Although there is evident homology among reproductive organs when comparing Poaceae （grass） and eudicots, the identity of grass specific organs, such as lodicules, palea, lemma, and glumes has been the subject of a ...Although there is evident homology among reproductive organs when comparing Poaceae （grass） and eudicots, the identity of grass specific organs, such as lodicules, palea, lemma, and glumes has been the subject of a vast and largely inconclusive discussion. Here we provide some direct evidence to support the idea that the empty glumes of rice （Oryza sativa） are counterparts of lemmas. We show that the development of empty glumes is regulated by ELE （elongated empty glume）, which belongs to a plant specific novel gene family. Mutations at the ELE locus cause elongated empty glumes, which mimic the lemmas and have the epidermal morphology of lemmas with four or five vascular bundles. As a nuclear-localized gene, ELE is specifically expressed at the empty glumes of immature spikelets, and its ectopic expression causes many floral development defects, including lemma-like palea, extra palea-like structures, elongated lodicules, extra stamens and stigmas. Our result suggests that empty glumes are lemmas of the sterile florets located at the lateral side of the rice spikelet, and ELE acts as a regulator restraining its growth to maintain its small size in wild-type plants.展开更多
对现有大学英语作出或ELE(English for Liberal Education)或ESP(English for Specifi c Purposes)的定位转向并非革除大学英语时弊的关键。大学英语改革要取得成功,需在延续通用英语定位的前提下,重点关注造成大学英语种种弊端的真正...对现有大学英语作出或ELE(English for Liberal Education)或ESP(English for Specifi c Purposes)的定位转向并非革除大学英语时弊的关键。大学英语改革要取得成功,需在延续通用英语定位的前提下,重点关注造成大学英语种种弊端的真正原因——与中学英语雷同的课程结构与教学方法,并在此基础上进行有针对性的改变。展开更多
This article aims to localise aquifer and to estimate hydraulic parameters such as transmissivity and tranverse resistance in the Memve Ele dam site (26.35 km2) in South-Cameroon region, using audiomagnetotelluric (AM...This article aims to localise aquifer and to estimate hydraulic parameters such as transmissivity and tranverse resistance in the Memve Ele dam site (26.35 km2) in South-Cameroon region, using audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) method. For this purpose, resistivity data are collected at twenty-two measurement stations distributed along two perpendicular profiles in the study area. The sounding curves of phase and impedance are modelled and interpreted. The geological models and geoelectrical sections are also provided. The transverse resistivity and transmissivity field maps are plotted. The audiomagnetotellurics insights have been compared with boreholes. All these results allow us to localise the area which may be suitable to set up monitoring wells.展开更多
Follow ing the fram ew ork of the finite elem ent m ethods based on Riesz-representing operators developed by Duan Huoyuan in 1997,through discreteRieszrepresenting-operators on som e virtual(non-) conform ing finit...Follow ing the fram ew ork of the finite elem ent m ethods based on Riesz-representing operators developed by Duan Huoyuan in 1997,through discreteRieszrepresenting-operators on som e virtual(non-) conform ing finite-dim ensionalsubspaces,a stabilization form ulation is pre- sented for the Stokes problem by em ploying nonconform ing elem ents.This form ulation is uni- form ly coercive and notsubject to the Babus ka-Brezzicondition,and the resulted linear algebraic system is positive definitew ith the spectralcondition num berO(h- 2 ). Quasi-optim alerrorbounds are obtained,which is consistentwith the interpola- tion properties ofthe finite elem entsused.展开更多
According to news report published on January20,it has been learned from the"Notice on Publishing Name List of Electricity Direct Trading Pilot Users in 2015"published by the Shandong Province Commission of ...According to news report published on January20,it has been learned from the"Notice on Publishing Name List of Electricity Direct Trading Pilot Users in 2015"published by the Shandong Province Commission of Economy and Information Technology,the number of direct power purchase pilot enterprises in Shandong Province will double in 2015,the number of pilot enterprises will be展开更多
A set of four in-vessel saddle coils was designed to generate a helical field on the J- TEXT tokamak to study the influences of the external perturbation field on plasma. The coils are fed with alternating current up ...A set of four in-vessel saddle coils was designed to generate a helical field on the J- TEXT tokamak to study the influences of the external perturbation field on plasma. The coils are fed with alternating current up to 10 kA at frequency up to 10 kHz. Due to the special structure, complex thermal environment and limited space in the vacuum chamber, Jt is very important to make sure that the coils will not be damaged when undergoing the huge electromagnetic forces in the strong toroidal field, and that their temperatures don＇t rise too much and destroy the in- sulation. A 3D finite element model is developed in this paper using the ANSYS code, stresses are analyzed to find the worst condition, and a mounting method is then established. The results of the stress and modal analyses show that the mounting method meets the strength requirements. Finally, a thermal analysis is performed to study the cooling process and the temperature distribution of the coils.展开更多
The oxidation of elemental mercury （Hg~） by dielectric barrier discharge reactors was studied at room temperature, where concentric cylinder discharge reactor （CCDR） and surface discharge plasma reactor （SDPR） w...The oxidation of elemental mercury （Hg~） by dielectric barrier discharge reactors was studied at room temperature, where concentric cylinder discharge reactor （CCDR） and surface discharge plasma reactor （SDPR） were employed. The parameters （e.g. Hg^0 oxidation efficiency, energy constant, energy yield, energy consumption, and O3 concentration） were discussed. From comparison of the two reactors, higher Hg^0 oxidation efficiency and energy constant in the SDPR system were obtained by using lower specific energy density. At the same applied voltage, energy yield in the SDPR system was larger than that in the CCDR system, and energy consumption in the SDPR system was much less. Additionally, more 03 was generated in the SDPR system. The experimental results showed that 98% of Hg^0 oxidation efficiency, 0.6 J·L^-1 of energy constant, 13.7 μg·J^-1 of energy yield, 15.1 eV·molecule^-1 of energy consumption, and 12.7 μg·J^-1 of O3 concentration were achieved in the SDPR system. The study reveals an alternative and economical technology for Hg^0 oxidation in the coal-fired flue gas.展开更多
This paper focuses on considering the influential factors and fundamental principles in developing policy for English language education (ELE), involving the rationale of making language policy, analysis of factors fr...This paper focuses on considering the influential factors and fundamental principles in developing policy for English language education (ELE), involving the rationale of making language policy, analysis of factors from different perspectives including political, economic factors, English language teaching (ELT) context, facilities available and curriculum development. Suggested principles are subsequently given to be considered mainly with reference to the Chinese context by offering four essential principles which touch upon eight intimately-related parts in the ELE domain.展开更多
Impact dynamics of flexible solids is important in engineering practice. Obtaining its dynamic response is a challenging task and usually achieved by numerical methods. The objectives of the study are twofold. Firstly...Impact dynamics of flexible solids is important in engineering practice. Obtaining its dynamic response is a challenging task and usually achieved by numerical methods. The objectives of the study are twofold. Firstly, the discrete singular convolution （DSC） is used for the first time to analyze the impact dynamics. Secondly, the efficiency of various numerical methods for dynamic analysis is explored via an example of a flexible rod hit by a rigid ball. Three numerical methods, including the conventional finite element （FE） method, the DSC algorithm, and the spectral finite element （SFE） method, and one proposed modeling strategy, the improved spectral finite element （ISFE） method, are involved. Numerical results are compared with the known analytical solutions to show their efficiency. It is demonstrated that the proposed ISFE modeling strategy with a proper length of con- ventional FE yields the most accurate contact stress among the four investigated models. It is also found that the DSC algorithm is an alternative method for collision problems.展开更多
本文对独立学院英语教学改革进行了探讨。通过诠释大学英语教学中的三个基本概念——通用英语或基础英语GE(General English),通识教育英语ELE(English for Liberal Education)和专业英语ESP(English for Specific Purposes),提出独立...本文对独立学院英语教学改革进行了探讨。通过诠释大学英语教学中的三个基本概念——通用英语或基础英语GE(General English),通识教育英语ELE(English for Liberal Education)和专业英语ESP(English for Specific Purposes),提出独立学院在抓好基础英语教学的前提下应结合各专业的特点开展通识教育英语或专业英语,将英语知识和专业技能相结合,帮助学生提高英语的综合使用能力。展开更多
El presente trabajo se centra en una reflexion determinada sobre la ensenanza y aprendizaje de la conjugacion verbal en el campo del espanol como lengua extranjera(ELE).De caracter didactica,se trata del trata-miento ...El presente trabajo se centra en una reflexion determinada sobre la ensenanza y aprendizaje de la conjugacion verbal en el campo del espanol como lengua extranjera(ELE).De caracter didactica,se trata del trata-miento del orden didactico con una clasificacion de las metodologfas de ELE,desde lo tradicional hasta lo mas reci-ente,con el proposito de adoptar una que sea mas eficaz y adecuada para los alumnos.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China (No. 2008ZX08009-003 and 2009CB118500)the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (No. 30621001 and 30900885)
文摘Although there is evident homology among reproductive organs when comparing Poaceae （grass） and eudicots, the identity of grass specific organs, such as lodicules, palea, lemma, and glumes has been the subject of a vast and largely inconclusive discussion. Here we provide some direct evidence to support the idea that the empty glumes of rice （Oryza sativa） are counterparts of lemmas. We show that the development of empty glumes is regulated by ELE （elongated empty glume）, which belongs to a plant specific novel gene family. Mutations at the ELE locus cause elongated empty glumes, which mimic the lemmas and have the epidermal morphology of lemmas with four or five vascular bundles. As a nuclear-localized gene, ELE is specifically expressed at the empty glumes of immature spikelets, and its ectopic expression causes many floral development defects, including lemma-like palea, extra palea-like structures, elongated lodicules, extra stamens and stigmas. Our result suggests that empty glumes are lemmas of the sterile florets located at the lateral side of the rice spikelet, and ELE acts as a regulator restraining its growth to maintain its small size in wild-type plants.
文摘对现有大学英语作出或ELE(English for Liberal Education)或ESP(English for Specifi c Purposes)的定位转向并非革除大学英语时弊的关键。大学英语改革要取得成功,需在延续通用英语定位的前提下,重点关注造成大学英语种种弊端的真正原因——与中学英语雷同的课程结构与教学方法,并在此基础上进行有针对性的改变。
文摘This article aims to localise aquifer and to estimate hydraulic parameters such as transmissivity and tranverse resistance in the Memve Ele dam site (26.35 km2) in South-Cameroon region, using audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) method. For this purpose, resistivity data are collected at twenty-two measurement stations distributed along two perpendicular profiles in the study area. The sounding curves of phase and impedance are modelled and interpreted. The geological models and geoelectrical sections are also provided. The transverse resistivity and transmissivity field maps are plotted. The audiomagnetotellurics insights have been compared with boreholes. All these results allow us to localise the area which may be suitable to set up monitoring wells.
文摘Follow ing the fram ew ork of the finite elem ent m ethods based on Riesz-representing operators developed by Duan Huoyuan in 1997,through discreteRieszrepresenting-operators on som e virtual(non-) conform ing finite-dim ensionalsubspaces,a stabilization form ulation is pre- sented for the Stokes problem by em ploying nonconform ing elem ents.This form ulation is uni- form ly coercive and notsubject to the Babus ka-Brezzicondition,and the resulted linear algebraic system is positive definitew ith the spectralcondition num berO(h- 2 ). Quasi-optim alerrorbounds are obtained,which is consistentwith the interpola- tion properties ofthe finite elem entsused.
文摘According to news report published on January20,it has been learned from the"Notice on Publishing Name List of Electricity Direct Trading Pilot Users in 2015"published by the Shandong Province Commission of Economy and Information Technology,the number of direct power purchase pilot enterprises in Shandong Province will double in 2015,the number of pilot enterprises will be
基金supported by the ITER Project Funds of China (No.2010GB107004)National Natural Science Funds of China (No.50907029)
文摘A set of four in-vessel saddle coils was designed to generate a helical field on the J- TEXT tokamak to study the influences of the external perturbation field on plasma. The coils are fed with alternating current up to 10 kA at frequency up to 10 kHz. Due to the special structure, complex thermal environment and limited space in the vacuum chamber, Jt is very important to make sure that the coils will not be damaged when undergoing the huge electromagnetic forces in the strong toroidal field, and that their temperatures don＇t rise too much and destroy the in- sulation. A 3D finite element model is developed in this paper using the ANSYS code, stresses are analyzed to find the worst condition, and a mounting method is then established. The results of the stress and modal analyses show that the mounting method meets the strength requirements. Finally, a thermal analysis is performed to study the cooling process and the temperature distribution of the coils.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51177007)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2009AA064101-4)
文摘The oxidation of elemental mercury （Hg~） by dielectric barrier discharge reactors was studied at room temperature, where concentric cylinder discharge reactor （CCDR） and surface discharge plasma reactor （SDPR） were employed. The parameters （e.g. Hg^0 oxidation efficiency, energy constant, energy yield, energy consumption, and O3 concentration） were discussed. From comparison of the two reactors, higher Hg^0 oxidation efficiency and energy constant in the SDPR system were obtained by using lower specific energy density. At the same applied voltage, energy yield in the SDPR system was larger than that in the CCDR system, and energy consumption in the SDPR system was much less. Additionally, more 03 was generated in the SDPR system. The experimental results showed that 98% of Hg^0 oxidation efficiency, 0.6 J·L^-1 of energy constant, 13.7 μg·J^-1 of energy yield, 15.1 eV·molecule^-1 of energy consumption, and 12.7 μg·J^-1 of O3 concentration were achieved in the SDPR system. The study reveals an alternative and economical technology for Hg^0 oxidation in the coal-fired flue gas.
文摘This paper focuses on considering the influential factors and fundamental principles in developing policy for English language education (ELE), involving the rationale of making language policy, analysis of factors from different perspectives including political, economic factors, English language teaching (ELT) context, facilities available and curriculum development. Suggested principles are subsequently given to be considered mainly with reference to the Chinese context by offering four essential principles which touch upon eight intimately-related parts in the ELE domain.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50830201)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions~~
文摘Impact dynamics of flexible solids is important in engineering practice. Obtaining its dynamic response is a challenging task and usually achieved by numerical methods. The objectives of the study are twofold. Firstly, the discrete singular convolution （DSC） is used for the first time to analyze the impact dynamics. Secondly, the efficiency of various numerical methods for dynamic analysis is explored via an example of a flexible rod hit by a rigid ball. Three numerical methods, including the conventional finite element （FE） method, the DSC algorithm, and the spectral finite element （SFE） method, and one proposed modeling strategy, the improved spectral finite element （ISFE） method, are involved. Numerical results are compared with the known analytical solutions to show their efficiency. It is demonstrated that the proposed ISFE modeling strategy with a proper length of con- ventional FE yields the most accurate contact stress among the four investigated models. It is also found that the DSC algorithm is an alternative method for collision problems.
文摘本文对独立学院英语教学改革进行了探讨。通过诠释大学英语教学中的三个基本概念——通用英语或基础英语GE(General English),通识教育英语ELE(English for Liberal Education)和专业英语ESP(English for Specific Purposes),提出独立学院在抓好基础英语教学的前提下应结合各专业的特点开展通识教育英语或专业英语,将英语知识和专业技能相结合,帮助学生提高英语的综合使用能力。
文摘El presente trabajo se centra en una reflexion determinada sobre la ensenanza y aprendizaje de la conjugacion verbal en el campo del espanol como lengua extranjera(ELE).De caracter didactica,se trata del trata-miento del orden didactico con una clasificacion de las metodologfas de ELE,desde lo tradicional hasta lo mas reci-ente,con el proposito de adoptar una que sea mas eficaz y adecuada para los alumnos.
