Cu/Al bar clad material was fabricated by a drawing process and a subsequent heat treatment.During these processes,intermetallic compounds have been formed at the interface of Cu/Al and have affected its bonding prope...Cu/Al bar clad material was fabricated by a drawing process and a subsequent heat treatment.During these processes,intermetallic compounds have been formed at the interface of Cu/Al and have affected its bonding property.Microstructures of Cu/Al interfaces were observed by OM,SEM and EDX Analyser in order to investigate the bonding properties of the material.According to the microstructure a series of diffusion layers were observed at the interface and the thicknesses of diffusion layers have increased with aging time as a result of the diffusion bonding.The interfaces were composed of 3-ply diffusion layers and their compositions were changed with aging time at 400 °C.These compositional compounds were revealed to be η2,(θ+η2),(α+θ) intermetallic phases.It is evident from V-notch impact tests that the growth of the brittle diffusion layers with the increasing aging time directly influenced delamination distance between the Cu sleeve and the Al core.It is suggested that the proper holding time at 400 °C for aging as post heat treatment of a drawn Cu/Al bar clad material would be within 1 h.展开更多
The moment we've all been waiting for has arrived-the curtain is drawn,the votes tallied,and the coveted plaques gleam in the hands of our deserving champions.
Walking into the Beijing-based studio of Belgian designer Jehanne de Biolley,one will be immediately drawn to the robes adorned with beautiful handwritten English words.
一般说来,科技英语中的括号部分无论长短,汉译时,仍保留其括号。如: Sen.Patrick Leahy(D)of Vermont last month securedthe promise of Senate Agricultute Appropriations Com-mittee Chairman Thad Cochran(R)of Mississippi for a8...一般说来,科技英语中的括号部分无论长短,汉译时,仍保留其括号。如: Sen.Patrick Leahy(D)of Vermont last month securedthe promise of Senate Agricultute Appropriations Com-mittee Chairman Thad Cochran(R)of Mississippi for a8250,000 grant for sugar maple research at the Universityof Vermont. 美国佛蒙特州参议员Patrick Leahy(民主党人)展开更多
In this study, we attempt to prepare a new blending system of poly（vinylidene fluoride） （PVDF） and aliphatic polyketone （POK） by melt compounding, The latter is a promising engineering plastic with comprehensive...In this study, we attempt to prepare a new blending system of poly（vinylidene fluoride） （PVDF） and aliphatic polyketone （POK） by melt compounding, The latter is a promising engineering plastic with comprehensive mechanical performances. When POK acted as minor phase to homogeneously disperse in and intimately contact with PVDF matrix, the brittle tensile behavior of neat PVDF transferred into a remarkably flexible manner （the elongation at break increased for 20 times）, and more interestingly, the room- temperature durability of β-form PVDF in the uniaxially drawn blend film was obviously better than that in the neat PVDF film. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that specific dipole interaction existed between CF2 group of PVDF and C=O group of POK. The intermolecular dipolar interaction induced good compatibility in the PVDF/POK blends, as evidently proved by fine two-phase morphology and decreased melting points of POK crystals. Therefore, the good compatibility and interracial enhancement are responsible for the improvement of the stretch ductility and β-form room-temperature durability of the PVDF/POK blends.展开更多
A model that is based on the propagation equation and coupled mode theory is introduced in order to describe stimulated Raman scattering（SRS） effects in long tapered fiber amplifiers.Based on the presented model,fib...A model that is based on the propagation equation and coupled mode theory is introduced in order to describe stimulated Raman scattering（SRS） effects in long tapered fiber amplifiers.Based on the presented model,fiber amplifiers with uniform and long tapered fibers are theoretically and numerically simulated.It can be drawn from the results of our simulations that the long tapered fiber has the advantage in suppressing SRS when applied in fiber laser amplifiers.Our results can provide guidance in the designing of system configuration in long tapered-fiber-based fiber laser systems.展开更多
The recrystallization behavior of cold-drawn 0.12 wt% C steel during annealing at temperatures 600°C and 650°C was investigated. Hardness tests were used to characterize the recrystallization kinetics. The m...The recrystallization behavior of cold-drawn 0.12 wt% C steel during annealing at temperatures 600°C and 650°C was investigated. Hardness tests were used to characterize the recrystallization kinetics. The micrographs of the steel were obtained using optical microscopy (OM) to characterize the grain microstructure of the non-treated and the annealed steel samples. Annihilation of dislocation defects occur within the soaking time of 5 - 10 minutes for all the deformed steel after annealing at 650°C. Specifically at 5 minutes soaking time the grains elongation is still observed indicating that reformation of grains is not taking place but recovery of the deformed grains. At the 10 minutes annealing time, new grains are observed to begin and full recrystallization is achieved at 15 minutes annealing time. At annealing time between 20 - 25 minutes, grains coarsening are observed indicating the onset of grain growth. The hardness of the material reduces with increasing annealing temperature for all the degree of cold drawn deformation. On the basis of the experimentally obtained hardness values, recrystallization increases with increasing degree of cold drawn deformation for the annealed steel. Recovery process was found to prolong in the 20% cold drawn steel as compared to the 55% cold drawn steel. The prolong recovery process is due to reduction in the driving force. Full recrystallization of the annealed steel is achieved at different soaking time depending on the degree of the cold drawn steel.展开更多
The present study used electroencephalography to examine mu rhythm suppression （a putative index of human mirror neuron system activation） at frontal sites （F3, Fz and F4）, central sites （C3, Cz and C4）, parieta...The present study used electroencephalography to examine mu rhythm suppression （a putative index of human mirror neuron system activation） at frontal sites （F3, Fz and F4）, central sites （C3, Cz and C4）, parietal sites （P3, Pz and P4） and occipital sites （O1 and O2）, while subjects observed real hand motion （real hand motion condition） and illustrative depictions of hand motion （drawn hand motion condition）. Experimental data revealed that mu rhythm suppression was exhibited in the mirror neuron system when subjects observed both real and drawn hand motion. Moreover, the mu rhythm recorded at the F3, Fz, F4, and Pz poles was significantly suppressed while observing both stimulus types, but no obvious mu suppression occurred at the O1, 02 and 03 poles. These results suggest that the observation of drawings of human hand actions can activate the human mirror neuron system. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the mirror neuron system may be involved in intransitively abstract action understanding.展开更多
Several excellent well-organized reviews and research papers on two special topics, "The challenges of avian influenza virus: mechanism, epidemiology, and control" and "Molecular
The effect of strain and drawing temperature on the evolution of microstructure and fiber textures of aluminum wiresdrawn at room temperature and cryogenic temperature was investigated by TEM and EBSD observations.The...The effect of strain and drawing temperature on the evolution of microstructure and fiber textures of aluminum wiresdrawn at room temperature and cryogenic temperature was investigated by TEM and EBSD observations.The results show that lowangle boundaries frequency increases and high angle boundaries frequency decreases with strain increasing when the strain is low.Athigh strain,most of grain and dislocation boundaries are parallel to the drawn direction and low angle boundaries frequencydecreases and high angle boundaries frequency increases with strain increasing.The decrease of deformation temperature leads tomicrostructure finer and low angle boundaries frequency increasing.Texture analysis indicates that volume fraction of complextexture component decreases with strain increasing and a mixture of?111?and?100?fiber texture forms at high strain.?111?is stableat low strains but?100?becomes stable at high strain.The decrease of temperature can enhance the stability of?111?orientation athigh strain.展开更多
Drawn low carbon steel is characterized by brittle fracture. These defects are associated with the poor ductility and high strain hardening due to the cold work. There is a need therefore to determine optimum heat tre...Drawn low carbon steel is characterized by brittle fracture. These defects are associated with the poor ductility and high strain hardening due to the cold work. There is a need therefore to determine optimum heat treatment parameters that could ensure improved toughness and ductility. Determining the optimum annealing parameters ensures valued recrystallization and also minimizes grain growth that could be detrimental to the resulting product. 40% and 55% cold drawn steels were annealed at temperatures 500℃ to 650℃ at intervals of 50℃ and soaked for 10 to 60 minutes at interval of 10 minutes to identify the temperature range and soaking time where optimum combination of properties could be obtained. Tensile test and impact toughness experiments were done to determine the required properties of the steel. Polynomial regression analysis was used to fit the properties relationship with soaking time and temperatures and the classical optimization technique was used to determine the minimum soaking time and temperature required for improved properties of the steel. Annealing treatment at 588℃ for 11 minutes at grain size of 44.7 mm can be considered to be the optimum annealing treatment for the 40% cold drawn 0.12 wt% C steel and 539℃ for 17 minutes at grain size of 19.5 mm for the 55% cold drawn 0.12 wt% C steel.展开更多
Background Although mi RNAs have been shown to associate with a variety of diseases,whether mi RNAs in monocyte associate heart failure（HF） has been not well studied.Methods Eight patients with ischemic HF（IHF）,8 ...Background Although mi RNAs have been shown to associate with a variety of diseases,whether mi RNAs in monocyte associate heart failure（HF） has been not well studied.Methods Eight patients with ischemic HF（IHF）,8 patients with non-ischemic HF（NIHF） and 8 healthy volunteers were recruited.Clinical characteristics of all participants were collected.Peripheral blood samples were drawn for analysis of mi RNA expression in monocytes.Results All participants were male and the participants in IHF group were older and had higher percentage of smoker and diabetes mellitus than in the other two groups（P 〈 0.05）.Serum levels of creatinine and NT-pro BNP were significantly higher in IHF patients compared to the other two groups（P 〈 0.05）.More participants in IHF group were treated with ACEI/ARB,beta-blocker and statins.Participants with NYHA grade III accounted for 62.5% in IHF group,while participants with NYHA grade IV accounted for 87.5% in NIHF group.The levels of 11 mi RNAs in monocytes were significantly higher in the IHF group,and the levels of 7 mi RNAs were significantly increased in the NIHF group.Other differences in mi RNAs levels between IHF and NIHF groups were also observed.Conclusion our present study revealed that there are substantial differences in mi R-NAs between HF patients and healthy volunteer.展开更多
The risk factors and precautions of inpatient suicide were explored. Thirty suicide victims were drawn from the adverse event reports of suicidal act during hospitalization in a general hospital from 2008 to 2014. Dat...The risk factors and precautions of inpatient suicide were explored. Thirty suicide victims were drawn from the adverse event reports of suicidal act during hospitalization in a general hospital from 2008 to 2014. Data were gathered from the focus group interviews of twelve nurses who had experienced inpatient suicide. The data were analyzed by using analytical technique based on grounded theory, and software QSR NVIVO8 was used to aid the collation of data. Three main themes of risk factors about inpatient suicide emerged from the analysis： individual value, social factors and environmental factors. The individual value was categorized into different groups such as sense of guilt, hopelessness and low self-esteem. Social factors included two aspects of negative life events and social support. Three themes of precautions about inpatient suicide appeared in this study： evaluation, nursing and information exchange. Evaluation was elaborated from both physical and psychological assessments. This finding extends existing work of risk factors and precautions about inpatient suicide and brings new knowledge about the reasons why inpatients commit suicide.展开更多
The effect of prior-heat treatments at 500℃, 600℃ and 700℃ on the creep behavior of an industrial drawn copper has been studied under constant stresses (98, 108 and 118 MPa) and temperatures (290℃ and 340℃). The ...The effect of prior-heat treatments at 500℃, 600℃ and 700℃ on the creep behavior of an industrial drawn copper has been studied under constant stresses (98, 108 and 118 MPa) and temperatures (290℃ and 340℃). The results revealed that the creep behavior and the creep life of the material depend strongly on these prior-heat treatments. The apparent activation energy Qc for different creep tests of a drawn copper wire was calculated. The fracture mechanism of the material is characterized using optical microscopy.展开更多
Agriculture is the largest consumer of freshwater.Desalinated seawater is an important alternative water source for sustainable irrigation.However,some issues of the current desalination technology hinder its use for ...Agriculture is the largest consumer of freshwater.Desalinated seawater is an important alternative water source for sustainable irrigation.However,some issues of the current desalination technology hinder its use for agriculture irrigation,including low boron removal and high energy consumption.This study systematically explored the feasibility of employing fertilizer drawn forward osmosis(FDFO)as an alternative to 2nd pass reverse osmosis(RO)by considering the boron removal performance and specific energy consumption(SEC).Different operating conditions were investigated,such as the boron and NaCl concentrations in feed solution(FS),draw solution(DS)concentration,pH,the volume ratio of FS to DS,membrane orientation,flow rate,and operating temperature.The results indicated that a low boron concentration in FS and high DS pH(pH=11.0)decreased the boron solute flux,and led to low final boron concentration in the DS.The other operating conditions had negligible influence on the final DS boron concentration.Also,a lower flow rate and higher specific water flux with certain permeate water volumes were conducive to reducing the SEC of the FDFO process.Overall,our study paves a new way of using FDFO in irrigation,which avoids the phytotoxicity and human health risk of boron.The results show the potential of FDFO as an alternative to 2nd pass RO for irrigation water production.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Taking a fuzzy topology as its new background, the topology on lattices has been greatly changed and developed recently. In this process, a lot of interesting and important questions about lattice the...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Taking a fuzzy topology as its new background, the topology on lattices has been greatly changed and developed recently. In this process, a lot of interesting and important questions about lattice theory have been and will be further drawn out, in view of pure algebra. It is well known that the work of studying uniform-展开更多
Objective To study the characteristics of blood flow in common hepatic tumors by 256-slice spiral CT wholeliver perfusion imaging.Methods Seventy-one patients with hepatic tumors were examined retrospectively by256-sl...Objective To study the characteristics of blood flow in common hepatic tumors by 256-slice spiral CT wholeliver perfusion imaging.Methods Seventy-one patients with hepatic tumors were examined retrospectively by256-slice spiral CT whole-liver perfusion.Among them,twenty-seven cases were of primary hepatic cancer,twen-展开更多
As one of a series of investigations carried out in our laboratory, the liquidus of the NdCl<sub>3</sub>-CaCl<sub>2</sub>-LiCl system which was determined by the DTA method is described here. S...As one of a series of investigations carried out in our laboratory, the liquidus of the NdCl<sub>3</sub>-CaCl<sub>2</sub>-LiCl system which was determined by the DTA method is described here. So far as we know, this phase diagram is reported for the first time.展开更多
Hsueh and O Brien (1971) proposed a model on coastal upwelling induced by alongshore current. Their model is two - dimensional .steady , f - plane , linear and homogeneous with constant depth , in which wind effect wa...Hsueh and O Brien (1971) proposed a model on coastal upwelling induced by alongshore current. Their model is two - dimensional .steady , f - plane , linear and homogeneous with constant depth , in which wind effect was not considered . In the present paper, we proposed a steady model on upwelling in a strait with alongshore boundary current and wind applied on the surface. The following conclusions have been drawn.1 . Alongshore boundary current contributes more to upwelling than wind near the right coast.2. Alongshore boundary current influence can reach to about 70 km away from the right coast.3. Upwelling in the left half of the strait is mainly produced by wind .4. Under certain conditions, the combined action of wind and alongshore boundary current can produce upwelling in the middle of the strait.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Materials Development funded by the Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economy
文摘Cu/Al bar clad material was fabricated by a drawing process and a subsequent heat treatment.During these processes,intermetallic compounds have been formed at the interface of Cu/Al and have affected its bonding property.Microstructures of Cu/Al interfaces were observed by OM,SEM and EDX Analyser in order to investigate the bonding properties of the material.According to the microstructure a series of diffusion layers were observed at the interface and the thicknesses of diffusion layers have increased with aging time as a result of the diffusion bonding.The interfaces were composed of 3-ply diffusion layers and their compositions were changed with aging time at 400 °C.These compositional compounds were revealed to be η2,(θ+η2),(α+θ) intermetallic phases.It is evident from V-notch impact tests that the growth of the brittle diffusion layers with the increasing aging time directly influenced delamination distance between the Cu sleeve and the Al core.It is suggested that the proper holding time at 400 °C for aging as post heat treatment of a drawn Cu/Al bar clad material would be within 1 h.
文摘The moment we've all been waiting for has arrived-the curtain is drawn,the votes tallied,and the coveted plaques gleam in the hands of our deserving champions.
文摘Walking into the Beijing-based studio of Belgian designer Jehanne de Biolley,one will be immediately drawn to the robes adorned with beautiful handwritten English words.
文摘一般说来,科技英语中的括号部分无论长短,汉译时,仍保留其括号。如: Sen.Patrick Leahy(D)of Vermont last month securedthe promise of Senate Agricultute Appropriations Com-mittee Chairman Thad Cochran(R)of Mississippi for a8250,000 grant for sugar maple research at the Universityof Vermont. 美国佛蒙特州参议员Patrick Leahy(民主党人)
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51373108 and 21574088)
文摘In this study, we attempt to prepare a new blending system of poly（vinylidene fluoride） （PVDF） and aliphatic polyketone （POK） by melt compounding, The latter is a promising engineering plastic with comprehensive mechanical performances. When POK acted as minor phase to homogeneously disperse in and intimately contact with PVDF matrix, the brittle tensile behavior of neat PVDF transferred into a remarkably flexible manner （the elongation at break increased for 20 times）, and more interestingly, the room- temperature durability of β-form PVDF in the uniaxially drawn blend film was obviously better than that in the neat PVDF film. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that specific dipole interaction existed between CF2 group of PVDF and C=O group of POK. The intermolecular dipolar interaction induced good compatibility in the PVDF/POK blends, as evidently proved by fine two-phase morphology and decreased melting points of POK crystals. Therefore, the good compatibility and interracial enhancement are responsible for the improvement of the stretch ductility and β-form room-temperature durability of the PVDF/POK blends.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61505260)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0402204)
文摘A model that is based on the propagation equation and coupled mode theory is introduced in order to describe stimulated Raman scattering（SRS） effects in long tapered fiber amplifiers.Based on the presented model,fiber amplifiers with uniform and long tapered fibers are theoretically and numerically simulated.It can be drawn from the results of our simulations that the long tapered fiber has the advantage in suppressing SRS when applied in fiber laser amplifiers.Our results can provide guidance in the designing of system configuration in long tapered-fiber-based fiber laser systems.
文摘The recrystallization behavior of cold-drawn 0.12 wt% C steel during annealing at temperatures 600°C and 650°C was investigated. Hardness tests were used to characterize the recrystallization kinetics. The micrographs of the steel were obtained using optical microscopy (OM) to characterize the grain microstructure of the non-treated and the annealed steel samples. Annihilation of dislocation defects occur within the soaking time of 5 - 10 minutes for all the deformed steel after annealing at 650°C. Specifically at 5 minutes soaking time the grains elongation is still observed indicating that reformation of grains is not taking place but recovery of the deformed grains. At the 10 minutes annealing time, new grains are observed to begin and full recrystallization is achieved at 15 minutes annealing time. At annealing time between 20 - 25 minutes, grains coarsening are observed indicating the onset of grain growth. The hardness of the material reduces with increasing annealing temperature for all the degree of cold drawn deformation. On the basis of the experimentally obtained hardness values, recrystallization increases with increasing degree of cold drawn deformation for the annealed steel. Recovery process was found to prolong in the 20% cold drawn steel as compared to the 55% cold drawn steel. The prolong recovery process is due to reduction in the driving force. Full recrystallization of the annealed steel is achieved at different soaking time depending on the degree of the cold drawn steel.
基金the Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 60775019, 60970062the Shanghai Pujiang Program, No. 09PJ1410200the Project-sponsored by SRF for ROCS, SEM
文摘The present study used electroencephalography to examine mu rhythm suppression （a putative index of human mirror neuron system activation） at frontal sites （F3, Fz and F4）, central sites （C3, Cz and C4）, parietal sites （P3, Pz and P4） and occipital sites （O1 and O2）, while subjects observed real hand motion （real hand motion condition） and illustrative depictions of hand motion （drawn hand motion condition）. Experimental data revealed that mu rhythm suppression was exhibited in the mirror neuron system when subjects observed both real and drawn hand motion. Moreover, the mu rhythm recorded at the F3, Fz, F4, and Pz poles was significantly suppressed while observing both stimulus types, but no obvious mu suppression occurred at the O1, 02 and 03 poles. These results suggest that the observation of drawings of human hand actions can activate the human mirror neuron system. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the mirror neuron system may be involved in intransitively abstract action understanding.
文摘Several excellent well-organized reviews and research papers on two special topics, "The challenges of avian influenza virus: mechanism, epidemiology, and control" and "Molecular
基金Projects(51471123,51171135)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2012K07-08,2013KJXX-61)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,ChinaProject(2013JC14)supported by the Industrialization Program of Shaanxi Province,China
文摘The effect of strain and drawing temperature on the evolution of microstructure and fiber textures of aluminum wiresdrawn at room temperature and cryogenic temperature was investigated by TEM and EBSD observations.The results show that lowangle boundaries frequency increases and high angle boundaries frequency decreases with strain increasing when the strain is low.Athigh strain,most of grain and dislocation boundaries are parallel to the drawn direction and low angle boundaries frequencydecreases and high angle boundaries frequency increases with strain increasing.The decrease of deformation temperature leads tomicrostructure finer and low angle boundaries frequency increasing.Texture analysis indicates that volume fraction of complextexture component decreases with strain increasing and a mixture of?111?and?100?fiber texture forms at high strain.?111?is stableat low strains but?100?becomes stable at high strain.The decrease of temperature can enhance the stability of?111?orientation athigh strain.
文摘Drawn low carbon steel is characterized by brittle fracture. These defects are associated with the poor ductility and high strain hardening due to the cold work. There is a need therefore to determine optimum heat treatment parameters that could ensure improved toughness and ductility. Determining the optimum annealing parameters ensures valued recrystallization and also minimizes grain growth that could be detrimental to the resulting product. 40% and 55% cold drawn steels were annealed at temperatures 500℃ to 650℃ at intervals of 50℃ and soaked for 10 to 60 minutes at interval of 10 minutes to identify the temperature range and soaking time where optimum combination of properties could be obtained. Tensile test and impact toughness experiments were done to determine the required properties of the steel. Polynomial regression analysis was used to fit the properties relationship with soaking time and temperatures and the classical optimization technique was used to determine the minimum soaking time and temperature required for improved properties of the steel. Annealing treatment at 588℃ for 11 minutes at grain size of 44.7 mm can be considered to be the optimum annealing treatment for the 40% cold drawn 0.12 wt% C steel and 539℃ for 17 minutes at grain size of 19.5 mm for the 55% cold drawn 0.12 wt% C steel.
文摘Background Although mi RNAs have been shown to associate with a variety of diseases,whether mi RNAs in monocyte associate heart failure（HF） has been not well studied.Methods Eight patients with ischemic HF（IHF）,8 patients with non-ischemic HF（NIHF） and 8 healthy volunteers were recruited.Clinical characteristics of all participants were collected.Peripheral blood samples were drawn for analysis of mi RNA expression in monocytes.Results All participants were male and the participants in IHF group were older and had higher percentage of smoker and diabetes mellitus than in the other two groups（P 〈 0.05）.Serum levels of creatinine and NT-pro BNP were significantly higher in IHF patients compared to the other two groups（P 〈 0.05）.More participants in IHF group were treated with ACEI/ARB,beta-blocker and statins.Participants with NYHA grade III accounted for 62.5% in IHF group,while participants with NYHA grade IV accounted for 87.5% in NIHF group.The levels of 11 mi RNAs in monocytes were significantly higher in the IHF group,and the levels of 7 mi RNAs were significantly increased in the NIHF group.Other differences in mi RNAs levels between IHF and NIHF groups were also observed.Conclusion our present study revealed that there are substantial differences in mi R-NAs between HF patients and healthy volunteer.
基金supported by Huazhong University of Science and Technology independent innovation fund in 2013-clinical skills,China(No.01-18-530069)
文摘The risk factors and precautions of inpatient suicide were explored. Thirty suicide victims were drawn from the adverse event reports of suicidal act during hospitalization in a general hospital from 2008 to 2014. Data were gathered from the focus group interviews of twelve nurses who had experienced inpatient suicide. The data were analyzed by using analytical technique based on grounded theory, and software QSR NVIVO8 was used to aid the collation of data. Three main themes of risk factors about inpatient suicide emerged from the analysis： individual value, social factors and environmental factors. The individual value was categorized into different groups such as sense of guilt, hopelessness and low self-esteem. Social factors included two aspects of negative life events and social support. Three themes of precautions about inpatient suicide appeared in this study： evaluation, nursing and information exchange. Evaluation was elaborated from both physical and psychological assessments. This finding extends existing work of risk factors and precautions about inpatient suicide and brings new knowledge about the reasons why inpatients commit suicide.
文摘The effect of prior-heat treatments at 500℃, 600℃ and 700℃ on the creep behavior of an industrial drawn copper has been studied under constant stresses (98, 108 and 118 MPa) and temperatures (290℃ and 340℃). The results revealed that the creep behavior and the creep life of the material depend strongly on these prior-heat treatments. The apparent activation energy Qc for different creep tests of a drawn copper wire was calculated. The fracture mechanism of the material is characterized using optical microscopy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC040800202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21878177)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2019LFG003)the grants from the Tai Shan Scholar Foundation(No.ts201511003)。
文摘Agriculture is the largest consumer of freshwater.Desalinated seawater is an important alternative water source for sustainable irrigation.However,some issues of the current desalination technology hinder its use for agriculture irrigation,including low boron removal and high energy consumption.This study systematically explored the feasibility of employing fertilizer drawn forward osmosis(FDFO)as an alternative to 2nd pass reverse osmosis(RO)by considering the boron removal performance and specific energy consumption(SEC).Different operating conditions were investigated,such as the boron and NaCl concentrations in feed solution(FS),draw solution(DS)concentration,pH,the volume ratio of FS to DS,membrane orientation,flow rate,and operating temperature.The results indicated that a low boron concentration in FS and high DS pH(pH=11.0)decreased the boron solute flux,and led to low final boron concentration in the DS.The other operating conditions had negligible influence on the final DS boron concentration.Also,a lower flow rate and higher specific water flux with certain permeate water volumes were conducive to reducing the SEC of the FDFO process.Overall,our study paves a new way of using FDFO in irrigation,which avoids the phytotoxicity and human health risk of boron.The results show the potential of FDFO as an alternative to 2nd pass RO for irrigation water production.
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Taking a fuzzy topology as its new background, the topology on lattices has been greatly changed and developed recently. In this process, a lot of interesting and important questions about lattice theory have been and will be further drawn out, in view of pure algebra. It is well known that the work of studying uniform-
文摘Objective To study the characteristics of blood flow in common hepatic tumors by 256-slice spiral CT wholeliver perfusion imaging.Methods Seventy-one patients with hepatic tumors were examined retrospectively by256-slice spiral CT whole-liver perfusion.Among them,twenty-seven cases were of primary hepatic cancer,twen-
文摘As one of a series of investigations carried out in our laboratory, the liquidus of the NdCl<sub>3</sub>-CaCl<sub>2</sub>-LiCl system which was determined by the DTA method is described here. So far as we know, this phase diagram is reported for the first time.
文摘Hsueh and O Brien (1971) proposed a model on coastal upwelling induced by alongshore current. Their model is two - dimensional .steady , f - plane , linear and homogeneous with constant depth , in which wind effect was not considered . In the present paper, we proposed a steady model on upwelling in a strait with alongshore boundary current and wind applied on the surface. The following conclusions have been drawn.1 . Alongshore boundary current contributes more to upwelling than wind near the right coast.2. Alongshore boundary current influence can reach to about 70 km away from the right coast.3. Upwelling in the left half of the strait is mainly produced by wind .4. Under certain conditions, the combined action of wind and alongshore boundary current can produce upwelling in the middle of the strait.
