Solid biomass dominates as the primary source of cooking energy,especially in rural households of Nepal.The use of solid biomass has a detrimental effect on health,exacerbates the burden of biomass collection,and hamp...Solid biomass dominates as the primary source of cooking energy,especially in rural households of Nepal.The use of solid biomass has a detrimental effect on health,exacerbates the burden of biomass collection,and hampers access to clean energy.Understanding the factors influencing the choice of modern cooking fuels is crucial to improving energy security and resilience and easing the transition to clean fuels.This study evaluates technological choices for the transition in cooking energy from the perspective of experts working in the government,non-government,and academia sectors.A structured questionnaire survey was prepared with five criteria and nine cooking technology options.Fifty-one experts responded to the survey,and their responses were analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process.The study reveals that efficiency and capital cost are the primary criteria for selecting cooking technology.The most suitable clean cooking technology is an induction stove followed by a hot plate,while the least preferred technology is a Bayupankhi stove followed by two-pothole mud improved cooking stoves.To ensure the robustness of the method,sensitivity analysis was performed on the two primary criteria efficiency and capital cost of the cooking technology.The analysis revealed robust and consistent rankings of technologies.This study should help create a conducive environment for relevant stakeholders and policymakers to formulate and implement relevant policies and strategies to accelerate the cooking energy transition in Nepal.展开更多
针对双聚焦系统中的电分析器,利用CST Studio Suite进行了结构设计与电磁场仿真。主要工作包括理论计算、柱面结构电分析器设计、弥散电场优化与屏蔽、电-磁分析系统电磁场及粒子运动轨迹模拟。研究结果表明:接地极与绝缘垫片的安装能...针对双聚焦系统中的电分析器,利用CST Studio Suite进行了结构设计与电磁场仿真。主要工作包括理论计算、柱面结构电分析器设计、弥散电场优化与屏蔽、电-磁分析系统电磁场及粒子运动轨迹模拟。研究结果表明:接地极与绝缘垫片的安装能有效降低弥散场对粒子运动状态影响;束流聚焦点与理论计算相对偏差小于1%;在紧凑、易安装结构下,在电、磁分析系统束流引出口分别实现能量聚焦及速度聚焦,且放大系数小于1。展开更多
<p> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Under the Nigerian privatisation programme, the issues of risk allocation and mitigation were never always properly handled. Historically, there had always ...<p> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Under the Nigerian privatisation programme, the issues of risk allocation and mitigation were never always properly handled. Historically, there had always been a tendency to dump all the project risks on the private sector partner without properly evaluating whether it was capable of managing them. Extant literature has shown that where the comparative advantages of parties to handle risks are not properly taken into consideration, the allocation of risk is unbalanced and the tendency for the project to run into difficulties and/or fail increases. This paper looks at the electric power sector privatisation, distilling how key project risks were handled under the exercise. This should be a good pointer as to whether the privatisation exercise wo</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">u</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ld be a success in the long run.</span><span></span> </p>展开更多
基金University Faculty and Scientist Research Stay Program and e-REET Project funded by German Academic Exchange Program(DAAD),Germany。
文摘Solid biomass dominates as the primary source of cooking energy,especially in rural households of Nepal.The use of solid biomass has a detrimental effect on health,exacerbates the burden of biomass collection,and hampers access to clean energy.Understanding the factors influencing the choice of modern cooking fuels is crucial to improving energy security and resilience and easing the transition to clean fuels.This study evaluates technological choices for the transition in cooking energy from the perspective of experts working in the government,non-government,and academia sectors.A structured questionnaire survey was prepared with five criteria and nine cooking technology options.Fifty-one experts responded to the survey,and their responses were analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process.The study reveals that efficiency and capital cost are the primary criteria for selecting cooking technology.The most suitable clean cooking technology is an induction stove followed by a hot plate,while the least preferred technology is a Bayupankhi stove followed by two-pothole mud improved cooking stoves.To ensure the robustness of the method,sensitivity analysis was performed on the two primary criteria efficiency and capital cost of the cooking technology.The analysis revealed robust and consistent rankings of technologies.This study should help create a conducive environment for relevant stakeholders and policymakers to formulate and implement relevant policies and strategies to accelerate the cooking energy transition in Nepal.
文摘针对双聚焦系统中的电分析器,利用CST Studio Suite进行了结构设计与电磁场仿真。主要工作包括理论计算、柱面结构电分析器设计、弥散电场优化与屏蔽、电-磁分析系统电磁场及粒子运动轨迹模拟。研究结果表明:接地极与绝缘垫片的安装能有效降低弥散场对粒子运动状态影响;束流聚焦点与理论计算相对偏差小于1%;在紧凑、易安装结构下,在电、磁分析系统束流引出口分别实现能量聚焦及速度聚焦,且放大系数小于1。
文摘<p> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Under the Nigerian privatisation programme, the issues of risk allocation and mitigation were never always properly handled. Historically, there had always been a tendency to dump all the project risks on the private sector partner without properly evaluating whether it was capable of managing them. Extant literature has shown that where the comparative advantages of parties to handle risks are not properly taken into consideration, the allocation of risk is unbalanced and the tendency for the project to run into difficulties and/or fail increases. This paper looks at the electric power sector privatisation, distilling how key project risks were handled under the exercise. This should be a good pointer as to whether the privatisation exercise wo</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">u</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ld be a success in the long run.</span><span></span> </p>
