Objective: To observe the immediate effect and safety of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills(麝香通心滴丸, STDP) on patients with coronary slow flow(CSF), and furthermore, to explore new evidence for the use of Chinese me...Objective: To observe the immediate effect and safety of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills(麝香通心滴丸, STDP) on patients with coronary slow flow(CSF), and furthermore, to explore new evidence for the use of Chinese medicine in treating ischemic chest pain. Methods: Coronary angiography(CAG) with corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI) frame count(CTFC) was applied(collected at 30 frames/s). The treatment group included 22 CSF patients, while the control group included 22 individuals with normal coronary?ow. CSF patients were given 4 STDP through sublingual administration, and CAG was performed 5 min after the medication. The immediate blood ?ow frame count, blood pressure, and heart rate of patients before and after the use of STDP were compared. The liver and kidney functions of patients were examined before and after treatments. Results: There was a signi?cant difference in CTFC between groups(P<0.05). The average CTFC values of the vessels with slow blood ?ow in CSF patients were, respectively, 49.98±10.01 and 40.42±11.33 before and after the treatment with STDP, a 19.13% improvement. The CTFC values(frame/s) measured before and after treatment at the left anterior descending coronary artery, left circumflex artery, and right coronary artery were, respectively, 48.00±13.32 and 41.80±15.38, 59.00±4.69 and 50.00±9.04, and 51.90±8.40 and40.09±10.46, giving 12.92%, 15.25%, and 22.76% improvements, respectively. The CTFC values of vessels with slow ?ow before treatment were signi?cantly decreased after treatment(P<0.05). There were no apparent changes in the heart rate, blood pressure, or liver or kidney function of CSF patients after treatment with STDP(all P>0.05). Conclusions: The immediate effect of STDP in treating CSF patients was apparent. This medication could signi?cantly improve coronary ?ow without affecting blood pressure or heart rate. Our ?ndings support the potential of Chinese medicine to treat ischemic chest pain.展开更多
Gases in the marine boundary layer in Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica were sampled and analyzed for the first time. Sampling sites included areas covered by moss and lichen growth, penguin colonies and an area w...Gases in the marine boundary layer in Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica were sampled and analyzed for the first time. Sampling sites included areas covered by moss and lichen growth, penguin colonies and an area where scientific research stations are located. A total of 211 samples were analyzed for N2O concentrations, with an average of (321.33±3.07) nL/L. This is above the global average value of 314 nL/L. It is found that the N2O concentrations evidently increase during the summer months. Concentrations around the research stations are higher than at remote areas, indicating a potential source from human activities on the island. N2O concentrations at a large penguin colony on Barton Peninsula are the highest among the sampled areas. This may explain why N2O concentrations in Fildes Peninsula are higher than the global average. Our preliminary conclusions are that human activities and emissions from penguin dropping-amended soil and vegetation soil constitute the major sources of N2O in the展开更多
During CHINARE 15(Dec. 1998 Mar. 1999), a lake core 67.5 cm in length, was sampled in Y2 lake, which is located on the Ardley Island, Antarctica. The concentrations of some chemical elements in Y2 lake sediments we...During CHINARE 15(Dec. 1998 Mar. 1999), a lake core 67.5 cm in length, was sampled in Y2 lake, which is located on the Ardley Island, Antarctica. The concentrations of some chemical elements in Y2 lake sediments were analyzed. According to comparative research on elementary characters of sediments in Antarctic West Lake, fresh penguin dropping as well as guano soil on the Ardley Island and Pacific Island in South China Sea, it presents that the Y2 lake sediments were ameliorated by penguin dropping. The result of element cluster analysis shows that the type elements in the sediment impacted by penguin dropping include Sr,F,S,P,Ca,Se,Cu,Zn and Ba. This can provide a base for further interpreting the climatic and environmental event recorded in the sediment.展开更多
Objective To establish an effective approach for rapid and comprehensive analysis on the absorbed and metabolic components in rats after ig administration of Yuanhu Zhitong Dropping Pill（YHZT）. Methods Based on the ...Objective To establish an effective approach for rapid and comprehensive analysis on the absorbed and metabolic components in rats after ig administration of Yuanhu Zhitong Dropping Pill（YHZT）. Methods Based on the combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and multivariate statistical analysis, the absorbed prototype constituents and their metabolites in rat plasma were rapidly analyzed and identified, and the components absorbed into brain were further identified by comparing the extracted ion chromatograms（EICs） of control and brain tissue samples of dosed rats. Results A total of 38 YHZT-related xenobiotic compounds were detected and identified as the potential bioactive constituents in rat plasma, including 24 absorbed prototype constituents and 14 metabolites. In particular, of all prototype constituents, 14 were also detected in rat brain tissue, indicating that they could penetrate the blood-brain barrier and enter into brain. Conclusion An effective method is established and applied to analyze the potential bioactive constituents in YHZT, which provides a pathway to further investigate the pharmacological pattern and mechanism of YHZT.展开更多
A bionic gannet was developed based on the analysis of the body configuration and skeleton structure and the motion pattern of wings of a gannet in plunge-diving. In the current prototype, adjustable sweptback wings w...A bionic gannet was developed based on the analysis of the body configuration and skeleton structure and the motion pattern of wings of a gannet in plunge-diving. In the current prototype, adjustable sweptback wings were implemented so as to achieve different body shapes for entering water. The impact acceleration in the longitudinal body axis direction and the axial overload on the body were investigated through the falling-down experiments under different conditions including dropping height, water-entry inclination angle, and wing sweptback angle. It is found that when the above three key parameters are 10 m for dropping height, 0° for wing sweptback angle, and 90° for water-entry inclination angle, the maximum peak impact acceleration and overload are -167.20 m.s-2 and 18.06 respectively. Furthermore, the variation of peak impact acceleration with the three key parameters were also analyzed and discussed.展开更多
A tortuous labyrinth passage consists of a series of right angle turns in a disk of high pressure control valve.In this paper,numerical simulations are made for the velocity and pressure distributions in this passage....A tortuous labyrinth passage consists of a series of right angle turns in a disk of high pressure control valve.In this paper,numerical simulations are made for the velocity and pressure distributions in this passage.It is shown that the “series passage” can induce a pressure dropping more effectively.The main function of the “series passage” is to induce a pressure dropping while the “parallel passage” is mainly to regulate the flow-rate.As a cross sectional area process,a series of reduction and expansion,the pressure will also see dropping and partial recovery,which is called the multistage pressure drop.By this way,the velocity can be controlled in a reasonable level anywhere in this tortuous labyrinth passage.With the fluid pressure dropping in a downwards serrated way,the pressure is higher than the local saturate vapor pressure,therefore,no cavitation is induced by the phase transition.展开更多
Objective Shunaoxin Dropping Pills(SDPs),a Chinese patent medicine,has been used widely in China for the treatment of headache,amnesia,and insomnia.The aim of the present study is to observe the effect of SDPs on indu...Objective Shunaoxin Dropping Pills(SDPs),a Chinese patent medicine,has been used widely in China for the treatment of headache,amnesia,and insomnia.The aim of the present study is to observe the effect of SDPs on inducing angiogenesis and neurogenesis in vitro.Methods The present testing system using the serum obtained from animals ig treated with SDPs and a co-culture system in vitro was used to investigate if SDPs promotes brain microvascular endothelial cells(BMECs)tube formation and neural differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells(NSPCs),which plays important roles in angiogenesis and neurogenesis.Results The SDPs serum sampled from rats ig treated with SDPs for 3 d dose-dependently promoted the tube like structure formation of cultured BMECs,and enhanced the fraction of MAP-2 positive cells of NSPCs,which co-cultured with the BMECs and astrocyte.In addition,there was no significant change in the percentage of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells.Conclusion Our results show that SDPs serum can induce neural differentiation and BMECs tube formation in vitro.展开更多
The present study was designed to determine the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, called Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill on chronic hypoxia-induced myocardial injury. To establish a rat chronic hypoxia model to be ...The present study was designed to determine the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, called Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill on chronic hypoxia-induced myocardial injury. To establish a rat chronic hypoxia model to be used in the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of the Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill, Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into three groups： the control, model, and treatment groups （n - 10 per group）. The animals were housed in a plexiglass container. The control animals were under normal oxygen concentration and the model and treatment groups were exposed to air and nitrogen for 5 weeks. The rats in the treatment group were orally administered the Qishen Yiqi Dropping pill （35 mg-kg-1.d-1） for 5 weeks. After the treatment, the cardiac function and morphology were analyzed, and the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor la （HIF-1a） were determined using Western blotting. Our results indicated that the cardiac function was impaired, cell apoptosis was enhanced, and HIF-1a expression was up-regulated in the model group, compared to the control group. These changes were ameliorated by the treatment with the Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill. In conclusion, Qishen Yiqi Dropping pill can ameliorate myocardial injury induced by chronic hypoxia, improve cardiac function, and decrease myocardial cell apoptosis, which may provide a basis for its clinical use for the treatment of chronic cardiovascular diseases展开更多
The present study was designed to improve storage stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills(GNDP) by transforming lignans of Herpetospermum caudigerum(HL) composed of herpetrione(HPE) and herpetin(H...The present study was designed to improve storage stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills(GNDP) by transforming lignans of Herpetospermum caudigerum(HL) composed of herpetrione(HPE) and herpetin(HPN) into nanosuspension(HL-NS), the main active ingredient of GNDP, HL-NS was prepared by high pressure homogenization and lyophilized to transform into solid nanoparticles(HL nanoparticles), and then the formulated HL nanoparticles were perfused into matrix to obtain NS-GNDP by melting method. For a period of 3 months, the content uniformity, storage stability and pharmacokinetics test in vivo of NS-GNDP were evaluated and compared with regular GNDP at room temperature. The results demonstrated that uniformity of dosage units of NS-GNDP was acceptable according to the criteria of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 J. Physical stability of NS-GNDP was investigated systemically using photon correlation spectroscopy(PCS), zeta potential measurement, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). There was a slight increase in particles and PI of HL-NS re-dispersed from NS-GNDP after storage for 3 months, compared with new formulated NS-GNDP, which indicated a good redispersibility of the NS-GNDP containing HL-NS after storage. Besides, chemical stability of NS-GNDP was studied and the results revealed that HPE and HPN degradation was less when compared with that of GNDP, providing more than 99% of drug residue after storage for 3 months. In the dissolution test in vitro, NS-GNDP remarkably exhibited an increased dissolution velocity compared with GNDP and no distinct dissolution difference existed within 3 months. The pharmacokinetic study showed that HPE and HPN in NS-GNDP exhibited a significant increase in AUC0–t, Cmax and decrease in Tmax when compared with regular GNDP. These results indicated that NS-GNDP possessed superiority with improved storage stability and increased dissolution rate and oral bioavailability.展开更多
Pear fruit is susceptible to bruising from mechanical impact during field harvesting operations and at all stages of postharvest handling.The postharvest shelf life of bruised fruits were shorter,and they softened rap...Pear fruit is susceptible to bruising from mechanical impact during field harvesting operations and at all stages of postharvest handling.The postharvest shelf life of bruised fruits were shorter,and they softened rapidly under cold storage compared with non-bruised samples.Developing strategies for reducing bruising during the supply chain requires an understanding of fruit dynamic behavior to different enforced loadings.Finite Element Method(FEM)is among the best techniques,in terms of accuracy and cost-efficiency,for studying the factors effective in impact-induced bruising.In this research,the drop test of pear sample was simulated using FEM.The simulation was conducted on a 3D solid model of the pear that was created by using non-contact optical scanning technology.This computer-based study aimed to assess the stress and strain distribution patterns within pear generated by collision of the fruit with a flat surface made of different materials.The contact force between two colliding surfaces is also investigated.The simulations were conducted at two different drop orientations and four different impact surfaces.Results showed that,in both drop orientations,the largest and smallest stresses,strains and contact forces were developed in collision with the steel and rubber surfaces,respectively.In general,these parameters were smaller when fruit collided with the surfaces along its horizontal axis than when collided along its vertical axis.Finally,analyses of stress and strain magnitudes showed that simulation stress and strain values were compatible with experiments data.展开更多
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Institute of Integrative Medicine Clinical Special Fund for Pharmacy Research(No.2014LYK009)
文摘Objective: To observe the immediate effect and safety of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills(麝香通心滴丸, STDP) on patients with coronary slow flow(CSF), and furthermore, to explore new evidence for the use of Chinese medicine in treating ischemic chest pain. Methods: Coronary angiography(CAG) with corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI) frame count(CTFC) was applied(collected at 30 frames/s). The treatment group included 22 CSF patients, while the control group included 22 individuals with normal coronary?ow. CSF patients were given 4 STDP through sublingual administration, and CAG was performed 5 min after the medication. The immediate blood ?ow frame count, blood pressure, and heart rate of patients before and after the use of STDP were compared. The liver and kidney functions of patients were examined before and after treatments. Results: There was a signi?cant difference in CTFC between groups(P<0.05). The average CTFC values of the vessels with slow blood ?ow in CSF patients were, respectively, 49.98±10.01 and 40.42±11.33 before and after the treatment with STDP, a 19.13% improvement. The CTFC values(frame/s) measured before and after treatment at the left anterior descending coronary artery, left circumflex artery, and right coronary artery were, respectively, 48.00±13.32 and 41.80±15.38, 59.00±4.69 and 50.00±9.04, and 51.90±8.40 and40.09±10.46, giving 12.92%, 15.25%, and 22.76% improvements, respectively. The CTFC values of vessels with slow ?ow before treatment were signi?cantly decreased after treatment(P<0.05). There were no apparent changes in the heart rate, blood pressure, or liver or kidney function of CSF patients after treatment with STDP(all P>0.05). Conclusions: The immediate effect of STDP in treating CSF patients was apparent. This medication could signi?cantly improve coronary ?ow without affecting blood pressure or heart rate. Our ?ndings support the potential of Chinese medicine to treat ischemic chest pain.
文摘Gases in the marine boundary layer in Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica were sampled and analyzed for the first time. Sampling sites included areas covered by moss and lichen growth, penguin colonies and an area where scientific research stations are located. A total of 211 samples were analyzed for N2O concentrations, with an average of (321.33±3.07) nL/L. This is above the global average value of 314 nL/L. It is found that the N2O concentrations evidently increase during the summer months. Concentrations around the research stations are higher than at remote areas, indicating a potential source from human activities on the island. N2O concentrations at a large penguin colony on Barton Peninsula are the highest among the sampled areas. This may explain why N2O concentrations in Fildes Peninsula are higher than the global average. Our preliminary conclusions are that human activities and emissions from penguin dropping-amended soil and vegetation soil constitute the major sources of N2O in the
文摘During CHINARE 15(Dec. 1998 Mar. 1999), a lake core 67.5 cm in length, was sampled in Y2 lake, which is located on the Ardley Island, Antarctica. The concentrations of some chemical elements in Y2 lake sediments were analyzed. According to comparative research on elementary characters of sediments in Antarctic West Lake, fresh penguin dropping as well as guano soil on the Ardley Island and Pacific Island in South China Sea, it presents that the Y2 lake sediments were ameliorated by penguin dropping. The result of element cluster analysis shows that the type elements in the sediment impacted by penguin dropping include Sr,F,S,P,Ca,Se,Cu,Zn and Ba. This can provide a base for further interpreting the climatic and environmental event recorded in the sediment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81430096)
文摘Objective To establish an effective approach for rapid and comprehensive analysis on the absorbed and metabolic components in rats after ig administration of Yuanhu Zhitong Dropping Pill（YHZT）. Methods Based on the combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and multivariate statistical analysis, the absorbed prototype constituents and their metabolites in rat plasma were rapidly analyzed and identified, and the components absorbed into brain were further identified by comparing the extracted ion chromatograms（EICs） of control and brain tissue samples of dosed rats. Results A total of 38 YHZT-related xenobiotic compounds were detected and identified as the potential bioactive constituents in rat plasma, including 24 absorbed prototype constituents and 14 metabolites. In particular, of all prototype constituents, 14 were also detected in rat brain tissue, indicating that they could penetrate the blood-brain barrier and enter into brain. Conclusion An effective method is established and applied to analyze the potential bioactive constituents in YHZT, which provides a pathway to further investigate the pharmacological pattern and mechanism of YHZT.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant no. 51005008）.
文摘A bionic gannet was developed based on the analysis of the body configuration and skeleton structure and the motion pattern of wings of a gannet in plunge-diving. In the current prototype, adjustable sweptback wings were implemented so as to achieve different body shapes for entering water. The impact acceleration in the longitudinal body axis direction and the axial overload on the body were investigated through the falling-down experiments under different conditions including dropping height, water-entry inclination angle, and wing sweptback angle. It is found that when the above three key parameters are 10 m for dropping height, 0° for wing sweptback angle, and 90° for water-entry inclination angle, the maximum peak impact acceleration and overload are -167.20 m.s-2 and 18.06 respectively. Furthermore, the variation of peak impact acceleration with the three key parameters were also analyzed and discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.51176127,51106099)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.13DZ2260900)
文摘A tortuous labyrinth passage consists of a series of right angle turns in a disk of high pressure control valve.In this paper,numerical simulations are made for the velocity and pressure distributions in this passage.It is shown that the “series passage” can induce a pressure dropping more effectively.The main function of the “series passage” is to induce a pressure dropping while the “parallel passage” is mainly to regulate the flow-rate.As a cross sectional area process,a series of reduction and expansion,the pressure will also see dropping and partial recovery,which is called the multistage pressure drop.By this way,the velocity can be controlled in a reasonable level anywhere in this tortuous labyrinth passage.With the fluid pressure dropping in a downwards serrated way,the pressure is higher than the local saturate vapor pressure,therefore,no cavitation is induced by the phase transition.
基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIR)National Science Foundation of China(30873395)+1 种基金Special Fund Project of Tianjin Science and Technology Innovation(08FDZDSH01405)Key Projects in the National Science and Technology Pillar Program(2007BAI47B01)
文摘Objective Shunaoxin Dropping Pills(SDPs),a Chinese patent medicine,has been used widely in China for the treatment of headache,amnesia,and insomnia.The aim of the present study is to observe the effect of SDPs on inducing angiogenesis and neurogenesis in vitro.Methods The present testing system using the serum obtained from animals ig treated with SDPs and a co-culture system in vitro was used to investigate if SDPs promotes brain microvascular endothelial cells(BMECs)tube formation and neural differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells(NSPCs),which plays important roles in angiogenesis and neurogenesis.Results The SDPs serum sampled from rats ig treated with SDPs for 3 d dose-dependently promoted the tube like structure formation of cultured BMECs,and enhanced the fraction of MAP-2 positive cells of NSPCs,which co-cultured with the BMECs and astrocyte.In addition,there was no significant change in the percentage of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells.Conclusion Our results show that SDPs serum can induce neural differentiation and BMECs tube formation in vitro.
文摘The present study was designed to determine the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, called Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill on chronic hypoxia-induced myocardial injury. To establish a rat chronic hypoxia model to be used in the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of the Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill, Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into three groups： the control, model, and treatment groups （n - 10 per group）. The animals were housed in a plexiglass container. The control animals were under normal oxygen concentration and the model and treatment groups were exposed to air and nitrogen for 5 weeks. The rats in the treatment group were orally administered the Qishen Yiqi Dropping pill （35 mg-kg-1.d-1） for 5 weeks. After the treatment, the cardiac function and morphology were analyzed, and the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor la （HIF-1a） were determined using Western blotting. Our results indicated that the cardiac function was impaired, cell apoptosis was enhanced, and HIF-1a expression was up-regulated in the model group, compared to the control group. These changes were ameliorated by the treatment with the Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pill. In conclusion, Qishen Yiqi Dropping pill can ameliorate myocardial injury induced by chronic hypoxia, improve cardiac function, and decrease myocardial cell apoptosis, which may provide a basis for its clinical use for the treatment of chronic cardiovascular diseases
基金financially supported by the National Key New Drugs Innovation Foundation(No.2016X09101073)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81573697)
文摘The present study was designed to improve storage stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills(GNDP) by transforming lignans of Herpetospermum caudigerum(HL) composed of herpetrione(HPE) and herpetin(HPN) into nanosuspension(HL-NS), the main active ingredient of GNDP, HL-NS was prepared by high pressure homogenization and lyophilized to transform into solid nanoparticles(HL nanoparticles), and then the formulated HL nanoparticles were perfused into matrix to obtain NS-GNDP by melting method. For a period of 3 months, the content uniformity, storage stability and pharmacokinetics test in vivo of NS-GNDP were evaluated and compared with regular GNDP at room temperature. The results demonstrated that uniformity of dosage units of NS-GNDP was acceptable according to the criteria of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 J. Physical stability of NS-GNDP was investigated systemically using photon correlation spectroscopy(PCS), zeta potential measurement, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). There was a slight increase in particles and PI of HL-NS re-dispersed from NS-GNDP after storage for 3 months, compared with new formulated NS-GNDP, which indicated a good redispersibility of the NS-GNDP containing HL-NS after storage. Besides, chemical stability of NS-GNDP was studied and the results revealed that HPE and HPN degradation was less when compared with that of GNDP, providing more than 99% of drug residue after storage for 3 months. In the dissolution test in vitro, NS-GNDP remarkably exhibited an increased dissolution velocity compared with GNDP and no distinct dissolution difference existed within 3 months. The pharmacokinetic study showed that HPE and HPN in NS-GNDP exhibited a significant increase in AUC0–t, Cmax and decrease in Tmax when compared with regular GNDP. These results indicated that NS-GNDP possessed superiority with improved storage stability and increased dissolution rate and oral bioavailability.
文摘Pear fruit is susceptible to bruising from mechanical impact during field harvesting operations and at all stages of postharvest handling.The postharvest shelf life of bruised fruits were shorter,and they softened rapidly under cold storage compared with non-bruised samples.Developing strategies for reducing bruising during the supply chain requires an understanding of fruit dynamic behavior to different enforced loadings.Finite Element Method(FEM)is among the best techniques,in terms of accuracy and cost-efficiency,for studying the factors effective in impact-induced bruising.In this research,the drop test of pear sample was simulated using FEM.The simulation was conducted on a 3D solid model of the pear that was created by using non-contact optical scanning technology.This computer-based study aimed to assess the stress and strain distribution patterns within pear generated by collision of the fruit with a flat surface made of different materials.The contact force between two colliding surfaces is also investigated.The simulations were conducted at two different drop orientations and four different impact surfaces.Results showed that,in both drop orientations,the largest and smallest stresses,strains and contact forces were developed in collision with the steel and rubber surfaces,respectively.In general,these parameters were smaller when fruit collided with the surfaces along its horizontal axis than when collided along its vertical axis.Finally,analyses of stress and strain magnitudes showed that simulation stress and strain values were compatible with experiments data.
