Acoustic models of railway vehicles in standstill and pass-by conditions can be used as part of a virtual certification process for new trains.For each piece of auxiliary equipment,the sound power measured on a test b...Acoustic models of railway vehicles in standstill and pass-by conditions can be used as part of a virtual certification process for new trains.For each piece of auxiliary equipment,the sound power measured on a test bench is combined with meas-ured or predicted transfer functions.It is important,however,to allow for installation effects due to shielding by fairings or the train body.In the current work,fast-running analytical models are developed to determine these installation effects.The model for roof-mounted sources takes account of diffraction at the corner of the train body or fairing,using a barrier model.For equipment mounted under the train,the acoustic propagation from the sides of the source is based on free-field Green’s functions.The bottom surfaces are assumed to radiate initially into a cavity under the train,which is modelled with a simple diffuse field approach.The sound emitted from the gaps at the side of the cavity is then assumed to propagate to the receivers according to free-field Green’s functions.Results show good agreement with a 2.5D boundary element model and with measurements.Modelling uncertainty and parametric uncertainty are evaluated.The largest variability occurs due to the height and impedance of the ground,especially for a low receiver.This leads to standard deviations of up to 4 dB at low frequencies.For the roof-mounted sources,uncertainty over the location of the corner used in the equivalent barrier model can also lead to large standard deviations.展开更多
润滑系统对航空发动机的润滑、散热、清洁、防腐等有重要作用,润滑系统的安全影响着发动机整体的安全。研究发动机润滑系统的审定基础与安全性对我国自主研制发动机润滑系统十分重要。首先对航空发动机润滑系统涉及的适航条款及标准规...润滑系统对航空发动机的润滑、散热、清洁、防腐等有重要作用,润滑系统的安全影响着发动机整体的安全。研究发动机润滑系统的审定基础与安全性对我国自主研制发动机润滑系统十分重要。首先对航空发动机润滑系统涉及的适航条款及标准规范进行分析,再针对润滑系统的功能和部件故障模式及影响分析(failure mode and effect analysis,简称FMEA)展开研究。最后从润滑系统设计、润滑系统部件试验、滑油姿态试验、滑油中断试验和整机试验5部分展开审定分析,形成了一套完整的润滑系统安全性审查方法指南,为局方提供润滑系统的适航审定支持。展开更多
基金The work described here has been supported by the TRANSIT project(funded by EU Horizon 2020 and the Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking under grant agreement 881771).
文摘Acoustic models of railway vehicles in standstill and pass-by conditions can be used as part of a virtual certification process for new trains.For each piece of auxiliary equipment,the sound power measured on a test bench is combined with meas-ured or predicted transfer functions.It is important,however,to allow for installation effects due to shielding by fairings or the train body.In the current work,fast-running analytical models are developed to determine these installation effects.The model for roof-mounted sources takes account of diffraction at the corner of the train body or fairing,using a barrier model.For equipment mounted under the train,the acoustic propagation from the sides of the source is based on free-field Green’s functions.The bottom surfaces are assumed to radiate initially into a cavity under the train,which is modelled with a simple diffuse field approach.The sound emitted from the gaps at the side of the cavity is then assumed to propagate to the receivers according to free-field Green’s functions.Results show good agreement with a 2.5D boundary element model and with measurements.Modelling uncertainty and parametric uncertainty are evaluated.The largest variability occurs due to the height and impedance of the ground,especially for a low receiver.This leads to standard deviations of up to 4 dB at low frequencies.For the roof-mounted sources,uncertainty over the location of the corner used in the equivalent barrier model can also lead to large standard deviations.
文摘润滑系统对航空发动机的润滑、散热、清洁、防腐等有重要作用,润滑系统的安全影响着发动机整体的安全。研究发动机润滑系统的审定基础与安全性对我国自主研制发动机润滑系统十分重要。首先对航空发动机润滑系统涉及的适航条款及标准规范进行分析,再针对润滑系统的功能和部件故障模式及影响分析(failure mode and effect analysis,简称FMEA)展开研究。最后从润滑系统设计、润滑系统部件试验、滑油姿态试验、滑油中断试验和整机试验5部分展开审定分析,形成了一套完整的润滑系统安全性审查方法指南,为局方提供润滑系统的适航审定支持。
