Cellulose nanofibril(CNF)was used as the anionic component of two dual strengthening systems wherein polyamidopolyamine epichlorohydrin resin(PAE)or cationic starch(CS)was used as the cationic component.Their strength...Cellulose nanofibril(CNF)was used as the anionic component of two dual strengthening systems wherein polyamidopolyamine epichlorohydrin resin(PAE)or cationic starch(CS)was used as the cationic component.Their strengthening effects were investigated for lowbasis-weight(30 g/m2)paper composed of a mixture of fully bleached softwood and hardwood pulp in a 4:1 mass ratio.Using the PAE/CNF or CS/CNF dual system,it was generally easier to achieve higher wet and dry tensile strengths of paper compared to the paper using the single PAE or CS system.For example,the paper using the PAE(0.4%)/CNF(0.3%)dual system exhibited 89%higher wet tensile strength than the paper using the single PAE(0.4%)system,and the paper using CS(1.3%)/CNF(0.3%)dual treatment showed 21%higher dry strength than that using the single CS(1.3%)system.However,the PAE/CNF system only showed small improvement in the dry strength of paper(11%higher than that of paper using the single PAE system),so did the CS/NFC system on wet strength improvement(only 17%higher than that of paper using the single CS system).展开更多
Nowadays,elderly people represent a growing population segment with a well known increased risk of both ischemic and bleeding events.Current acute coronary syndrome guidelines,strongly recommend dual antiplatelet ther...Nowadays,elderly people represent a growing population segment with a well known increased risk of both ischemic and bleeding events.Current acute coronary syndrome guidelines,strongly recommend dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)with few specific references for aged patients due to lack of evidence.Patients aged>75 years are misrepresented in the classic derivation trials cohorts.Strategies to reduce the bleeding risk in this group of patients are urgently needed for the daily clinical practice.Identify the specific age related bleeding risk factors and the importance of an integral geriatric assessment remains challenging.Some of the available in-hospital and out-hospital bleeding risk scores have shown a lower to moderate predictive ability in older patients and no specific tools are developed in elderly population.The importance of an appropriate vascular access choice,type and duration of antiplatelet drugs is crucial to reduce the bleeding risk.Increase radial approaches and short DAPT duration leads to reduce hemorrhages.One interesting subgroup of patients is those who need chronic anticoagulation therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention,due to their very high risk of bleeding.New alternatives as dual therapy with oral anticoagulation and only one antiplatlet drug should be considered.In current review,we evaluate the available evidence about bleeding risk in elderly.展开更多
基金supported by the National Program on Key Research & Development Project of China (Grant No. 2017YFB0307902)
文摘Cellulose nanofibril(CNF)was used as the anionic component of two dual strengthening systems wherein polyamidopolyamine epichlorohydrin resin(PAE)or cationic starch(CS)was used as the cationic component.Their strengthening effects were investigated for lowbasis-weight(30 g/m2)paper composed of a mixture of fully bleached softwood and hardwood pulp in a 4:1 mass ratio.Using the PAE/CNF or CS/CNF dual system,it was generally easier to achieve higher wet and dry tensile strengths of paper compared to the paper using the single PAE or CS system.For example,the paper using the PAE(0.4%)/CNF(0.3%)dual system exhibited 89%higher wet tensile strength than the paper using the single PAE(0.4%)system,and the paper using CS(1.3%)/CNF(0.3%)dual treatment showed 21%higher dry strength than that using the single CS(1.3%)system.However,the PAE/CNF system only showed small improvement in the dry strength of paper(11%higher than that of paper using the single PAE system),so did the CS/NFC system on wet strength improvement(only 17%higher than that of paper using the single CS system).
文摘Nowadays,elderly people represent a growing population segment with a well known increased risk of both ischemic and bleeding events.Current acute coronary syndrome guidelines,strongly recommend dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)with few specific references for aged patients due to lack of evidence.Patients aged>75 years are misrepresented in the classic derivation trials cohorts.Strategies to reduce the bleeding risk in this group of patients are urgently needed for the daily clinical practice.Identify the specific age related bleeding risk factors and the importance of an integral geriatric assessment remains challenging.Some of the available in-hospital and out-hospital bleeding risk scores have shown a lower to moderate predictive ability in older patients and no specific tools are developed in elderly population.The importance of an appropriate vascular access choice,type and duration of antiplatelet drugs is crucial to reduce the bleeding risk.Increase radial approaches and short DAPT duration leads to reduce hemorrhages.One interesting subgroup of patients is those who need chronic anticoagulation therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention,due to their very high risk of bleeding.New alternatives as dual therapy with oral anticoagulation and only one antiplatlet drug should be considered.In current review,we evaluate the available evidence about bleeding risk in elderly.
