Understanding the fate and toxicity of microplastics(MPs,<5 mm plastic particles)is limited by quantification methods.This paper summarizes the methods in use and presents new ones.First,sampling and pretreatment p...Understanding the fate and toxicity of microplastics(MPs,<5 mm plastic particles)is limited by quantification methods.This paper summarizes the methods in use and presents new ones.First,sampling and pretreatment processes ofMPs,including sample collection,digestion,density separation,and quality control are reviewed.Then the promising and convenient staining procedures and quantification methods for MPs using fluorescence dyes are reviewed.The factors that influence the staining of MPs,including their physicochemical properties,are summarized to provide an optimal operation procedure.In general,the digestion step is crucial to eliminate natural organic matter(NOM)to avoid interference in quantification.Chloroform was reported to be the most appropriate solvent,and 10–20μg/mL are recommended as optimal dye concentrations.In addition,a heating and cooling procedure is recommended to maintain the fluorescence intensity of MPs for two months.After staining,a fluorescence microscope is usually used to characterize the morphology,mass,or number of MPs,but compositional analysis cannot be determined with it.These fluorescence staining methods have been implemented to study MP abundance,transport,and toxicity and have been combined with other chemical characterization techniques,such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.More studies are needed to focus on the synthesis of novel dyes to avoid NOM’s interference.They need to be combined with other spectroscopic techniques to characterize plastic composition and to develop image-analysis methods.The stability of stained MPs needs to be improved.展开更多
从纺织厂的工业废水排污口取样,分离筛选出了一株嗜热的高效偶氮染料脱色菌PDR2。通过形态学、生理生化特征以及16S r DNA基因序列分析等方法对该菌株进行鉴定,发现该菌为厌氧芽孢杆菌,与Anoxybacillus sp(GQ471935)同源性最高。此外,...从纺织厂的工业废水排污口取样,分离筛选出了一株嗜热的高效偶氮染料脱色菌PDR2。通过形态学、生理生化特征以及16S r DNA基因序列分析等方法对该菌株进行鉴定,发现该菌为厌氧芽孢杆菌,与Anoxybacillus sp(GQ471935)同源性最高。此外,分别考察了菌株PDR2在不同碳源、氮源、p H以及培养温度等条件下对偶氮染料直接黑38脱色性能的影响,在此基础上进一步研究了菌株PDR2对不同浓度直接黑38染料的耐受性。结果表明,菌株PDR2在55℃、p H 6.0且以葡萄糖为碳源,牛肉膏和蛋白胨为混合氮源时其脱色效果最佳,且菌株对偶氮染料直接黑38有着较强的耐受能力,在染料浓度低于0.4 g·L^(-1)时其脱色效果良好。在最佳条件下静置培养24 h时,菌株PDR2对0.1 g·L^(-1)直接黑38染料的脱色率高达92.34%,展出了良好的应用潜力。展开更多
The aim of this article was to express the importance of this projected work in the field of present competitive textile-world as fabric manufacturing industries are competing with each other to be unique and aristocr...The aim of this article was to express the importance of this projected work in the field of present competitive textile-world as fabric manufacturing industries are competing with each other to be unique and aristocrat with their products for attaining customer’s attention and increasing their significance to others. To be superior in market, research is the first priority in this perspective competing field. Industries are producing a wide variety of products with some very good comfort properties in fabrics. Due to achieving this, different properties like construction, weave, internal structure, use of variety of yarn, inner-structural changes are brought in fabrics. The more an industry is advanced with its products, the more it will get market value which is very important. Market research in this field is fundamental prior to going for production. An experimental study may be applied in the market on various products with a view to attaining a good annual turnover with production and manufactures. All these parameters like development, growth, market values etc. are strongly dependent on the analytical and research activities of a group. Considering all, analysis on a fabric and its properties is very much fundament and important.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0605001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52170024,21677015 and 22006031)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2019204315)the Sponsored Research Overhead Fund(Grant No.472120)from Kansas State University.
文摘Understanding the fate and toxicity of microplastics(MPs,<5 mm plastic particles)is limited by quantification methods.This paper summarizes the methods in use and presents new ones.First,sampling and pretreatment processes ofMPs,including sample collection,digestion,density separation,and quality control are reviewed.Then the promising and convenient staining procedures and quantification methods for MPs using fluorescence dyes are reviewed.The factors that influence the staining of MPs,including their physicochemical properties,are summarized to provide an optimal operation procedure.In general,the digestion step is crucial to eliminate natural organic matter(NOM)to avoid interference in quantification.Chloroform was reported to be the most appropriate solvent,and 10–20μg/mL are recommended as optimal dye concentrations.In addition,a heating and cooling procedure is recommended to maintain the fluorescence intensity of MPs for two months.After staining,a fluorescence microscope is usually used to characterize the morphology,mass,or number of MPs,but compositional analysis cannot be determined with it.These fluorescence staining methods have been implemented to study MP abundance,transport,and toxicity and have been combined with other chemical characterization techniques,such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.More studies are needed to focus on the synthesis of novel dyes to avoid NOM’s interference.They need to be combined with other spectroscopic techniques to characterize plastic composition and to develop image-analysis methods.The stability of stained MPs needs to be improved.
文摘从纺织厂的工业废水排污口取样,分离筛选出了一株嗜热的高效偶氮染料脱色菌PDR2。通过形态学、生理生化特征以及16S r DNA基因序列分析等方法对该菌株进行鉴定,发现该菌为厌氧芽孢杆菌,与Anoxybacillus sp(GQ471935)同源性最高。此外,分别考察了菌株PDR2在不同碳源、氮源、p H以及培养温度等条件下对偶氮染料直接黑38脱色性能的影响,在此基础上进一步研究了菌株PDR2对不同浓度直接黑38染料的耐受性。结果表明,菌株PDR2在55℃、p H 6.0且以葡萄糖为碳源,牛肉膏和蛋白胨为混合氮源时其脱色效果最佳,且菌株对偶氮染料直接黑38有着较强的耐受能力,在染料浓度低于0.4 g·L^(-1)时其脱色效果良好。在最佳条件下静置培养24 h时,菌株PDR2对0.1 g·L^(-1)直接黑38染料的脱色率高达92.34%,展出了良好的应用潜力。
文摘The aim of this article was to express the importance of this projected work in the field of present competitive textile-world as fabric manufacturing industries are competing with each other to be unique and aristocrat with their products for attaining customer’s attention and increasing their significance to others. To be superior in market, research is the first priority in this perspective competing field. Industries are producing a wide variety of products with some very good comfort properties in fabrics. Due to achieving this, different properties like construction, weave, internal structure, use of variety of yarn, inner-structural changes are brought in fabrics. The more an industry is advanced with its products, the more it will get market value which is very important. Market research in this field is fundamental prior to going for production. An experimental study may be applied in the market on various products with a view to attaining a good annual turnover with production and manufactures. All these parameters like development, growth, market values etc. are strongly dependent on the analytical and research activities of a group. Considering all, analysis on a fabric and its properties is very much fundament and important.
