The extensive environment,especially low temperature and weak lighting in winter and spring,which limits the growth of pepper(Capicum annuum L.)seedlings,the use of plant factory with artificial lighting technology ca...The extensive environment,especially low temperature and weak lighting in winter and spring,which limits the growth of pepper(Capicum annuum L.)seedlings,the use of plant factory with artificial lighting technology can effectively control the lighting environment to produce high-quality seedlings.In this study,white LED lamps with R:B ratio of 0.7(L0.7)and 1.5(L1.5)and red-blue LED lamps with R:B ratio of 3.5(L3.5)were used to cultivate seedlings of“CAU-24”pepper in the light intensity of 250μmol/m^(2)·s and photoperiod of 12 h/d,white fluorescent lamps with R:B ratio of 1.7(F1.7)was used as control.The results showed that plant height,stem diameter,hypocotyl length,biomass accumulation,light energy use efficiency(LUE)and electric energy use efficiency(EUE)of pepper seedling under L1.5 were the highest.After 36 days of sowing,the dry weight of shoot reached 302.8±45.2 mg/plant.Leaf area reached maximum value of 153.5±22.0 cm^(2) under L0.7.The contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of pepper seedling leaves under all kinds of LED light were greater than F1.7,but there was no significant difference in net photosynthetic rate.The total dry weight with lamp electric power consumption of L1.5 were 3.0 g/(kW·h)which was 1.5,2,and 3 times greater than that of L3.5,L0.7,and F1.7,respectively.Therefore,compared with fluorescent lamp and other LED lamps,the white LED light quality with R:B ratio of 1.5 is suitable for pepper seedling production in plant factory because of the high LED lighting efficiency,greater LUE and EUE.展开更多
The accurate measurement of the dynamics of photosynthesis in China’s subtropical evergreen forest ecosystems is an important contribution to carbon(C) sink estimates in global terrestrial ecosystems and their respon...The accurate measurement of the dynamics of photosynthesis in China’s subtropical evergreen forest ecosystems is an important contribution to carbon(C) sink estimates in global terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change. Eddy covariance has historically been the only direct method to assess C flux of whole ecosystems with high temporal resolution, but it suffers from limited spatial resolution. During the last decade, continuous global monitoring of plant primary productivity from spectroradiometer sensors on flux towers and satellites has extended the temporal and spatial coverage of C flux observations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of two physiological remote sensing indices, fluorescence reflectance index(FRI) and photochemical reflectance index(PRI), to measure the seasonal variations of photosynthesis in a subtropical evergreen forest ecosystem using continuous canopy spectral and flux measurements in the Dinghushan Nature Reserve in southern China.The more commonly used NDVI has been shown to be saturated and mainly affected by illumination(R^2=0.88, p <0.001), but FRI and PRI could better track the seasonal dynamics of plant photosynthetic functioning by comparison and are less affected by illumination(R^2=0.13 and R^2=0.51, respectively) at the seasonal scale. FRI correlated better with daily gross primary production(GPP) in the morning hours than in the afternoon hours, in contrast to PRI which correlated better with light-use efficiency(LUE) in the afternoon hours. Both FRI and PRI could show greater correlations with GPP and LUE respectively in the senescence season than in the recovery-growth season. When incident PAR was taken into account, the relationship between GPP and FRI was improved and the correlation coefficient increased from 0.22 to 0.69(p < 0.001). The strength of the correlation increased significantly in the senescence season(R^2=0.79, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate the application of FRI and PRI as physiological indices for the accurate measureme展开更多
光化学植被指数PRI(photochemical reflectance index)为估算植被的光能利用率LUE(light use effi-ciency)提供了一种快速、有效的方法。越来越多的研究关注外界环境对PRI和LUE之间关系的影响,这些因素包括水分含量、CO2浓度等等。文章...光化学植被指数PRI(photochemical reflectance index)为估算植被的光能利用率LUE(light use effi-ciency)提供了一种快速、有效的方法。越来越多的研究关注外界环境对PRI和LUE之间关系的影响,这些因素包括水分含量、CO2浓度等等。文章选择了不同氮、钾施肥量处理的小麦,测量其LUE和PRI,分析不同肥料处理对二者关系的影响。实验表明,氮、钾施肥量的增加将提高冠层光谱的PRI值和叶片内部叶绿素的含量,在此基础上提高小麦的LUE。对于不同氮、钾处理的小麦,PRI和LUE之间都获得了很好的相关关系,总的相关系数R2分别是0.7104和0.8534。随着氮、钾肥量的增加,PRI和LUE之间的相关性也在增加。对1,2,3份的氮施肥量,相关系数R2分别是0.6020,0.6404和0.8014;钾施肥量为1,2,3份时,R2分别为0.3791,0.6404和0.6769。因此,PRI不仅能够获可靠精度的LUE,并且为监测小麦的肥料状况提供了一种间接方法,这将为田间管理和精细农业提供了必要的参考信息。展开更多
大尺度植被光能利用率(light use efficiency,LUE)的快速准确获取一直是限制植被生产力估算及相关研究的难题。当前LUE的研究存在取值不准、方法复杂、精度不高等问题,而遥感数据时间连续、空间尺度大、易获取的优势为LUE的准确估算提...大尺度植被光能利用率(light use efficiency,LUE)的快速准确获取一直是限制植被生产力估算及相关研究的难题。当前LUE的研究存在取值不准、方法复杂、精度不高等问题,而遥感数据时间连续、空间尺度大、易获取的优势为LUE的准确估算提供了可能。以东北地区典型的芦苇湿地为研究对象,利用多时相遥感影像Landsat OLI(operational land imager)与植被指数,通过分析LUE、植被指数与植被叶绿素含量之间的关系,探讨利用遥感植被指数实现湿地植被LUE准确估算的可行性。结果表明:除增强植被指数(enhanced vegetation index,EVI)外,其余植被指数均有较强的芦苇湿地表征能力。LUE与叶绿素及植被指数之间存在密切关系,其中归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)对LUE的敏感性最高(P <0.01;R^2=0.62),是本研究中表征芦苇LUE的最佳指数。研究验证了以叶绿素作为中间变量,借助遥感植被指数实现LUE便捷高效反演的理论假设,可为大尺度湿地植被生产力及碳循环等研究提供方法参考和思路借鉴。展开更多
光能利用效率(light use efficiency,LUE)是指初级生产力与植被冠层所吸收的光合有效辐射(absorbed pho-tosynthetically active radiation,APAR)之比,它反映了植被利用光能的能力。定量化生产力的时空变化是定量化全球碳循环的重要研...光能利用效率(light use efficiency,LUE)是指初级生产力与植被冠层所吸收的光合有效辐射(absorbed pho-tosynthetically active radiation,APAR)之比,它反映了植被利用光能的能力。定量化生产力的时空变化是定量化全球碳循环的重要研究内容,而LUE作为光能生产力模型中的一个重要参数,是定量化生产力时空变化的基础。因此,定量化全球植被的LUE是定量化全球碳循环的重要组成部分。基于MODIS光能利用效率算法,本研究模拟了2004-2005年藏北高寒草甸生态系统的光能利用效率(LUEMODIS),并用观测的光能利用效率(LUEEC)对模型进行了验证。在MODIS算法中,日最低气温(Tamin)和饱和水汽压亏缺(VPD)分别被用来计算温度胁迫因子(Tscalar)和水分胁迫因子(Wscalar)。相关分析和多重逐步回归分析结果表明,相对于Wscalar,Tscalar更能够解释观测的LUE的季节变化。2004和2005年的模拟值分别高估了约14.97%和16.57%的观测值,但配对T检验显示模拟值和观测值差异不显著,即基于MODIS的LUE算法在模拟藏北高寒草甸LUE方面具有较高的精度。相关分析表明,观测的LUE与Tamin的相关性好于观测的LUE与平均气温的相关性,这表明在反应藏北高寒草甸生态系统LUE的季节变异方面,Tamin优于平均气温。总之,基于MODIS算法的LUE模型能够比较准确地定量化藏北高寒草甸生态系统的LUE。展开更多
太阳辐射的散射组分能够增强植被冠层LUE(light use efficiency,光能利用率),因此需要在生产力模型中显式地加入散射辐射的影响,从而更准确地模拟植被冠层光合作用.以青藏高原高寒草地为研究对象,改进光能利用率模型,增加散射辐射模块,...太阳辐射的散射组分能够增强植被冠层LUE(light use efficiency,光能利用率),因此需要在生产力模型中显式地加入散射辐射的影响,从而更准确地模拟植被冠层光合作用.以青藏高原高寒草地为研究对象,改进光能利用率模型,增加散射辐射模块,利用站点通量观测数据估计模型关键参数;结合区域尺度气象数据和遥感数据,模拟了2003—2008年青藏高原高寒草地区域尺度GPP(gross primary production,总初级生产力),并量化了GPP模拟的不确定性,进而通过分析模型改进前后GPP空间分布及其不确定性的差异量化了散射辐射的作用.结果表明:考虑散射辐射对LUE的影响后,模型参数优化效果明显提升,青藏高原高寒草地GPP的模拟效果得到提升;2003—2008年青藏高原高寒草地GPP模拟值呈现东南部较大,西北部较小的空间格局,与不考虑散射辐射的结果一致,但GPP平均值由312.3 g/(m^2·a)增至341.7 g/(m^2·a),增幅约9.4%,说明不考虑散射辐射会低估青藏高原高寒草地GPP;GPP模拟值不确定性的空间分布与不考虑散射辐射的结果一致,但是平均不确定性大小有所降低,从9.15%降至8.66%.研究显示,若在青藏高原高寒草地的GPP模拟中不考虑散射辐射,虽不会影响其空间格局,但会低估GPP模拟值的大小,同时增加其不确定性.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0403901).
文摘The extensive environment,especially low temperature and weak lighting in winter and spring,which limits the growth of pepper(Capicum annuum L.)seedlings,the use of plant factory with artificial lighting technology can effectively control the lighting environment to produce high-quality seedlings.In this study,white LED lamps with R:B ratio of 0.7(L0.7)and 1.5(L1.5)and red-blue LED lamps with R:B ratio of 3.5(L3.5)were used to cultivate seedlings of“CAU-24”pepper in the light intensity of 250μmol/m^(2)·s and photoperiod of 12 h/d,white fluorescent lamps with R:B ratio of 1.7(F1.7)was used as control.The results showed that plant height,stem diameter,hypocotyl length,biomass accumulation,light energy use efficiency(LUE)and electric energy use efficiency(EUE)of pepper seedling under L1.5 were the highest.After 36 days of sowing,the dry weight of shoot reached 302.8±45.2 mg/plant.Leaf area reached maximum value of 153.5±22.0 cm^(2) under L0.7.The contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of pepper seedling leaves under all kinds of LED light were greater than F1.7,but there was no significant difference in net photosynthetic rate.The total dry weight with lamp electric power consumption of L1.5 were 3.0 g/(kW·h)which was 1.5,2,and 3 times greater than that of L3.5,L0.7,and F1.7,respectively.Therefore,compared with fluorescent lamp and other LED lamps,the white LED light quality with R:B ratio of 1.5 is suitable for pepper seedling production in plant factory because of the high LED lighting efficiency,greater LUE and EUE.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0503803)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571192)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei,China(D2016302002)Science and Technology Planning Project of Hebei,China(17390313D)
文摘The accurate measurement of the dynamics of photosynthesis in China’s subtropical evergreen forest ecosystems is an important contribution to carbon(C) sink estimates in global terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change. Eddy covariance has historically been the only direct method to assess C flux of whole ecosystems with high temporal resolution, but it suffers from limited spatial resolution. During the last decade, continuous global monitoring of plant primary productivity from spectroradiometer sensors on flux towers and satellites has extended the temporal and spatial coverage of C flux observations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of two physiological remote sensing indices, fluorescence reflectance index(FRI) and photochemical reflectance index(PRI), to measure the seasonal variations of photosynthesis in a subtropical evergreen forest ecosystem using continuous canopy spectral and flux measurements in the Dinghushan Nature Reserve in southern China.The more commonly used NDVI has been shown to be saturated and mainly affected by illumination(R^2=0.88, p <0.001), but FRI and PRI could better track the seasonal dynamics of plant photosynthetic functioning by comparison and are less affected by illumination(R^2=0.13 and R^2=0.51, respectively) at the seasonal scale. FRI correlated better with daily gross primary production(GPP) in the morning hours than in the afternoon hours, in contrast to PRI which correlated better with light-use efficiency(LUE) in the afternoon hours. Both FRI and PRI could show greater correlations with GPP and LUE respectively in the senescence season than in the recovery-growth season. When incident PAR was taken into account, the relationship between GPP and FRI was improved and the correlation coefficient increased from 0.22 to 0.69(p < 0.001). The strength of the correlation increased significantly in the senescence season(R^2=0.79, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate the application of FRI and PRI as physiological indices for the accurate measureme
文摘光化学植被指数PRI(photochemical reflectance index)为估算植被的光能利用率LUE(light use effi-ciency)提供了一种快速、有效的方法。越来越多的研究关注外界环境对PRI和LUE之间关系的影响,这些因素包括水分含量、CO2浓度等等。文章选择了不同氮、钾施肥量处理的小麦,测量其LUE和PRI,分析不同肥料处理对二者关系的影响。实验表明,氮、钾施肥量的增加将提高冠层光谱的PRI值和叶片内部叶绿素的含量,在此基础上提高小麦的LUE。对于不同氮、钾处理的小麦,PRI和LUE之间都获得了很好的相关关系,总的相关系数R2分别是0.7104和0.8534。随着氮、钾肥量的增加,PRI和LUE之间的相关性也在增加。对1,2,3份的氮施肥量,相关系数R2分别是0.6020,0.6404和0.8014;钾施肥量为1,2,3份时,R2分别为0.3791,0.6404和0.6769。因此,PRI不仅能够获可靠精度的LUE,并且为监测小麦的肥料状况提供了一种间接方法,这将为田间管理和精细农业提供了必要的参考信息。
文摘光能利用效率(light use efficiency,LUE)是指初级生产力与植被冠层所吸收的光合有效辐射(absorbed pho-tosynthetically active radiation,APAR)之比,它反映了植被利用光能的能力。定量化生产力的时空变化是定量化全球碳循环的重要研究内容,而LUE作为光能生产力模型中的一个重要参数,是定量化生产力时空变化的基础。因此,定量化全球植被的LUE是定量化全球碳循环的重要组成部分。基于MODIS光能利用效率算法,本研究模拟了2004-2005年藏北高寒草甸生态系统的光能利用效率(LUEMODIS),并用观测的光能利用效率(LUEEC)对模型进行了验证。在MODIS算法中,日最低气温(Tamin)和饱和水汽压亏缺(VPD)分别被用来计算温度胁迫因子(Tscalar)和水分胁迫因子(Wscalar)。相关分析和多重逐步回归分析结果表明,相对于Wscalar,Tscalar更能够解释观测的LUE的季节变化。2004和2005年的模拟值分别高估了约14.97%和16.57%的观测值,但配对T检验显示模拟值和观测值差异不显著,即基于MODIS的LUE算法在模拟藏北高寒草甸LUE方面具有较高的精度。相关分析表明,观测的LUE与Tamin的相关性好于观测的LUE与平均气温的相关性,这表明在反应藏北高寒草甸生态系统LUE的季节变异方面,Tamin优于平均气温。总之,基于MODIS算法的LUE模型能够比较准确地定量化藏北高寒草甸生态系统的LUE。
