The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of infusion container design on the volume of residual drug solution following use in a clinical setting. 0.9% （w/v） NaCl infusion solution containers （5 ty...The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of infusion container design on the volume of residual drug solution following use in a clinical setting. 0.9% （w/v） NaCl infusion solution containers （5 types, each of three capacities： 100 mL, 250 mL and 500 mL） following clinical use for in-patients at Peking University Third Hospital were collected during Sept. and Oct. 2007. The volume of residual drug solution was determined. Hospital pharmacy records were used to determine the potential economic implications of discarding residual drug solutions. The mean residual volumes ranged from 0.38 mL to 4.80 mL and, in general, residual volume increased with increasing container capacity. The residual volumes for one type of double-port soft bag were significantly lower than the residual volumes for all other containers of the same capacity （P〈0.05）, including glass and semi-rigid plastic bottles. Highest residual volumes were observed for the single-port soft bag. Estimates of the value of discarded residual drug solution ranged from approximately US $15,000 to US $150,000 per annum in our hospital. Infusion container design has a major influence on residual drug solution volumes following intravenous infusion. Appropriate choice of bag design remains an important consideration for the economics and efficacy of infusion treatment in Chinese hospitals.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate 5-year effectiveness and cos between latanoprost or timolol monotherapy in a pilot trial.METHODS: A retrospective, multi-center trial performed at 6 sites in Germany of patients who had a diagnosis of...AIM: To evaluate 5-year effectiveness and cos between latanoprost or timolol monotherapy in a pilot trial.METHODS: A retrospective, multi-center trial performed at 6 sites in Germany of patients who had a diagnosis of primary open-angle or pigmentary glaucoma, in at least one eye, initiated on monotherapy with latanoprost or timolol maleate. Qualified consecutive charts were reviewed in which 5-year efficacy, safety and cost data was abstracted.RESULTS: Seventy-seven latanoprost and 49 timolo patients were included, at the final visit no difference existed between the two groups in disc parameters including: rim area, rim area/disc area ratio, cup volume or vertical cup/disc ratio (P 】0.05). There was no difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) between the initial latanoprost (17.4 ±2.6) and timolol (16.3 ±2.8mmHg) groups. There was less change in medicines over the follow-up period (0.1 vs 0.8) and fewer medications at the final visit (1.2 vs 1.8) with latanoprost compared to timolol. No patient treated with latanoprost discontinued therapy during follow-up, while 12% discontinued timolol mostly due to inadequate IOP control. Cost/year was less with initial timolol ($458±236) as compared to latanoprost ($552±202). CONCLUSION: Patients begun on latanoprost o timolol and followed over 5 years may have similar clinical outcomes. However, timolol patients may require more medicines and medicine changes to control IOP for long-term, but at a lower cost.展开更多
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of infusion container design on the volume of residual drug solution following use in a clinical setting. 0.9% （w/v） NaCl infusion solution containers （5 types, each of three capacities： 100 mL, 250 mL and 500 mL） following clinical use for in-patients at Peking University Third Hospital were collected during Sept. and Oct. 2007. The volume of residual drug solution was determined. Hospital pharmacy records were used to determine the potential economic implications of discarding residual drug solutions. The mean residual volumes ranged from 0.38 mL to 4.80 mL and, in general, residual volume increased with increasing container capacity. The residual volumes for one type of double-port soft bag were significantly lower than the residual volumes for all other containers of the same capacity （P〈0.05）, including glass and semi-rigid plastic bottles. Highest residual volumes were observed for the single-port soft bag. Estimates of the value of discarded residual drug solution ranged from approximately US $15,000 to US $150,000 per annum in our hospital. Infusion container design has a major influence on residual drug solution volumes following intravenous infusion. Appropriate choice of bag design remains an important consideration for the economics and efficacy of infusion treatment in Chinese hospitals.
基金an unrestricted grant from Pfizer, Inc., New York, USA
文摘AIM: To evaluate 5-year effectiveness and cos between latanoprost or timolol monotherapy in a pilot trial.METHODS: A retrospective, multi-center trial performed at 6 sites in Germany of patients who had a diagnosis of primary open-angle or pigmentary glaucoma, in at least one eye, initiated on monotherapy with latanoprost or timolol maleate. Qualified consecutive charts were reviewed in which 5-year efficacy, safety and cost data was abstracted.RESULTS: Seventy-seven latanoprost and 49 timolo patients were included, at the final visit no difference existed between the two groups in disc parameters including: rim area, rim area/disc area ratio, cup volume or vertical cup/disc ratio (P 】0.05). There was no difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) between the initial latanoprost (17.4 ±2.6) and timolol (16.3 ±2.8mmHg) groups. There was less change in medicines over the follow-up period (0.1 vs 0.8) and fewer medications at the final visit (1.2 vs 1.8) with latanoprost compared to timolol. No patient treated with latanoprost discontinued therapy during follow-up, while 12% discontinued timolol mostly due to inadequate IOP control. Cost/year was less with initial timolol ($458±236) as compared to latanoprost ($552±202). CONCLUSION: Patients begun on latanoprost o timolol and followed over 5 years may have similar clinical outcomes. However, timolol patients may require more medicines and medicine changes to control IOP for long-term, but at a lower cost.
