在大田试验条件下,对大穗型小麦品种兰考矮早八旗叶光合特性及氮素调控效应进行了研究。结果表明,旗叶叶绿素含量随籽粒灌浆进程呈逐渐降低的趋势。PSⅡ潜在活性、PSⅡ光化学的最大效率、荧光光化学猝灭系数等随生育进程呈先升高后降低...在大田试验条件下,对大穗型小麦品种兰考矮早八旗叶光合特性及氮素调控效应进行了研究。结果表明,旗叶叶绿素含量随籽粒灌浆进程呈逐渐降低的趋势。PSⅡ潜在活性、PSⅡ光化学的最大效率、荧光光化学猝灭系数等随生育进程呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且均在开花期达到最大值,之后逐渐下降;荧光非光化学猝灭系数则在成熟期达到最大值。氮肥对旗叶光合特性有一定的调控效应,Chl,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm及qP均随施氮水平的增加呈增加的趋势,其中Chl和Fv/Fo以N3(180 kg hm-2)处理最大,Fv/Fm和qP(除孕穗期外)以N4(360 kg hm-2)处理最大;qN则随施氮水平增加呈降低的趋势,以N4处理最小。适宜的施氮量(180 kg hm-2)改善了兰考矮早八的光合色素性状,提高PSⅡ潜在活性及PSⅡ光化学的最大效率,减少荧光非光化学猝灭系数,从而有助于籽粒产量的提高。展开更多
It remains unclear whether biochar applications to calcareous soils can improve soil fertility and crop yield. A long-term field experiment was established in 2009 so as to determine the effect of biochar on crop yiel...It remains unclear whether biochar applications to calcareous soils can improve soil fertility and crop yield. A long-term field experiment was established in 2009 so as to determine the effect of biochar on crop yield and soil properties in a calcareous soil. Five treatments were： 1） straw incorporation; 2） straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer; 3）, 4） and 5） straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer, and biochar at 30, 60, and 90 t ha-l, respectively. The annual yield of either winter wheat or summer maize was not increased significantly following biochar application, whereas the cumulative yield over the first 4 growing seasons was significantly increased. Soil pH, measured in situ, was increased by a maximum of 0.35 units after 2 yr following biochar application. After 3 yr, soil bulk density significantly decreased while soil water holding capacity increased with adding biochar of 90 t ha^-1. Alkaline hydrolysable N decreased but exchangeable K increased due to biochar addition. Olsen-P did not change compared to the treatment without biochar. The results suggested that biochar could be used in calcareous soils without yield loss or significant impacts on nutrient availability.展开更多
通过大田试验,从土壤保温性、作物生长发育与产量、田间降解等方面对5种可降解地膜进行分析比较。结果显示：可降解地膜覆盖能显著提高土壤不同深度的温度,其中M2和M52种地膜的整体保温效果最为突出,达到了接近普通地膜的水平；地膜覆...通过大田试验,从土壤保温性、作物生长发育与产量、田间降解等方面对5种可降解地膜进行分析比较。结果显示：可降解地膜覆盖能显著提高土壤不同深度的温度,其中M2和M52种地膜的整体保温效果最为突出,达到了接近普通地膜的水平；地膜覆盖可显著加快玉米生育进程和增加玉米产量,且部分可降解地膜的促进效果优于普通地膜。在地膜降解方面,5种可降解地膜破裂启动期较为一致,发生于覆膜后约20 d ,可基本满足玉米苗期对温度、水分的需要；覆膜90～100 d后可降解地膜从土壤表面基本消失。以上结果显示,供试的5种可降解地膜不仅具有显著的生物学效应和经济学效果,其降解特性也基本符合玉米生长对环境条件的要求,完全可以替代传统地膜。展开更多
文摘在大田试验条件下,对大穗型小麦品种兰考矮早八旗叶光合特性及氮素调控效应进行了研究。结果表明,旗叶叶绿素含量随籽粒灌浆进程呈逐渐降低的趋势。PSⅡ潜在活性、PSⅡ光化学的最大效率、荧光光化学猝灭系数等随生育进程呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且均在开花期达到最大值,之后逐渐下降;荧光非光化学猝灭系数则在成熟期达到最大值。氮肥对旗叶光合特性有一定的调控效应,Chl,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm及qP均随施氮水平的增加呈增加的趋势,其中Chl和Fv/Fo以N3(180 kg hm-2)处理最大,Fv/Fm和qP(除孕穗期外)以N4(360 kg hm-2)处理最大;qN则随施氮水平增加呈降低的趋势,以N4处理最小。适宜的施氮量(180 kg hm-2)改善了兰考矮早八的光合色素性状,提高PSⅡ潜在活性及PSⅡ光化学的最大效率,减少荧光非光化学猝灭系数,从而有助于籽粒产量的提高。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171211)
文摘It remains unclear whether biochar applications to calcareous soils can improve soil fertility and crop yield. A long-term field experiment was established in 2009 so as to determine the effect of biochar on crop yield and soil properties in a calcareous soil. Five treatments were： 1） straw incorporation; 2） straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer; 3）, 4） and 5） straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer, and biochar at 30, 60, and 90 t ha-l, respectively. The annual yield of either winter wheat or summer maize was not increased significantly following biochar application, whereas the cumulative yield over the first 4 growing seasons was significantly increased. Soil pH, measured in situ, was increased by a maximum of 0.35 units after 2 yr following biochar application. After 3 yr, soil bulk density significantly decreased while soil water holding capacity increased with adding biochar of 90 t ha^-1. Alkaline hydrolysable N decreased but exchangeable K increased due to biochar addition. Olsen-P did not change compared to the treatment without biochar. The results suggested that biochar could be used in calcareous soils without yield loss or significant impacts on nutrient availability.
文摘通过大田试验,从土壤保温性、作物生长发育与产量、田间降解等方面对5种可降解地膜进行分析比较。结果显示：可降解地膜覆盖能显著提高土壤不同深度的温度,其中M2和M52种地膜的整体保温效果最为突出,达到了接近普通地膜的水平；地膜覆盖可显著加快玉米生育进程和增加玉米产量,且部分可降解地膜的促进效果优于普通地膜。在地膜降解方面,5种可降解地膜破裂启动期较为一致,发生于覆膜后约20 d ,可基本满足玉米苗期对温度、水分的需要；覆膜90～100 d后可降解地膜从土壤表面基本消失。以上结果显示,供试的5种可降解地膜不仅具有显著的生物学效应和经济学效果,其降解特性也基本符合玉米生长对环境条件的要求,完全可以替代传统地膜。
