Many public and private sector projects, such as hydropower dams or mines, trigger forced population displacement but fail to resettle people sustainably and instead cause their impoverishment. Social science research...Many public and private sector projects, such as hydropower dams or mines, trigger forced population displacement but fail to resettle people sustainably and instead cause their impoverishment. Social science research has found that one root cause of such failures and of impoverishment is asset dispossession and the insufficient financing of resettlement. Most governments, however, state that （1） compensation alone is sufficient for restoring the income and livelihood of those displaced, and （2） resources to supplement compensation with additional financing are not available. The author critiques and rejects these positions. He offers a theoretical analysis of the limits and flaws of compensation payments for expropriated assets, and argues that resources are available for supplementing compensation with financial investments for resettlers＇ development. The sources for supplementary financing are the economic rent （windfall profits） generated by natural resource projects such as hydropower or mining and the regular stream of benefits generated by all projects that require resettlement. Further, the author argues that financial investments in resettlers＇ welfare are indispensable and what benefit sharing is feasible. Therefore, both should become basic principles of resettlement legislation and practice. In addition to theoretical analysis, the author documents with empirical evidence that some countries （China, Brazil, Canada, Columbia and Japan） already make investments additional to compensation for post-displacement reconstruction. The author sums up his argument in these key points： （1） Compensation alone cannot prevent the impoverishment of resettlers and cannot in itself restore and improve their livelihoods; （2） Additional financing is needed for direct investments in resettlement with development; （3） Compensation levels must be increased; （4） Financing resources are available in most cases for investing in resettlers＇ development, but allocation of investmen展开更多
针对高速电机磁悬浮转子受不平衡扰动时位移精度下降的问题,提出一种基于最小位移原则的变极性最小均方误差(least mean square,LMS)反馈不平衡补偿策略,通过在线辨识位移信号中的转速同频分量,引入反馈补偿来增加系统对同频分量的广义...针对高速电机磁悬浮转子受不平衡扰动时位移精度下降的问题,提出一种基于最小位移原则的变极性最小均方误差(least mean square,LMS)反馈不平衡补偿策略,通过在线辨识位移信号中的转速同频分量,引入反馈补偿来增加系统对同频分量的广义动刚度,实现不平衡补偿。利用广义根轨迹分析了引入补偿后系统的闭环稳定性,同时针对仅以负极性或正极性引入补偿后,闭环系统均存在临界转频以上或以下发散的问题,设计了通过切换引入补偿的极性来穿越临界转频,从而实现引入LMS反馈补偿后全转速范围闭环稳定。实验结果表明,该方法在全转速范围内均能大幅减小位移信号中的转速同频分量。展开更多
文摘Many public and private sector projects, such as hydropower dams or mines, trigger forced population displacement but fail to resettle people sustainably and instead cause their impoverishment. Social science research has found that one root cause of such failures and of impoverishment is asset dispossession and the insufficient financing of resettlement. Most governments, however, state that （1） compensation alone is sufficient for restoring the income and livelihood of those displaced, and （2） resources to supplement compensation with additional financing are not available. The author critiques and rejects these positions. He offers a theoretical analysis of the limits and flaws of compensation payments for expropriated assets, and argues that resources are available for supplementing compensation with financial investments for resettlers＇ development. The sources for supplementary financing are the economic rent （windfall profits） generated by natural resource projects such as hydropower or mining and the regular stream of benefits generated by all projects that require resettlement. Further, the author argues that financial investments in resettlers＇ welfare are indispensable and what benefit sharing is feasible. Therefore, both should become basic principles of resettlement legislation and practice. In addition to theoretical analysis, the author documents with empirical evidence that some countries （China, Brazil, Canada, Columbia and Japan） already make investments additional to compensation for post-displacement reconstruction. The author sums up his argument in these key points： （1） Compensation alone cannot prevent the impoverishment of resettlers and cannot in itself restore and improve their livelihoods; （2） Additional financing is needed for direct investments in resettlement with development; （3） Compensation levels must be increased; （4） Financing resources are available in most cases for investing in resettlers＇ development, but allocation of investmen
文摘针对高速电机磁悬浮转子受不平衡扰动时位移精度下降的问题,提出一种基于最小位移原则的变极性最小均方误差(least mean square,LMS)反馈不平衡补偿策略,通过在线辨识位移信号中的转速同频分量,引入反馈补偿来增加系统对同频分量的广义动刚度,实现不平衡补偿。利用广义根轨迹分析了引入补偿后系统的闭环稳定性,同时针对仅以负极性或正极性引入补偿后,闭环系统均存在临界转频以上或以下发散的问题,设计了通过切换引入补偿的极性来穿越临界转频,从而实现引入LMS反馈补偿后全转速范围闭环稳定。实验结果表明,该方法在全转速范围内均能大幅减小位移信号中的转速同频分量。
