length decreases with an increase in flow rate and conductivity,while increases as electric potential increasing.The diffusion angle increases as flow rate increasing,while decrease as electric potential and conductivity increasing.Much clearer whipping instabilities are observed with an increase in“electro-Weber”number and conductivity.The completion in disturbance or/and suppression from axial and radial stresses,drag force dominates the variation.Meanwhile,for a large flow rate,the transition from varicose instabilities to whipping instabilities is found.The whipping instabilities are clearly observed for high conductivity due to much more free ions in liquid.For much higher conductivity,an intermittent electrified jet appears and shows an umbrella plume,and breakup length sharply shortens.展开更多
In order to study atomization mechanism of a viscoelastic liquid sheet in an electric field, the spatial-temporal stability analysis of a viscoelastic liquid sheet injected into a dielectric station- ary ambient gas i...In order to study atomization mechanism of a viscoelastic liquid sheet in an electric field, the spatial-temporal stability analysis of a viscoelastic liquid sheet injected into a dielectric station- ary ambient gas in the presence of a vertical electric field is conducted. The dispersion relations of both sinuous and varicose disturbance modes are solved to explore the spatial-temporal instability of a charged viscoelastic sheet, by setting both the wave number and frequency complex. A para- metric study is performed to test the influence of the dimensionless parameters on the absolute instability of the sheet. The results show that the increase of liquid Weber number and time constant ratio, or decrease of gas to liquid density ratio and Reynolds number, can damp the absolute insta- bility. The effect of the liquid elasticity depends on the value of time constant ratio： when time con- stant ratio is small, the increase of liquid elasticity could amplify absolute growth rate, but the effect is weak when the elasticity number is relatively large; when time constant ratio is large, the increase of liquid elasticity cannot affect the absolute growth rate. Moreover, the variation of electrical Euler number can hardly influence the absolute instability of a charged viscoelastic sheet.展开更多
Electrified railway is an important but disturbing load in power system. In China railway electrification is gaining momentum at the end of this century.The Ministry of Railway has a clear indication that the developm...Electrified railway is an important but disturbing load in power system. In China railway electrification is gaining momentum at the end of this century.The Ministry of Railway has a clear indication that the development trend of railway transportation is the coexistence of internal-combustion engine locomotive and electrified locomotive. Meanwhile it will make strenuous efforts to develop the electrified railWay for the plain land, the main lines and the busy areas of transportation. It is obvious that the importance of electrified railway in railWay transpoftation will be enhanced more and more. It is going to be an important load to power systems all over China. But it is a disturbing load It gives serious harmonics pollution to power system if not properly maintained. This paper describes a new advanced method, fuzzy image recognition technique, to improve the adjustment during maintenance of the supply line so that good contact of the pantograph with the power line is ensured. This case also serves as an example to illustrate how the work on the demand side effectively improves the operation of the power system.展开更多
Purpose–The traction cable is paralleled with the existing traction network of electrified railway through transverse connecting line to form the scheme of long distance power supply for the traction network.This pap...Purpose–The traction cable is paralleled with the existing traction network of electrified railway through transverse connecting line to form the scheme of long distance power supply for the traction network.This paper aims to study the scheme composition and power supply distance(PSD)of the scheme.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the structure of parallel traction network(referred to as“cable traction network(CTN)”),the power supply modes(PSMs)are divided into cableþdirect PSM and cableþautotransformer(AT)PSM(including Japanese mode,French mode and new mode).Taking cableþJapanese AT PSM as an example,the scheme of long distance power supply for CTN under the PSMs of co-phase and out-of-phase power supply are designed.On the basis of establishing the equivalent circuit model and the chain circuit model of CTN,taking the train working voltage as the constraint condition,and based on the power flow calculation of multiple train loads,the calculation formula and process for determining the PSD of CTN are given.The impedance and PSD of CTN under the cableþAT PSM are simulated and analyzed,and a certain line is taken as an example to compare the scheme design.Findings–Results show that the equivalent impedance of CTN under the cableþAT PSM is smaller,and the PSD is about 2.5 times of that under the AT PSM,which can effectively increase the PSD and the flexibility of external power supply location.Originality/value–The research content can effectively improve the PSD of traction power supply system and has important reference value for the engineering application of the scheme.展开更多
Conventional maintenance mode for the traction power supply system(TPSS)is to perform scheduled regular maintenance activities for power supply equipment,while such maintenance mode may result in undue maintenance tas...Conventional maintenance mode for the traction power supply system(TPSS)is to perform scheduled regular maintenance activities for power supply equipment,while such maintenance mode may result in undue maintenance tasks and low efficiency due to different degradation processes of different sorts of equipment.To address this problem,this paper introduces a preventive opportunistic maintenance(POM)method for TPSS based on equipment reliability.Firstly,a POM model is established by considering the equipment reliability degradation process based on Weibull distribution.Then,by considering the total power outage time in the planned operation cycle of TPSS as the optimization objective,the optimal maintenance scheme of TPSS is formulated by iterative method of maintenance strategies.The proposed method is verified by introducing practical maintenance strategies and fault record data of the traction transformer,circuit breaker and disconnector in an actual TPSS of a railway administration.Results show that the presented method can make full use of the existing fault data to develop a POM scheme for TPSS.It can improve maintenance efficiency and reduce power outage time,providing guidance to formulate scientific maintenance strategies for TPSS.展开更多
With the continuous advancement and exploration of science and technology,the future trend of energy technology will be the deep integration of digitization,networking,intelligence with energy applications.The increas...With the continuous advancement and exploration of science and technology,the future trend of energy technology will be the deep integration of digitization,networking,intelligence with energy applications.The increasing maturity of digital technologies,such as the Internet of Things,big data,and cloud computing,has given rise to the creation and use of a potential technology–Digital Twin.Currently,research on Digital Twin has produced many concepts and outcomes that have been applied in many fields.In the energy sector,while some relevant ideas and case studies of Digital Twin have been generated,there are still many gaps to be explored.As a potential technology with advantages in many aspects,Digital Twin is bound to generate more promotion and applications in the energy fields.This paper systematically reviews the existing Digital Twin approaches and their possible applications in the energy fields.In addition,this paper attempts to analyze Digital Twin from different perspectives,such as definitions,classifications,main features,case studies and key technologies.Finally,the directions and challenges of possible future applications of Digital Twin in the energy fields have been presented.展开更多
This paper analyzes two types of power supply interference encountered in the observation of geomagnetic second data: the HVDC interference and the discharge interference of electrified railway. By taking the FGM flux...This paper analyzes two types of power supply interference encountered in the observation of geomagnetic second data: the HVDC interference and the discharge interference of electrified railway. By taking the FGM fluxgate magnetometer of Changli Seismic Station as the research object,we analyze interference characteristics and conduct intensive observational experiment of electrified railway interference.Finally,several conclusions are obtained:(1) HVDC interference is closely related to the changes in the current system of the interference source,such as current size,distance or orientation of the interference source. Although the characteristics of each change are not the same, the main changes are variable.(2) The discharge phenomenon caused by the contact of the pantograph system or other reasons during the operation of the electrified railway is a factor that may cause random small interference in the geomagnetic second data at Changli Seismic Station. This study explains similar phenomena discovered in previous years and meanwhile correct previous misjudgments including unstable working systems,unstable power supply,and occasional sudden jumps that are considered to be discrete.展开更多
基金Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the support provided by the National Key Research and Development Plan-Specific Project of Advanced Rail Transportation （Grant Nos. 2016YFB1200401-102B and 2016YFBI200506）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 51475391）, and the Project of Research and Development of Science and Technology from the China Railway Corporation （Grant No. 2017J008-L）.
文摘The application of electrified railway directly promotes relevant studies on pantograph-catenary interac- tion. With the increase of train running speed, the operating conditions for pantograph and catenary have become increasingly complex. This paper reviews the related achievements contributed by groups and institutions around the world. This article specifically focuses on three aspects： The dynamic characteristics of the panto- graph and catenary components, the systems＇ dynamic properties, and the environmental influences on the pantograph-catenary interaction. In accordance with the existing studies, future research may prioritize the task of identifying the mechanism of contact force variation. This kind of study can be carried out by simplifying the pantograph-catenary interaction into a moving load problem and utilizing the theory of matching mechanical impedance. In addition, developing a computational platform that accommodates environmental interferences and multi-field coupling effects is necessary in order to further explore applications based on fundamental studies.
基金supported in part by the Scientific Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientists of Sichuan under Grant No.2021JDJQ0032in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52107128in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province under Grant No.2022NSFSC0436.
文摘Traction power systems(TPSs)play a vital role in the operation of electrified railways.The transformation of conventional railway TPSs to novel structures is not only a trend to promote the development of electrified railways toward high-efficiency and resilience but also an inevitable requirement to achieve carbon neutrality target.On the basis of sorting out the power supply structures of conventional AC and DC modes,this paper first reviews the characteristics of the existing TPSs,such as weak power supply flexibility and low-energy efficiency.Furthermore,the power supply structures of various TPSs for future electrified railways are described in detail,which satisfy longer distance,low-carbon,high-efficiency,high-reliability and high-quality power supply requirements.Meanwhile,the application prospects of different traction modes are discussed from both technical and economic aspects.Eventually,this paper introduces the research progress of mixed-system electrified railways and traction power supply technologies without catenary system,speculates on the future development trends and challenges of TPSs and predicts that TPSs will be based on the continuous power supply mode,employing power electronic equipment and intelligent information technology to construct a railway comprehensive energy system with renewable energy.
文摘Removing high-risk and persistent contaminants from water is challenging,because they typically exist at low concentrations in complex water matrices.Electrified flow-through technologies are viable to overcome the limitations induced by mass transport for efficient contaminant removal.Modifying the local environment of the flow-through electrodes offers opportunities to further improve the reaction kinetics and selectivity for achieving near-complete removal of these contaminants from water.Here,we present state-of-the-art local environment modification approaches that can be incorporated into electrified flow-through technologies to intensify water treatment.We first show methods of nanospace incorporation,local geometry adjustment,and microporous structure optimization that can induce spatial confinement,enhanced local electric field,and microperiodic vortex,respectively,for local environment modification.We then discuss why local environment modification can complement the flow-through electrodes for improving the reaction rate and selectivity.Finally,we outline appropriate scenarios of intensifying electrified flow-through technologies through local environment modification for fit-for-purpose water treatment applications.
文摘Increasing railway traffic and energy utilization issues prompt electrified railway systems to be more economical,efficient and sustainable.As regenerative braking energy in railway systems has huge potential for optimized utilization,a lot of research has been focusing on how to use the energy efficiently and gain sustainable benefits.The energy storage system is an alternative because it not only deals with regenerative braking energy but also smooths drastic fluctuation of load power profile and optimizes energy management.In this work,we propose a co-phase traction power supply system with super capacitor(CSS_SC)for the purpose of realizing the function of energy management and power quality management in electrified railways.Besides,the coordinated control strategy is presented to match four working modes,including traction,regenerative braking,peak shaving and valley filling.A corresponding simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of the proposed system under dynamic working conditions.The results demonstrate that CSS_SC is flexible to deal with four different working conditions and can realize energy saving within the allowable voltage unbalance of 0.008%in simulation in contrast to 1.3%of the standard limit.With such a control strategy,the performance of super capacitor is controlled to comply with efficiency and safety constraints.Finally,a case study demonstrates the improvement in power fluctuation with the valley-to-peak ratio reduced by 20.3%and the daily load factor increased by 17.9%.
基金This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62271023)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7202102)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities.
文摘The resting potential is the potential difference that exists between the inner and outer sides of the cell membrane when the cell is not stimulated.The resting membrane potential is a key regulator of phenomena such as cell proliferation,morphogenesis,migration and differentiation.In this paper,we proposed a model of electrified cell clusters that considers the resting potential of cell clusters in the resting state.By measuring the potential difference between the inner and outer sides of biological tissues,it is verified that the cell cluster has a negative potential difference when taking the outer potential as the reference.In the absence of external conductors,the tissue is electrically neutral;while in the presence of external conductors,the positive net charges escape freely under repulsive forces and the biological tissues form a negative electrical equilibrium system.The model proposed in this study explored the potential situation above the cellular level in the resting state,providing a new perspective for the research on resting potential.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52076105)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20171301)。
文摘The cone-jet in electrohydrodynamic atomization has been widely applied into numerous industrial fields owing to micro-sized drops with narrow distribution and high charge.The electrified jet emits from a single capillary sheathed with quartz tube is visualized versus operating parameters and physical properties,and breakup instabilities are also discussed.The range of operating parameters for a steady conejet broadens,as well as the minimum flow rate.Taylor cone angle decreases with an increase in flow rate,while increases as electric potential increasing.The jet breakup length decreases with an increase in flow rate and conductivity,while increases as electric potential increasing.The diffusion angle increases as flow rate increasing,while decrease as electric potential and conductivity increasing.Much clearer whipping instabilities are observed with an increase in“electro-Weber”number and conductivity.The completion in disturbance or/and suppression from axial and radial stresses,drag force dominates the variation.Meanwhile,for a large flow rate,the transition from varicose instabilities to whipping instabilities is found.The whipping instabilities are clearly observed for high conductivity due to much more free ions in liquid.For much higher conductivity,an intermittent electrified jet appears and shows an umbrella plume,and breakup length sharply shortens.
基金The financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11302013)
文摘In order to study atomization mechanism of a viscoelastic liquid sheet in an electric field, the spatial-temporal stability analysis of a viscoelastic liquid sheet injected into a dielectric station- ary ambient gas in the presence of a vertical electric field is conducted. The dispersion relations of both sinuous and varicose disturbance modes are solved to explore the spatial-temporal instability of a charged viscoelastic sheet, by setting both the wave number and frequency complex. A para- metric study is performed to test the influence of the dimensionless parameters on the absolute instability of the sheet. The results show that the increase of liquid Weber number and time constant ratio, or decrease of gas to liquid density ratio and Reynolds number, can damp the absolute insta- bility. The effect of the liquid elasticity depends on the value of time constant ratio： when time con- stant ratio is small, the increase of liquid elasticity could amplify absolute growth rate, but the effect is weak when the elasticity number is relatively large; when time constant ratio is large, the increase of liquid elasticity cannot affect the absolute growth rate. Moreover, the variation of electrical Euler number can hardly influence the absolute instability of a charged viscoelastic sheet.
文摘Electrified railway is an important but disturbing load in power system. In China railway electrification is gaining momentum at the end of this century.The Ministry of Railway has a clear indication that the development trend of railway transportation is the coexistence of internal-combustion engine locomotive and electrified locomotive. Meanwhile it will make strenuous efforts to develop the electrified railWay for the plain land, the main lines and the busy areas of transportation. It is obvious that the importance of electrified railway in railWay transpoftation will be enhanced more and more. It is going to be an important load to power systems all over China. But it is a disturbing load It gives serious harmonics pollution to power system if not properly maintained. This paper describes a new advanced method, fuzzy image recognition technique, to improve the adjustment during maintenance of the supply line so that good contact of the pantograph with the power line is ensured. This case also serves as an example to illustrate how the work on the demand side effectively improves the operation of the power system.
基金funded by Youth Science Foundation Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(51607148)Science and Technology R&D Program of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.(SY2020G001)Project of Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YJ0028)。
文摘Purpose–The traction cable is paralleled with the existing traction network of electrified railway through transverse connecting line to form the scheme of long distance power supply for the traction network.This paper aims to study the scheme composition and power supply distance(PSD)of the scheme.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the structure of parallel traction network(referred to as“cable traction network(CTN)”),the power supply modes(PSMs)are divided into cableþdirect PSM and cableþautotransformer(AT)PSM(including Japanese mode,French mode and new mode).Taking cableþJapanese AT PSM as an example,the scheme of long distance power supply for CTN under the PSMs of co-phase and out-of-phase power supply are designed.On the basis of establishing the equivalent circuit model and the chain circuit model of CTN,taking the train working voltage as the constraint condition,and based on the power flow calculation of multiple train loads,the calculation formula and process for determining the PSD of CTN are given.The impedance and PSD of CTN under the cableþAT PSM are simulated and analyzed,and a certain line is taken as an example to compare the scheme design.Findings–Results show that the equivalent impedance of CTN under the cableþAT PSM is smaller,and the PSD is about 2.5 times of that under the AT PSM,which can effectively increase the PSD and the flexibility of external power supply location.Originality/value–The research content can effectively improve the PSD of traction power supply system and has important reference value for the engineering application of the scheme.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(51907166)the Science and Technology Project of CHINA RAILWAY under Grant(2017J001-F&N2018G023)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program under Grant(2018GZ0020).
文摘Conventional maintenance mode for the traction power supply system(TPSS)is to perform scheduled regular maintenance activities for power supply equipment,while such maintenance mode may result in undue maintenance tasks and low efficiency due to different degradation processes of different sorts of equipment.To address this problem,this paper introduces a preventive opportunistic maintenance(POM)method for TPSS based on equipment reliability.Firstly,a POM model is established by considering the equipment reliability degradation process based on Weibull distribution.Then,by considering the total power outage time in the planned operation cycle of TPSS as the optimization objective,the optimal maintenance scheme of TPSS is formulated by iterative method of maintenance strategies.The proposed method is verified by introducing practical maintenance strategies and fault record data of the traction transformer,circuit breaker and disconnector in an actual TPSS of a railway administration.Results show that the presented method can make full use of the existing fault data to develop a POM scheme for TPSS.It can improve maintenance efficiency and reduce power outage time,providing guidance to formulate scientific maintenance strategies for TPSS.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1712400).
文摘With the continuous advancement and exploration of science and technology,the future trend of energy technology will be the deep integration of digitization,networking,intelligence with energy applications.The increasing maturity of digital technologies,such as the Internet of Things,big data,and cloud computing,has given rise to the creation and use of a potential technology–Digital Twin.Currently,research on Digital Twin has produced many concepts and outcomes that have been applied in many fields.In the energy sector,while some relevant ideas and case studies of Digital Twin have been generated,there are still many gaps to be explored.As a potential technology with advantages in many aspects,Digital Twin is bound to generate more promotion and applications in the energy fields.This paper systematically reviews the existing Digital Twin approaches and their possible applications in the energy fields.In addition,this paper attempts to analyze Digital Twin from different perspectives,such as definitions,classifications,main features,case studies and key technologies.Finally,the directions and challenges of possible future applications of Digital Twin in the energy fields have been presented.
基金sponsored by the“Three-in-one Project”of China Earthquake Administration(163101)and the general project of Hebei Earthquake Agency。
文摘This paper analyzes two types of power supply interference encountered in the observation of geomagnetic second data: the HVDC interference and the discharge interference of electrified railway. By taking the FGM fluxgate magnetometer of Changli Seismic Station as the research object,we analyze interference characteristics and conduct intensive observational experiment of electrified railway interference.Finally,several conclusions are obtained:(1) HVDC interference is closely related to the changes in the current system of the interference source,such as current size,distance or orientation of the interference source. Although the characteristics of each change are not the same, the main changes are variable.(2) The discharge phenomenon caused by the contact of the pantograph system or other reasons during the operation of the electrified railway is a factor that may cause random small interference in the geomagnetic second data at Changli Seismic Station. This study explains similar phenomena discovered in previous years and meanwhile correct previous misjudgments including unstable working systems,unstable power supply,and occasional sudden jumps that are considered to be discrete.
