The large-sized rammed-earth building foundations on the Panlongcheng site at Huangpi are remains of early Shang period palace complex. The No. 1 Panlongcheng palace consists of four rooms with wooden-framed walls. Th...The large-sized rammed-earth building foundations on the Panlongcheng site at Huangpi are remains of early Shang period palace complex. The No. 1 Panlongcheng palace consists of four rooms with wooden-framed walls. The two rooms in the middle each have two doors on the northern and southern sides respectively；while the two end rooms have only southern doors. So the No. 1 palace must have been in the center of the whole building complex. The roof supported by peripheral columns and wooden-framed walls can be reconstructed to be hipped and single- or double- eaved. The hypothesis that the No. 1 palace may have had projecting-eaves columns has not been confirmed. The No. 2 palace is an open hall without peripheral walls and room division； its roof is supported by peripheral columns only. The idea of reconstructing it as a building with pilasters and multiple rooms seems to lack archaeological evidence. The remaining vestiges show that there were side corridors in the two flanks of the main hall of the No. 2 palace. Referring to the Shang period palace material unearthed from the Shang city-site at Yanshi and other localities, it can be inferred that either of the Nos. 1 and 2 palaces must have had an eastern corridor and a western one, and, in addition, the No. 2 palace must have had a southern corridor with a gate house. The Nos. 1--3 palaces of the Panlongcheng site formed three compounds located one behind another, and belonged to the type of court-and-living building complex. Among them the No. 2 palace was the outer court for holding great ceremonies, the No. 1 palace was the inner court for handling daily administrative affairs, and the No. 3 palace was the king and queen's living place. To the southeast of the No. 2 palace remains a group of rammed-earth house-foundations, which must have been left over from another type of palace building, possibly an ancestral temple. The remaining city-walls at Panlongcheng must have belonged to the peripheral city-walls. The palace area is in the northeast of the encl展开更多
Women writers as an analytical category has since the late 1990s gained considerable traction in the studies of pre-modern Chinese literature, with translations, anthologies, and thematic explorations surfacing anew e...Women writers as an analytical category has since the late 1990s gained considerable traction in the studies of pre-modern Chinese literature, with translations, anthologies, and thematic explorations surfacing anew every few years in either monographs or edited volumes. Reference to feminist literary criticism as an analytical framework, however, is still a fairly recent development—that is, until Ronald Egan’s definitive work under review here on the most well-known female poet of the entire Chinese tradition, Li Qingzhao 李清照(1084-ca.1155). Not only is this 11-chapter, 422-page treatment of a single woman a first in English scholarship, Egan’s theoretical stance also marks a departure from earlier works that place their subject matters in a more native context. That alone makes The Burden of Female Talent a must read for all students of Chinese literature. Moreover, throughout the whole book Egan never allows theoretical discussion to overshadow his focused analyses of Li Qingzhao and the circumstances and challenges she faced as a woman writer, thus retaining the distinctive appeal of the book to the more traditional readership of Sinology. This is not to discount, however, Egan’s conversance with feminist criticism;in fact, his “substantial debt”(p.8) to it is very recognizable, since the underlying approaches are fully subsumable under much of the preoccupations and assumptions of feminist literary theory—and, consequently, susceptible to critiques of the theory in general.展开更多
英语中,有些副词有两种形式,如late和lately,一种和形容词形式完全相同,另一种以-ly结尾。一般说来,这两种形式的副词在意义上区别不大。如:He held his son's hand firmly to be sure that the boy didn't bow,either.他紧握...英语中,有些副词有两种形式,如late和lately,一种和形容词形式完全相同,另一种以-ly结尾。一般说来,这两种形式的副词在意义上区别不大。如:He held his son's hand firmly to be sure that the boy didn't bow,either.他紧握儿子的手,以确保孩子也不鞠躬。展开更多
Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ov...Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.展开更多
现在,你们是不是对十二生肖有了一个初步了解呢?其实,它们还出现在了很多历史故事中,你们想不想知道关于它们的有趣故事呢?快来和秋天姐姐一起看看吧!Many stories talk about the relationship between human and dogs.In these storie...现在,你们是不是对十二生肖有了一个初步了解呢?其实,它们还出现在了很多历史故事中,你们想不想知道关于它们的有趣故事呢?快来和秋天姐姐一起看看吧!Many stories talk about the relationship between human and dogs.In these stories,dogs are either cute or smart.Here's a storyabout a loyal dog.Let's havea look!展开更多
如：Thirty people came。Some stayed until the end but many leftearly．来了三十人，有些人一直待到最后，但是很多人很早就走了。This is the last chance for any of us．对于我们中的任何人来说。这都是最后的一次机会。如：Both...如：Thirty people came。Some stayed until the end but many leftearly．来了三十人，有些人一直待到最后，但是很多人很早就走了。This is the last chance for any of us．对于我们中的任何人来说。这都是最后的一次机会。如：Both of my parents like reading newspapers in the morning．我父母都喜欢在早上看报纸。Either of my best friends can help me solve this math problem．展开更多
文摘The large-sized rammed-earth building foundations on the Panlongcheng site at Huangpi are remains of early Shang period palace complex. The No. 1 Panlongcheng palace consists of four rooms with wooden-framed walls. The two rooms in the middle each have two doors on the northern and southern sides respectively；while the two end rooms have only southern doors. So the No. 1 palace must have been in the center of the whole building complex. The roof supported by peripheral columns and wooden-framed walls can be reconstructed to be hipped and single- or double- eaved. The hypothesis that the No. 1 palace may have had projecting-eaves columns has not been confirmed. The No. 2 palace is an open hall without peripheral walls and room division； its roof is supported by peripheral columns only. The idea of reconstructing it as a building with pilasters and multiple rooms seems to lack archaeological evidence. The remaining vestiges show that there were side corridors in the two flanks of the main hall of the No. 2 palace. Referring to the Shang period palace material unearthed from the Shang city-site at Yanshi and other localities, it can be inferred that either of the Nos. 1 and 2 palaces must have had an eastern corridor and a western one, and, in addition, the No. 2 palace must have had a southern corridor with a gate house. The Nos. 1--3 palaces of the Panlongcheng site formed three compounds located one behind another, and belonged to the type of court-and-living building complex. Among them the No. 2 palace was the outer court for holding great ceremonies, the No. 1 palace was the inner court for handling daily administrative affairs, and the No. 3 palace was the king and queen's living place. To the southeast of the No. 2 palace remains a group of rammed-earth house-foundations, which must have been left over from another type of palace building, possibly an ancestral temple. The remaining city-walls at Panlongcheng must have belonged to the peripheral city-walls. The palace area is in the northeast of the encl
文摘Women writers as an analytical category has since the late 1990s gained considerable traction in the studies of pre-modern Chinese literature, with translations, anthologies, and thematic explorations surfacing anew every few years in either monographs or edited volumes. Reference to feminist literary criticism as an analytical framework, however, is still a fairly recent development—that is, until Ronald Egan’s definitive work under review here on the most well-known female poet of the entire Chinese tradition, Li Qingzhao 李清照(1084-ca.1155). Not only is this 11-chapter, 422-page treatment of a single woman a first in English scholarship, Egan’s theoretical stance also marks a departure from earlier works that place their subject matters in a more native context. That alone makes The Burden of Female Talent a must read for all students of Chinese literature. Moreover, throughout the whole book Egan never allows theoretical discussion to overshadow his focused analyses of Li Qingzhao and the circumstances and challenges she faced as a woman writer, thus retaining the distinctive appeal of the book to the more traditional readership of Sinology. This is not to discount, however, Egan’s conversance with feminist criticism;in fact, his “substantial debt”(p.8) to it is very recognizable, since the underlying approaches are fully subsumable under much of the preoccupations and assumptions of feminist literary theory—and, consequently, susceptible to critiques of the theory in general.
文摘英语中,有些副词有两种形式,如late和lately,一种和形容词形式完全相同,另一种以-ly结尾。一般说来,这两种形式的副词在意义上区别不大。如:He held his son's hand firmly to be sure that the boy didn't bow,either.他紧握儿子的手,以确保孩子也不鞠躬。
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Research Program,Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-SW-105)
文摘Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.
文摘现在,你们是不是对十二生肖有了一个初步了解呢?其实,它们还出现在了很多历史故事中,你们想不想知道关于它们的有趣故事呢?快来和秋天姐姐一起看看吧!Many stories talk about the relationship between human and dogs.In these stories,dogs are either cute or smart.Here's a storyabout a loyal dog.Let's havea look!
文摘如：Thirty people came。Some stayed until the end but many leftearly．来了三十人，有些人一直待到最后，但是很多人很早就走了。This is the last chance for any of us．对于我们中的任何人来说。这都是最后的一次机会。如：Both of my parents like reading newspapers in the morning．我父母都喜欢在早上看报纸。Either of my best friends can help me solve this math problem．
