针对直接式太阳能干燥系统在实际应用过程中会存在干燥物料表面温度过高导致品质低下的问题,该文自行设计搭建一种直接式太阳能干燥系统,以红薯为干燥对象对该系统进行试验分析;同时在综合考虑室外气象参数、干燥物料热物性、搭建系统...针对直接式太阳能干燥系统在实际应用过程中会存在干燥物料表面温度过高导致品质低下的问题,该文自行设计搭建一种直接式太阳能干燥系统,以红薯为干燥对象对该系统进行试验分析;同时在综合考虑室外气象参数、干燥物料热物性、搭建系统特性的基础上,基于能量平衡原理建立系统热性能动态数学模型,利用MATLAB2014a进行编程求解出干燥物料表面温度,将干燥物料表面温度的试验值与模拟值进行相关性分析,并对设计搭建的直接式太阳能干燥系统的应用进行分析。研究结果表明:物料表面温度的试验值与模拟值之间的决定系数为0.98,均方根误差为1,说明建立的系统动态热性能数学模型能够较准确的预测室内干燥物料表面温度,对防止物料表面温度过高导致物料干燥品质下降具有重要意义;直接式太阳能干燥系统的平均干燥速率比开放式太阳能干燥系统高7.7 g/h,干燥系统所获得的总热能量为3.92 k W?h,其平均太阳能热利用效率为21.23%。展开更多
为解决现有肉干干燥设备效率低、品质差等问题,研制了一种适合肉干连续化生产的中红外-热风组合(combined mid-infrared with hot air,CMIHA)干燥设备,该设备包括进料段、加热段和出料冷却段3个单元,其中每个加热段均由输送系统、加热...为解决现有肉干干燥设备效率低、品质差等问题,研制了一种适合肉干连续化生产的中红外-热风组合(combined mid-infrared with hot air,CMIHA)干燥设备,该设备包括进料段、加热段和出料冷却段3个单元,其中每个加热段均由输送系统、加热系统、对流循环系统和控制系统等组成。通过红外加热波长的定向设计及辐射强度的有效控制,加大红外辐射能的利用率,提高脱水效率。同时通过对连续式CMIHA干燥设备的加热系统、对流系统、冷却系统等主要工艺参数的优化计算,研制出用于肉干连续式脱水的CMIHA干燥设备,并进行生产试验,比较分析该干燥设备与传统热风干燥设备对牛肉干脱水效率及品质的影响。结果表明,在相同条件下(加热功率105 k W,加热温度70℃,热风风速1 m/s,冷却风速3 m/s,加热距离8 cm),与传统热风干燥设备相比,连续式CMIHA干燥设备能够加快牛肉干肌肉蛋白的变性,降低干燥活化能,减少脱水所需的能量,降低干燥耗时,提高生产效率,其活化能和干燥耗时分别降低了10.33%和57.14%,生产效率提高了2倍;同时,连续式CMIHA干燥设备能够减轻牛肉干表面结痂现象,减缓(P<0.05)肌红蛋白的氧化,提高氧合肌红蛋白的含量,降低高铁肌红蛋白的含量,使牛肉干具有较好的"咬感"及色泽,其咀嚼性、剪切力、收缩率、红度a*值、色度C*值、色调H*值均显著优于(P<0.05)热风干燥设备,赋予了牛肉干较好的感官品质,实现了肉干的高效率、高品质脱水干燥。该研究为风干肉连续式干燥设备的研制提供了参考。展开更多
Compared to drought-susceptible rice cultivars(DSRs),drought-resistance rice cultivars(DRRs)could drastically reduce the amount of irrigation water input and simultaneously result in higher grain yield under water-sav...Compared to drought-susceptible rice cultivars(DSRs),drought-resistance rice cultivars(DRRs)could drastically reduce the amount of irrigation water input and simultaneously result in higher grain yield under water-saving irrigation conditions.However,the mechanisms underlying these properties are unclear.We investigated how improved agronomic traits contribute to higher yield and higher water use efficiency(WUE)in DRRs than in DSRs under alternate wetting and drying(AWD).Two DRRs and two DSRs were field-grown in 2015 and 2016 using two different irrigation regimes:continuous flooding(CF)and AWD.Under CF,no statistical differences in grain yield and WUE were observed between DRRs and DSRs.Irrigation water under the AWD regime was 275–349 mm,an amount 49.8%–56.2% of that(552–620 mm)applied under the CF regime.Compared to CF,AWD significantly decreased grain yield in both DRRs and DSRs,with a more significant reduction in DSRs,and WUE was increased in DRRs,but not in DSRs,by 9.9%–23.0% under AWD.Under AWD,DRRs showed a 20.2%–26.2% increase in grain yield and an 18.6%–24.5% increase in WUE compared to DSRs.Compared to DSRs,DRRs showed less redundant vegetative growth,greater sink capacity,higher grain filling efficiency,larger root biomass,and deeper root distribution under AWD.We conclude that these improved agronomic traits exert positive influences on WUE in DRRs under AWD.展开更多
文摘针对直接式太阳能干燥系统在实际应用过程中会存在干燥物料表面温度过高导致品质低下的问题,该文自行设计搭建一种直接式太阳能干燥系统,以红薯为干燥对象对该系统进行试验分析;同时在综合考虑室外气象参数、干燥物料热物性、搭建系统特性的基础上,基于能量平衡原理建立系统热性能动态数学模型,利用MATLAB2014a进行编程求解出干燥物料表面温度,将干燥物料表面温度的试验值与模拟值进行相关性分析,并对设计搭建的直接式太阳能干燥系统的应用进行分析。研究结果表明:物料表面温度的试验值与模拟值之间的决定系数为0.98,均方根误差为1,说明建立的系统动态热性能数学模型能够较准确的预测室内干燥物料表面温度,对防止物料表面温度过高导致物料干燥品质下降具有重要意义;直接式太阳能干燥系统的平均干燥速率比开放式太阳能干燥系统高7.7 g/h,干燥系统所获得的总热能量为3.92 k W?h,其平均太阳能热利用效率为21.23%。
文摘为解决现有肉干干燥设备效率低、品质差等问题,研制了一种适合肉干连续化生产的中红外-热风组合(combined mid-infrared with hot air,CMIHA)干燥设备,该设备包括进料段、加热段和出料冷却段3个单元,其中每个加热段均由输送系统、加热系统、对流循环系统和控制系统等组成。通过红外加热波长的定向设计及辐射强度的有效控制,加大红外辐射能的利用率,提高脱水效率。同时通过对连续式CMIHA干燥设备的加热系统、对流系统、冷却系统等主要工艺参数的优化计算,研制出用于肉干连续式脱水的CMIHA干燥设备,并进行生产试验,比较分析该干燥设备与传统热风干燥设备对牛肉干脱水效率及品质的影响。结果表明,在相同条件下(加热功率105 k W,加热温度70℃,热风风速1 m/s,冷却风速3 m/s,加热距离8 cm),与传统热风干燥设备相比,连续式CMIHA干燥设备能够加快牛肉干肌肉蛋白的变性,降低干燥活化能,减少脱水所需的能量,降低干燥耗时,提高生产效率,其活化能和干燥耗时分别降低了10.33%和57.14%,生产效率提高了2倍;同时,连续式CMIHA干燥设备能够减轻牛肉干表面结痂现象,减缓(P<0.05)肌红蛋白的氧化,提高氧合肌红蛋白的含量,降低高铁肌红蛋白的含量,使牛肉干具有较好的"咬感"及色泽,其咀嚼性、剪切力、收缩率、红度a*值、色度C*值、色调H*值均显著优于(P<0.05)热风干燥设备,赋予了牛肉干较好的感官品质,实现了肉干的高效率、高品质脱水干燥。该研究为风干肉连续式干燥设备的研制提供了参考。
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300507,2016YFD0300108)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671630,31671638,31501264)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01)
文摘Compared to drought-susceptible rice cultivars(DSRs),drought-resistance rice cultivars(DRRs)could drastically reduce the amount of irrigation water input and simultaneously result in higher grain yield under water-saving irrigation conditions.However,the mechanisms underlying these properties are unclear.We investigated how improved agronomic traits contribute to higher yield and higher water use efficiency(WUE)in DRRs than in DSRs under alternate wetting and drying(AWD).Two DRRs and two DSRs were field-grown in 2015 and 2016 using two different irrigation regimes:continuous flooding(CF)and AWD.Under CF,no statistical differences in grain yield and WUE were observed between DRRs and DSRs.Irrigation water under the AWD regime was 275–349 mm,an amount 49.8%–56.2% of that(552–620 mm)applied under the CF regime.Compared to CF,AWD significantly decreased grain yield in both DRRs and DSRs,with a more significant reduction in DSRs,and WUE was increased in DRRs,but not in DSRs,by 9.9%–23.0% under AWD.Under AWD,DRRs showed a 20.2%–26.2% increase in grain yield and an 18.6%–24.5% increase in WUE compared to DSRs.Compared to DSRs,DRRs showed less redundant vegetative growth,greater sink capacity,higher grain filling efficiency,larger root biomass,and deeper root distribution under AWD.We conclude that these improved agronomic traits exert positive influences on WUE in DRRs under AWD.
