This study simulates the effective radiative forcing （ERF） of tropospheric ozone from 1850 to 2013 and its effects on global climate using an aerosol-climate coupled model, BCC_AGCM2.0. I_CUACE/Aero, in combination ...This study simulates the effective radiative forcing （ERF） of tropospheric ozone from 1850 to 2013 and its effects on global climate using an aerosol-climate coupled model, BCC_AGCM2.0. I_CUACE/Aero, in combination with OMI （Ozone Monitoring Instrument） satellite ozone data. According to the OMI observations, the global annual mean tropospheric col- umn ozone （TCO） was 33.9 DU in 2013, and the largest TCO was distributed in the belts between 30°N and 45°N and at approximately 30°S; the annual mean TCO was higher in the Northern Hemisphere than that in the Southern Hemisphere; and in boreal summer and autumn, the global mean TCO was higher than in winter and spring. The simulated ERF due to the change in tropospheric ozone concentration from 1850 to 2013 was 0.46 W m-2, thereby causing an increase in the global annual mean surface temperature by 0.36°C, and precipitation by 0.02 mm d-1 （the increase of surface temperature had a significance level above 95%）. The surface temperature was increased more obviously over the high latitudes in both hemispheres, with the maximum exceeding 1.4°C in Siberia. There were opposite changes in precipitation near the equator, with an increase of 0.5 mm d- 1 near the Hawaiian Islands and a decrease of about -0.6 mm d- 1 near the middle of the Indian Ocean.展开更多
为减少不同气候模式评估气溶胶气候效应的差异,第六次耦合模式比较计划(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6,CMIP6)直接给定了人为气溶胶强迫数据。因此,有必要基于此强迫数据重新评估气溶胶气候效应。本研究首先将CMIP6给...为减少不同气候模式评估气溶胶气候效应的差异,第六次耦合模式比较计划(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6,CMIP6)直接给定了人为气溶胶强迫数据。因此,有必要基于此强迫数据重新评估气溶胶气候效应。本研究首先将CMIP6给出的描述人为气溶胶强迫的模块引入南京信息工程大学(Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,NUIST)的地球系统模式(The NUIST Earth System Model,NESM)。之后,利用NESM模式评估地球辐射收支平衡对此人为气溶胶强迫的响应,并分析模式模拟结果的不确定性。评估给出的人为气溶胶有效辐射强迫为-0.45(±0.28)W·m^-2。其中,气溶胶直接辐射效应为-0.34(±0.01)W·m^-2,与第二次气溶胶比较计划(The second phase of Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models,AeroComⅡ)的评估结果基本一致;气溶胶对云辐射强迫的影响(包括半直接效应和间接效应)为-0.10(±0.30)W·m^-2,明显受到模式内部变率的干扰,具有较大的不确定性。展开更多
Influences of the mixing treatments of anthropogenic aerosols on their effective radiative forcing （ERF） and global aridity are evaluated by using the BCC_AGCM2.0_CUACE/Aero, an aerosol-climate online coupled model....Influences of the mixing treatments of anthropogenic aerosols on their effective radiative forcing （ERF） and global aridity are evaluated by using the BCC_AGCM2.0_CUACE/Aero, an aerosol-climate online coupled model. Simula-tions show that the negative ERF due to external mixing （EM, a scheme in which all aerosol particles are treated as independent spheres formed by single substance） aerosols is largely reduced by the partial internal mixing （PIM, a scheme in which some of the aerosol particles are formed by one absorptive and one scattering substance） method. Compared to EM, PIM aerosols have much stronger absorptive ability and generally weaker hygroscopicity, which would lead to changes in radiative forcing, hence to climate. For the global mean values, the ERFs due to anthropo-genie aerosols since the pre-industrial are -1.02 and -1.68 W m^-2 for PIM and EM schemes, respectively. The vari-ables related to aridity such as global mean temperature, net radiation flux at the surface, and the potential evapora-tion capacity are all decreased by 2.18/1.61 K, 5.06/3.90 W m^-2, and 0.21/0.14 mm day^-1 since 1850 for EM and PIM schemes, respectively. According to the changes in aridity index, the anthropogenic aerosols have caused general hu-midification over central Asia, South America, Africa, and Australia, but great aridification over eastern China and the Tibetan Plateau since the pre-industrial in both mixing schemes. However, the aridification is considerably allevi-ated in China, but intensified in the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa in the PIM scheme.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41575002)
文摘This study simulates the effective radiative forcing （ERF） of tropospheric ozone from 1850 to 2013 and its effects on global climate using an aerosol-climate coupled model, BCC_AGCM2.0. I_CUACE/Aero, in combination with OMI （Ozone Monitoring Instrument） satellite ozone data. According to the OMI observations, the global annual mean tropospheric col- umn ozone （TCO） was 33.9 DU in 2013, and the largest TCO was distributed in the belts between 30°N and 45°N and at approximately 30°S; the annual mean TCO was higher in the Northern Hemisphere than that in the Southern Hemisphere; and in boreal summer and autumn, the global mean TCO was higher than in winter and spring. The simulated ERF due to the change in tropospheric ozone concentration from 1850 to 2013 was 0.46 W m-2, thereby causing an increase in the global annual mean surface temperature by 0.36°C, and precipitation by 0.02 mm d-1 （the increase of surface temperature had a significance level above 95%）. The surface temperature was increased more obviously over the high latitudes in both hemispheres, with the maximum exceeding 1.4°C in Siberia. There were opposite changes in precipitation near the equator, with an increase of 0.5 mm d- 1 near the Hawaiian Islands and a decrease of about -0.6 mm d- 1 near the middle of the Indian Ocean.
文摘为减少不同气候模式评估气溶胶气候效应的差异,第六次耦合模式比较计划(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6,CMIP6)直接给定了人为气溶胶强迫数据。因此,有必要基于此强迫数据重新评估气溶胶气候效应。本研究首先将CMIP6给出的描述人为气溶胶强迫的模块引入南京信息工程大学(Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,NUIST)的地球系统模式(The NUIST Earth System Model,NESM)。之后,利用NESM模式评估地球辐射收支平衡对此人为气溶胶强迫的响应,并分析模式模拟结果的不确定性。评估给出的人为气溶胶有效辐射强迫为-0.45(±0.28)W·m^-2。其中,气溶胶直接辐射效应为-0.34(±0.01)W·m^-2,与第二次气溶胶比较计划(The second phase of Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models,AeroComⅡ)的评估结果基本一致;气溶胶对云辐射强迫的影响(包括半直接效应和间接效应)为-0.10(±0.30)W·m^-2,明显受到模式内部变率的干扰,具有较大的不确定性。
基金Supported by the(Key)National Natural Science Foundation of China(91644211 and 41575002)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0603502)
文摘Influences of the mixing treatments of anthropogenic aerosols on their effective radiative forcing （ERF） and global aridity are evaluated by using the BCC_AGCM2.0_CUACE/Aero, an aerosol-climate online coupled model. Simula-tions show that the negative ERF due to external mixing （EM, a scheme in which all aerosol particles are treated as independent spheres formed by single substance） aerosols is largely reduced by the partial internal mixing （PIM, a scheme in which some of the aerosol particles are formed by one absorptive and one scattering substance） method. Compared to EM, PIM aerosols have much stronger absorptive ability and generally weaker hygroscopicity, which would lead to changes in radiative forcing, hence to climate. For the global mean values, the ERFs due to anthropo-genie aerosols since the pre-industrial are -1.02 and -1.68 W m^-2 for PIM and EM schemes, respectively. The vari-ables related to aridity such as global mean temperature, net radiation flux at the surface, and the potential evapora-tion capacity are all decreased by 2.18/1.61 K, 5.06/3.90 W m^-2, and 0.21/0.14 mm day^-1 since 1850 for EM and PIM schemes, respectively. According to the changes in aridity index, the anthropogenic aerosols have caused general hu-midification over central Asia, South America, Africa, and Australia, but great aridification over eastern China and the Tibetan Plateau since the pre-industrial in both mixing schemes. However, the aridification is considerably allevi-ated in China, but intensified in the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa in the PIM scheme.
