Einstein claimed Bohr’s theory is incomplete: “the wave function does not provide a complete description of the physical reality” [1]. Their views represent two physics in schism [2] [3]. Quanta are fundamental. Th...Einstein claimed Bohr’s theory is incomplete: “the wave function does not provide a complete description of the physical reality” [1]. Their views represent two physics in schism [2] [3]. Quanta are fundamental. The theory of diffraction in quasicrystals, that is summarized here, is falsifiable and verified. The quanta are not only harmonic;but harmonic in dual series: geometric and linear. Many have believed the quantum is real;rather than conceptual and axiomatic. The quasicrystal proves its reality.展开更多
Previous theories of quasicrystal diffraction have called it “Bragg diffraction in Fibonacci sequence and 6 dimensions”. This is a misnomer, because quasicrystal diffraction is not in integral linear order n where n...Previous theories of quasicrystal diffraction have called it “Bragg diffraction in Fibonacci sequence and 6 dimensions”. This is a misnomer, because quasicrystal diffraction is not in integral linear order n where nλ= 2dsin(θ) as in all crystal diffraction;but in irrational, geometric series τ<sup>m</sup>, that are now properly indexed, simulated and verified in 3 dimensions. The diffraction is due not to mathematical axiom, but to the physical property of dual harmony of the probe, scattering on the hierarchic structure in the scattering solid. By applying this property to the postulates of quantum theory, it emerges that the 3rd postulate (continuous and definite) contradicts the 4<sup>th</sup> (instantaneous and indefinite). The latter also contradicts Heisenberg’s “limit”. In fact, the implied postulates of probability amplitude describe hidden variables that are universally recognized, in all sensitive measurement, by records of error bars. The hidden variables include momentum quanta, in quasicrystal diffraction, that are continuous and definite. A revision of the 4<sup>th</sup> postulate is proposed.展开更多
The International Space Station（ISS） employs catalytic wet oxidation carried out in a Volatile Reactor Assembly （VRA） for water recycling. Previous earth gravity experiments show that the VRA is very effective at ...The International Space Station（ISS） employs catalytic wet oxidation carried out in a Volatile Reactor Assembly （VRA） for water recycling. Previous earth gravity experiments show that the VRA is very effective at removing polar, low molecular weight organics. To compare the reactor performance under micro-gravity and Earth gravity conditions, a tracer study was performed on a space shuttle in 1999 by using 0.2% potassium carbonate as the chemical tracer. In this paper, the experimental data were analyzed and it is indicated that the reactor can be considered as a plug flow one under both micro-gravity and earth gravity experimental conditions. It has also been proved that dispersion is not important in the VRA reactor under the experimental conditions. Tracer retardation was observed in the experiments and it is most likely caused by catalyst adsorption. It is concluded that the following reasons may also have influence on the retardation of mean residence time ： （1） the liquid can be held by appurtenances, which will retard the mean residence time; （2） the pores can hold the tracer, which can also retard the mean residence time.展开更多
文摘Einstein claimed Bohr’s theory is incomplete: “the wave function does not provide a complete description of the physical reality” [1]. Their views represent two physics in schism [2] [3]. Quanta are fundamental. The theory of diffraction in quasicrystals, that is summarized here, is falsifiable and verified. The quanta are not only harmonic;but harmonic in dual series: geometric and linear. Many have believed the quantum is real;rather than conceptual and axiomatic. The quasicrystal proves its reality.
文摘Previous theories of quasicrystal diffraction have called it “Bragg diffraction in Fibonacci sequence and 6 dimensions”. This is a misnomer, because quasicrystal diffraction is not in integral linear order n where nλ= 2dsin(θ) as in all crystal diffraction;but in irrational, geometric series τ<sup>m</sup>, that are now properly indexed, simulated and verified in 3 dimensions. The diffraction is due not to mathematical axiom, but to the physical property of dual harmony of the probe, scattering on the hierarchic structure in the scattering solid. By applying this property to the postulates of quantum theory, it emerges that the 3rd postulate (continuous and definite) contradicts the 4<sup>th</sup> (instantaneous and indefinite). The latter also contradicts Heisenberg’s “limit”. In fact, the implied postulates of probability amplitude describe hidden variables that are universally recognized, in all sensitive measurement, by records of error bars. The hidden variables include momentum quanta, in quasicrystal diffraction, that are continuous and definite. A revision of the 4<sup>th</sup> postulate is proposed.
文摘The International Space Station（ISS） employs catalytic wet oxidation carried out in a Volatile Reactor Assembly （VRA） for water recycling. Previous earth gravity experiments show that the VRA is very effective at removing polar, low molecular weight organics. To compare the reactor performance under micro-gravity and Earth gravity conditions, a tracer study was performed on a space shuttle in 1999 by using 0.2% potassium carbonate as the chemical tracer. In this paper, the experimental data were analyzed and it is indicated that the reactor can be considered as a plug flow one under both micro-gravity and earth gravity experimental conditions. It has also been proved that dispersion is not important in the VRA reactor under the experimental conditions. Tracer retardation was observed in the experiments and it is most likely caused by catalyst adsorption. It is concluded that the following reasons may also have influence on the retardation of mean residence time ： （1） the liquid can be held by appurtenances, which will retard the mean residence time; （2） the pores can hold the tracer, which can also retard the mean residence time.
